The work in this thesis consisted of initial experiments designed to elucidate the role of hormones in a hormonal dependent tumor. Various aspects of nucleic acid synthesis in a hormone dependent tumor in the presence (growing) and absence (regressing) of the hormone were studied. The rates of nucleic acid synthesis were studied in whole animals by injecting radioactive formate and allowing the animal to incorporate radioactivity for various periods of time. Nucleic acids were extracted by PAS, phenol procedure and separated on a MAK column. Labelling of all species of nucleic acid was decreased in regressing tumors. In order to determine whether estrogen is acting directly on cells or at some indirect physiological level; the ability of cells from growing and regressing tumor to synthesize nucleic acids in vitro was determined. Results of experiments with these cell suspensions demonstrate that cells from the regressing tumor had a decreased ability to synthesize nucleic acids relative to growing tumor. The rate of DNA synthesis was decreased somewhat more than RNA. In preliminary experiments the activity of DNA dependent DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase from regressing tumor was compared with the same enzyme in growing tumor. The specific activity of both RNA and DNA polymerase was decreased in the regressing tumor. In target tissue like uterus stimulation with estradiol results in an increased rate of synthesis of several species of RNA. In the tumor system used in these preliminary experiments, stimulation with estrogens has a greater effect on the synthesis of DNA than RNA. / Medicine, Faculty of / Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of / Graduate

Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2017-07-03T13:50:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Gustavo_Soares.pdf: 1299556 bytes, checksum: ad8cc418a374949c2ca8b67d1bc17997 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-07-03T17:53:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Gustavo_Soares.pdf: 1299556 bytes, checksum: ad8cc418a374949c2ca8b67d1bc17997 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-03T17:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Gustavo_Soares.pdf: 1299556 bytes, checksum: ad8cc418a374949c2ca8b67d1bc17997 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Os neoplasmas estão entre as afecções de maior importância na medicina humana e veterinária. Entre as diretrizes terapêuticas mais utilizadas está a administração de agentes antineoplásicos como a carboplatina, a qual é eficaz no tratamento de carcinomas, entretanto possui efeitos colaterais, como a mielossupressão e a liberação excessiva de radicais livres. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o balanço oxidativo de cães submetidos a quimioterapia, assim como a utilização dos extratos aquosos de Triticum aestivum (trigo) e de Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HRS) como adjuvante na terapia antineoplásica com carboplatina em modelo murino. Para avaliação do balanço oxidativo em caninos foram selecionados oito cães, quatro com câncer e quatro hígidos, sendo mensurada a atividade da Paraoxanase 1 (PON1) no momento que antecedeu a aplicação do agente antineoplásico (dia 0) e sete dias após a aplicação (dia 7). Foi constatado que no dia zero os pacientes oncológicos caninos (G1) apresentaram menor atividade da PON1 do que os cães do (G2) (p<0,05), além disso, a atividade dessa enzima foi ainda mais comprometida após a administração de fármacos antineoplásicos (p<0,05), sugerindo a necessidade de administração de compostos antioxidantes para esses pacientes. Para avaliar o potencial dos extratos aquosos de trigo e HRS como adjuvantes na terapia antineoplásica, foram utilizadas 48 ratas, aleatoriamente distribuídas em seis grupos: G1 - testemunha tratado com solução fisiológica; G2 - controle tratado com solução fisiológica; G3 - tratado com 100 mg/kg de extrato aquoso de trigo; G4 - tratado com 400 mg/kg de extrato aquoso de trigo; G5 - tratado com 125mg/kg de extrato aquoso de HRS; e G6 - tratado com 250mg/kg de extrato aquoso de HRS. Administrou-se 300 mg/m² de carboplatina por via intraperitoneal no dia 0 nos grupos G2, G3, G4, G5 e G6, enquanto o G1 recebeu 1mL de solução fisiológica pela mesma via. Os animais foram tratados diariamente durante 21 dias por gavagem orogástrica de acordo com seu grupo experimental. Foi coletado sangue dos animais para realização de hemograma e avaliação dos parâmetros bioquímicos alanina aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, ureia e creatinina nos dias três, sete e 21, com a avaliação da atividade da Paroxanase 1 no dia três. No dia 21 foi realizada a eutanásia das ratas e coletado aspirados da medula óssea para realização do mielograma e fragmentos do rim e do fígado para análise histológica. Os efeitos adversos da carboplatina foram confirmados pelas alterações observadas no G2 quando comparado ao G1. Foram observados resultados promissores com relação ao balanço oxidativo no G3, G4, G5 e G6, devido aos animais desse grupo apresentarem atividade da PON1 superior ao G2 (p<0,05). Os mesmos grupos apresentaram contagem de leucócitos totais superiores ao G2, sendo significativamente superior no G4, G5 e G6 no dia 21 (p<0,05). Os mielogramas dos animais tratados com extratos vegetais não apresentaram as evidentes alterações de parâmetros que foram observadas no G2 (queda de células eritróides e aumento de neutrófilos segmentados e promielócitos) (p<0,05), indicando uma compensação do efeito da carboplatina. Os parâmetros bioquímicos e histopatológicos avaliados encontravam-se dentro do esperado para espécie em todos os animais. Nas condições deste estudo, os extratos aquosos de trigo e Hibiscus rosa-sinensis mostraram-se seguros nas doses utilizadas e uteis no tratamento da mielossupressão e liberação excessiva de radicais livres induzidas pelo fármaco carboplatina. / Cancer is one of the most important diseases in human and veterinary medicine. Among the most commonly used therapeutic guidelines is the administration of anticancer agents such as carboplatin, which is effective in treating carcinomas, but has side effects such as myelosuppression and excessive release of free radicals. This study proposed to assess the oxidative balance of dogs undergoing chemotherapy, as well as the use of aqueous extracts of wheat and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HRS) as adjuvants to antineoplastic therapy with carboplatin in rats. To assess the oxidative balance of dogs, eight animals were selected, four cancer patients and four healthy witnesses, and the seric Paraoxanase 1 (PON1) activity was measured before and after the application of antineoplastic agents. Cancer patients were found to exhibit lower activity of PON1 (p<0.05), furthermore, the activity of this enzyme was further compromised after the administration of anticancer drugs (p<0.05). To assess the potential of aqueous extracts of wheat and HRS as adjuvants in antineoplastic therapy, 48 rats were randomly divided into six groups: G1 - witness treated with saline solution; G2 - control treated with saline solution; G3 - treated with 100 mg/kg of wheat aqueous extract; G4 - treated with 400 mg/kg of wheat aqueous extract; G5 - treated with 125mg/kg of HRS aqueous extract; and G6 - treated with 250 mg/kg of HRS aqueous extract. Three hundred mg/m² of carboplatin was administered intraperitoneally on day zero in groups G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6, while the G1 received 1mL of saline. The animals were treated daily for 21 days by orogastric gavage according to their experimental group. Blood samples were collected from animals for CBC, and blood biochemistry on days three, seven, and 21, Paroxanase1 was assessed on day three. On day 21 the animals were euthanaized and bone marrow, kidney, liver tissues were collected. The adverse effects of carboplatin were confirmed by the changes observed in G2 when compared to G1. Promising results were observed with respect to the oxidative balance in G3, G4, G5 and G6. Animals in these groups present activity of the PON 1 higher than the G2 (p <0.05). The same groups had higher counts of total leukocytes than G2, being significantly higher in G4, G5, and G6 on day 21 (p <0.05). The myelograms of animals treated with plant extracts did not show the overt parameter changes that were observed in G2 (reduction of erythroid cells and increased segmented neutrophils and promyelocytes) (p<0.05), indicating a compensation of the effect of carboplatin . Biochemical and histopathological parameters were within the expected range for the species in all animals. In our study, the aqueous extracts of wheat and HRS proved to be safe at the doses used and useful in the treatment of myelosuppression and excessive release of free radicals induced by the drug carboplatin.

<p><b>Purpose.</b> The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a low fat, low lactose diet on acute and late gastrointestinal side effects of pelvic radiotherapy. We also wanted to evaluate if such a treatment would influence the patients health related quality of life (HRQOL) in any way.</p><p><b>Background</b>. Cancer therapies and their side effects may cause nutritional problems and malnutrition. Pelvic radiotherapy, a common treatment modality for patients with carcinoma of the endometrium or cervix, is associated with both acute and late side effects that may affect nutritional status. Acute injury may lead to impaired absorption of nutrients and fluid. The patients experience diarrhoea, weight loss, nausea and vomiting. Bile salt malabsorption may be a factor in the pathogenesis of the diarrhoea. In cases of bile salt malabsorption a low fat diet will cause decreased bile salt excretion and thereby relief of symptoms. This assumption was evaluated in a small, non-randomised study in 1985. The results indicated that a low fat diet may reduce the frequency of diarrhoea and use of anti-diarrhoeal agents during radiotherapy. These findings were regarded as promising and since nutrition management guidelines for radiation enteritis were lacking in the literature, a clinical trial was planned.</p><p><b>Methods</b>. The study was designed as an open randomised clinical trial and conducted at the Norwegian Radium Hospital (NRH). The intervention diet (low fat, low lactose) was to be followed during and six weeks after radiotherapy. Measurements were performed at basement, the 3rd and last week of radiotherapy, six week after and then every 8th week. The entire period was one year. In November 1993 the surviving patients were approached again and asked to complete a questionnaire package similar to the one completed during the clinical trial. The study population was recruited from the department of gynaecology at NRH. The main selection criteria were pelvic radiotherapy (dose above 40 Gy) age = 75 years and a WHO functional status = 2. Patients were consecutive included from May 1988 through May 1990 and 143 women were included. Seventy-one were assigned to the intervention diet and 72 to the control group. In November 1993, 94 women were alive without any known relapse and 79 (84%) accepted participation. The women registered use of Loperamid and the daily number and consistency of bowel movements. The data on bowel movements was categorised and used to evaluate if diarrhoea was present or not. Nutritional status was evaluated by the means of weight development, arm muscle circumference (AMC), serum transferring (STF) and serum albumin (s-Alb). Dietary intake was assessed by 48-hour recall prior to radiotherapy, 4-days unweighed dietary record during radiotherapy and 7-days weighed dietary records during follow-up. 24-hour urinary nitrogen was used to validate the food records. HRQOL was defined as the patients' self-reported subjective physical and psychosocial situation as a consequence of disease and treatment. It was measured with the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire 36-item version (EORTC QLQ-C36).</p><p><b>Results</b>. During the last week of radiotherapy 14 patients (23%) in the intervention group and 32 (48%) in the control group reported diarrhoea (p< 0.01). The intervention group also used less anti-diarrhoea medication than the control group, 0.6 tablets per day versus 1.1 (p<0.01). Six weeks after end of radiotherapy, no group differences were found with regard to bowel movements or medication. The intervention group had a lower energy intake than the control group during radiotherapy, 5.7 MJ versus 6.5 MJ (p<0.05). The mean daily fat intake was respectively 34.3 g and 60.1 g (p<0.001). The intervention group received a significant lower part of the energy from milk products, meats, fats and sugar than the control group, and consumed more energy from vegetables and fruits, cereals and fish. Weight loss was more pronounced in the intervention group (mean reduction of 2.6 kg versus 1.7 kg) than in the control group (ns) during treatment. Mean values of AMC, s-Alb and STF were within the reference range in both groups during the entire observation period. During the last week of radiotherapy six patients (9%) in the intervention group and 4 (6%) in the control group were mildly depleted (ns). At 12 weeks and after one year none of the patients could be categorised as malnourished. No major differences in HRQOL were found between the two groups during radiotherapy and one-year follow up. Within the control group an association between diarrhoea and deteriorated role functioning, physical functioning and fatigue was found during the last week of radiotherapy that was not found in the intervention group. Regarding late effects of radiotherapy (3-4 years after radiotherapy) both groups had more diarrhoea than in the general population, 23.8 versus 9.5 (p<0.01). There was however a tendency to more pronounced diarrhoea in the control group (29.6 (SD=27.3)) than in the intervention group (19.4 (SD=25.4)) though not statistical significant. Substantial diarrhoea was associated deteriorated SF and fatigue. </p><p><b>Conclusions</b>. The intervention group had less diarrhoea and used less Loperamide during radiotherapy than the control group. This finding did not affect nutritional status since no differences in nutritional status were found between the two groups. Both groups had a reduced energy intake and weight loss during radiotherapy. In the control group diarrhoea increased fatigue and had negative effects on physical functioning and role functioning. The intervention did not lead to differences in late radiation injury and chronic diarrhoea 3-4 years after treatment but diarrhoea was most prominent in the control group. Diarrhoea as a late effect increased fatigue and had a negative influence on social well being.</p>

<b>Purpose.</b> The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a low fat, low lactose diet on acute and late gastrointestinal side effects of pelvic radiotherapy. We also wanted to evaluate if such a treatment would influence the patients health related quality of life (HRQOL) in any way. <b>Background</b>. Cancer therapies and their side effects may cause nutritional problems and malnutrition. Pelvic radiotherapy, a common treatment modality for patients with carcinoma of the endometrium or cervix, is associated with both acute and late side effects that may affect nutritional status. Acute injury may lead to impaired absorption of nutrients and fluid. The patients experience diarrhoea, weight loss, nausea and vomiting. Bile salt malabsorption may be a factor in the pathogenesis of the diarrhoea. In cases of bile salt malabsorption a low fat diet will cause decreased bile salt excretion and thereby relief of symptoms. This assumption was evaluated in a small, non-randomised study in 1985. The results indicated that a low fat diet may reduce the frequency of diarrhoea and use of anti-diarrhoeal agents during radiotherapy. These findings were regarded as promising and since nutrition management guidelines for radiation enteritis were lacking in the literature, a clinical trial was planned. <b>Methods</b>. The study was designed as an open randomised clinical trial and conducted at the Norwegian Radium Hospital (NRH). The intervention diet (low fat, low lactose) was to be followed during and six weeks after radiotherapy. Measurements were performed at basement, the 3rd and last week of radiotherapy, six week after and then every 8th week. The entire period was one year. In November 1993 the surviving patients were approached again and asked to complete a questionnaire package similar to the one completed during the clinical trial. The study population was recruited from the department of gynaecology at NRH. The main selection criteria were pelvic radiotherapy (dose above 40 Gy) age = 75 years and a WHO functional status = 2. Patients were consecutive included from May 1988 through May 1990 and 143 women were included. Seventy-one were assigned to the intervention diet and 72 to the control group. In November 1993, 94 women were alive without any known relapse and 79 (84%) accepted participation. The women registered use of Loperamid and the daily number and consistency of bowel movements. The data on bowel movements was categorised and used to evaluate if diarrhoea was present or not. Nutritional status was evaluated by the means of weight development, arm muscle circumference (AMC), serum transferring (STF) and serum albumin (s-Alb). Dietary intake was assessed by 48-hour recall prior to radiotherapy, 4-days unweighed dietary record during radiotherapy and 7-days weighed dietary records during follow-up. 24-hour urinary nitrogen was used to validate the food records. HRQOL was defined as the patients' self-reported subjective physical and psychosocial situation as a consequence of disease and treatment. It was measured with the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire 36-item version (EORTC QLQ-C36). <b>Results</b>. During the last week of radiotherapy 14 patients (23%) in the intervention group and 32 (48%) in the control group reported diarrhoea (p&lt; 0.01). The intervention group also used less anti-diarrhoea medication than the control group, 0.6 tablets per day versus 1.1 (p&lt;0.01). Six weeks after end of radiotherapy, no group differences were found with regard to bowel movements or medication. The intervention group had a lower energy intake than the control group during radiotherapy, 5.7 MJ versus 6.5 MJ (p&lt;0.05). The mean daily fat intake was respectively 34.3 g and 60.1 g (p&lt;0.001). The intervention group received a significant lower part of the energy from milk products, meats, fats and sugar than the control group, and consumed more energy from vegetables and fruits, cereals and fish. Weight loss was more pronounced in the intervention group (mean reduction of 2.6 kg versus 1.7 kg) than in the control group (ns) during treatment. Mean values of AMC, s-Alb and STF were within the reference range in both groups during the entire observation period. During the last week of radiotherapy six patients (9%) in the intervention group and 4 (6%) in the control group were mildly depleted (ns). At 12 weeks and after one year none of the patients could be categorised as malnourished. No major differences in HRQOL were found between the two groups during radiotherapy and one-year follow up. Within the control group an association between diarrhoea and deteriorated role functioning, physical functioning and fatigue was found during the last week of radiotherapy that was not found in the intervention group. Regarding late effects of radiotherapy (3-4 years after radiotherapy) both groups had more diarrhoea than in the general population, 23.8 versus 9.5 (p&lt;0.01). There was however a tendency to more pronounced diarrhoea in the control group (29.6 (SD=27.3)) than in the intervention group (19.4 (SD=25.4)) though not statistical significant. Substantial diarrhoea was associated deteriorated SF and fatigue. <b>Conclusions</b>. The intervention group had less diarrhoea and used less Loperamide during radiotherapy than the control group. This finding did not affect nutritional status since no differences in nutritional status were found between the two groups. Both groups had a reduced energy intake and weight loss during radiotherapy. In the control group diarrhoea increased fatigue and had negative effects on physical functioning and role functioning. The intervention did not lead to differences in late radiation injury and chronic diarrhoea 3-4 years after treatment but diarrhoea was most prominent in the control group. Diarrhoea as a late effect increased fatigue and had a negative influence on social well being.

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-06T17:59:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 christianemariameureralves.pdf: 1154792 bytes, checksum: 93b03559e6d95acbb4dbb3661f857e03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-07T12:14:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 christianemariameureralves.pdf: 1154792 bytes, checksum: 93b03559e6d95acbb4dbb3661f857e03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-07T12:14:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 christianemariameureralves.pdf: 1154792 bytes, checksum: 93b03559e6d95acbb4dbb3661f857e03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-13 / Introdução: O câncer de colo de útero, desde a década de 50, dispõe de um exame capaz de detectá-lo em fase incipiente e curável. A disponibilidade do teste de Papanicolaou parece ser a principal motivação para a queda de mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero em vários países ao redor do mundo. Buscou-se com este estudo avaliar o comportamento da mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero e útero porção não especificada, no período de 1980-2005, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Optou-se pela utilização de modelo de regressão linear e pela abordagem idadeperíodo-coorte. Material e Métodos: Foram coletados os dados de óbito e população disponíveis no DATASUS. Para avaliação da tendência de mortalidade por idade e período, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão linear; as taxas também foram log-transformadas para que se obtivesse o percentual de mudança da mortalidade por ano. A análise período-coorte foi feita através do método não paramétrico de Tarone e Chu. Resultados: Encontrou-se queda na mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero e útero porção não especificada para a análise idade e período. A redução foi principalmente relacionada com os casos de câncer de útero porção não especificada. Na análise idade-período-coorte houve redução menor que a esperada para as coortes de 1901-1908 e 1921-1928. Houve redução maior que a esperada para as coortes de 1913-1920, 1929-1932, 1937-1946, 1949-1956, 19631970 e 1969-1976. Encontrou-se ainda redução maior que a esperada para o período de 2000-2001. Conclusão: Foi evidenciada a redução da mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero e útero porção não especificada no Estado de Minas Gerais no período estudado. Os achados mostram influência das coortes de nascimento sobre a queda da mortalidade. / Introduction: Cervical cancer has had since the fifties, an exam capable of detecting it in its early and curable stage. The availability of the Papanicolaou smear test seems to be the principal reason for the fall in the mortality due to cervical cancer in many countries throughout the world. The aim of this study was to assess the trends of the mortality due to cervical cancer and uterus not otherwise specified (NOS) in the period from 1980-2005, in the state of Minas Gerais. We opted for the model of linear regression and the age-period-cohort approach. Material and Methods: Data related to death and population available at DATASUS were collected. To assess the tendency of mortality by age and period the approach of linear regression was used; the taxes were also log transformed in order to obtain the percentage of change in the mortality by year. The period-cohort analysis was carried out using Tarone & Chu’s non parametric method. Results: A reduction in the mortality due to cervical cancer and uterus not otherwise specified (NOS) for the age and period analyzed was found. The reduction was mainly related with the cases of cancer of uterus not otherwise specified (NOS). In the age-period-cohort analysis the reduction was less than expected for the cohorts from 1901-1908 and 1921-1928. There was a reduction bigger than expected for the cohorts from 1913-1920, 1929-1932, 1937-1946, 19491956, 1963-1970 and 1969-1976. It was also found a bigger reduction than expected for the period from 2000-2001. Conclusion: The reduction in the mortality due to cervical cancer and uterus not otherwise specified (NOS) in the state of Minas Gerais was unmistakable in the period studied. The findings show the influence of the birth cohorts over the decrease in mortality.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This doctoral thesis involved the study of ocular and periocular diseases affecting domestic animals, and included one manuscript about lesions of surgical pathology and one manuscript about hyphema in dogs and cats submitted to necropsy. In the first part, 33,075 reports of hystopathological exams performed in a veterinary pathology diagnostic laboratory in the Central Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, over 50 years. From the total amount, 540 (1.6%) concerned ocular and periocular lesions. For various reasons ninety specimens were excluded from the study, 450 remaining. More than half of all cases consisted of samples from dogs (53.5%), followed by cattle (28.2%), cats (11.1%), horses (5.1%) sheep (1.3%), rabbits (0.4%), and pig (0.2%). The eyelids were the most prevalent (248/450) site of lesions in each of the species studied, followed by third eyelid (73/450), and conjunctiva (27/450). In dogs lesions in sebaceous glands were the most common findings (75/241), followed by melanocytic tumors and nonspecific conjunctivitis. In cattle, anatomical sites affected by ocular and periocular lesions, in decreasing order of frequency, were eyelid, cornea and third eyelid. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) alone accounted for 80.3% of all lesions diagnosed in cattle. Neoplasia accounted for most of the lesions diagnosed in cats (39/50 cases); all of these were malignant, and SCC, hemangiosarcoma and fibrosarcoma were the most common types diagnosed. In horses, 19 out of 23 submissions were neoplasms and most were sarcoid (8/23) and SCC (8/23). In sheep, all samples represented SCC of the eyelids (5) and third eyelid (1). For the second manuscript, cases of hyphema in dogs and cats submitted to necropsy were examined. Twenty cases, 14 dogs and six cats of several ages and breeds and of both sexes were included in the study. Hyphema presented as a unilateral (14 cases out of 20) or bilateral (6/20) disorder in dogs and cats and extension of hemorrhage varied from minimal to diffuse. Hyphema was secondary to systemic disease (15/20) or occurred as a primary ocular lesion (5/20) in four dogs and one cat. Primary hyphema was always unilateral. In four of these cases, the cause of hyphema was trauma and remaining case was caused by phacoclastic uveitis in a dog with bilateral hypermature cataract. Various causes of bleeding disorders were found related to secondary hyphema: in decreasing order of frequency, they included vasculitis (8/15), systemic hypertension (5/15), and acquired coagulopathies (2/15). / Esta tese envolveu o estudo de doenças oculares e perioculares de animais domésticos, e incluiu um artigo sobre lesões de patologia cirúrgica e um artigo sobre hifema em cães e gatos submetidos à necropsia. Para o primeiro trabalho, foram examinados 33.075 laudos de exames histopatológicos realizados num laboratório de diagnóstico de patologia veterinária na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul durante 50 anos. Destes, 540 (1,6%) eram de lesões oculares e perioculares. Por várias razões, 90 espécimes foram excluídos do estudo, restando 450. Mais da metade dos casos correspondiam a espécimes de cães (53,5%), seguidos por bovinos (28,2%), gatos (11,1%), cavalos (5,1%), ovelhas (1,3%), coelhos (0,4%), e porco (0,2%). As pálpebras foram o local mais prevalente (248/450) de ocorrência das lesões em cada uma das espécies, seguidas da terceira pálpebra (73/450) e conjuntiva (27/450). Em cães, as lesões nas glândulas sebáceas consistiram nos achados mais comuns, seguidos dos tumores melanocíticos e de conjuntivites inespecíficas. Em bovinos, os locais anatômicos afetados por lesões perioculares e oculares, em ordem decrescente de frequência, foram pálpebra, córnea e terceira pálpebra. Somente o carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) perfez 80,3% de todas as lesões diagnosticadas em bovinos. Em gatos, a maioria (39/50 casos) das lesões diagnosticadas era de neoplasia maligna, e CCE hemangiossarcoma e fibrosarcoma foram os diagnósticos mais frequentes. Em equinos 19 de 23 submissões eram neoplasmas e os mais comuns foram sarcoide (8/23) e CCE (8/23). Em ovinos, todas as amostras correspondiam a casos de CCE de pálpebra (5/6) ou terceira pálpebra (1/6). Para o segundo trabalho, casos de hifema em cães e gatos submetidos à necropsia foram examinados. Vintes casos, 14 cães e seis gatos de várias idades e raças e de ambos os sexos foram incluídos no estudo. O hifema teve uma apresentação unilateral (14 casos dos 20) ou bilateral (6/20), e a extensão da hemorragia variou de mínima a difusa. O hifema era secundário à doença sistêmica (15/20) ou ocorreu como lesão ocular primária em cinco dos 20 casos (quatro cães e um gato). O hifema primário foi sempre unilateral; a causa foi traumatismo em quatro desses casos, e o caso restante foi causado por uveíte facoclástica em um cão com catarata hipermadura bilateral. Várias causas de distúrbios hemorrágicos foram encontradas em relação ao hifema secundário: em ordem decrescente de frequência foram: vasculite (8/15), hipertensão sistêmica (5/15) e coagulopatias adquiridas (2/15).

Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2016-09-21T16:39:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_daniela_silva.pdf: 1064609 bytes, checksum: 8a6b89b15f9df72c182d7fe50c38554f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-21T16:49:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_daniela_silva.pdf: 1064609 bytes, checksum: 8a6b89b15f9df72c182d7fe50c38554f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T16:49:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_daniela_silva.pdf: 1064609 bytes, checksum: 8a6b89b15f9df72c182d7fe50c38554f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O presente trabalho é constituído por estudos que visam avaliar potenciais marcadores prognósticos para tumores mamários caninos. Realizou-se um levantamento retrospectivo dos dados do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) acerca da casuística de dados clínico-patológicos de paciente com tumores mamários em diferentes períodos entre 2000-2012. A dissertação está apresentada na forma de dois artigos científicos. O primeiro artigo consiste da avalição do valor prognóstico do método de graduação de Elston e Ellis (1991). Foram avaliados 218 tumores. Verificou-se que a relação entre o tipo de tumor e tempo de sobrevida dos pacientes foi significativo (p<0,0001); que a maioria dos tumores pertenciam ao grau II (77/144-53.52%) e o grau tumoral influencia no tempo de sobrevida (p<0,0447). No segundo artigo estudou-se a possibilidade do uso da mensuração da densidade microvascular como fator prognóstico em tumores mamários caninos. Inicialmente dois métodos diferentes de mensuração de densidade vascular (campos aleatórios e hot-spot) foram avaliados e demonstrou-se que são equivalentes. Verificou-se que tanto a contagem de campos aleatórios ou contagem em áreas de intensa proliferação vascular apresentam resultados similares. Nos 218 neoplasmas avaliados não houve relação significativa entre o tipo histológico e o grau em relação a mensuração densidade microvascular, avaliadas pelos 2 métodos. Tumores de grau I apresentaram mais vasos que os de grau II e III. Conclui-se que no presente trabalho os carcinossarcomas foram os tumores mais prevalentes na casuística avaliada; que a associação do tipo e grau histológico tem valor prognóstico, enquanto que densidade microvascular não é um bom fator prognóstico para tumores mamários caninos. / This manuscript aims evaluate potential morphological prognostic factors to canine mammary tumors. Retrospective chart reviews of data from the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory were carried out to obtain the clinical and pathological features of the patients and mammary tumors in different periods from 2000 to 2012. The dissertation will be presented as two scientific manuscripts. The first manuscript aims the evaluation of the prognostic graduation method of Elston e Ellis (1991). A total of 218 tumors were evaluated. The relationship between tumor type and survival time were significant (p<0.0001). It was observed a preponderance of grade II (77/144-53.52%) tumors and also that the tumor grade can influence survival time (p<0.0447). The second manuscript evaluates the microvascular density as a prognostic factor in canine mammary tumors. Initially, two methods of mensuration (aleatory fields and hot spot) were evaluated and proved to be equivalent. In the 218 tumors evaluated no significant results were obtained in the comparison of histologic type or tumor grade with microvascular density evaluated by both methods. Grade I tumors presented more vessels than grade II or III tumors. It was possible to conclude that carcinosarcomas are the prevalent tumor type; association between tumor type and histologic grade could be used as prognostic factor. Microvascular density not consists in a good prognostic factor.

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.