Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Spanish kings conferred on their viceroys in the Indies the prerogative of extending largesse to subjects. A distinction is often made between rewards accorded to those who merited recognition and to members of the viceroy’s entourage: servants, relatives, and close collaborators who had traveled with them. However, a case study of the Marquis of Montesclaros’ patronage during his administration in Peru reveals the nuances in this dichotomy, among other things, that nepotism involved marriage strategies intended to incorporate selected servants into the local elite. / El ejercicio de la liberalidad era una facultad propia del monarca español que en los territorios indianos se confió a los virreyes por su proximidad con los súbditos residentes en América. Habitualmente, se ha contrapuesto la exigencia de premiar a los beneméritos con las provisiones virreinales a los miembros de sus cohortes, aquellos criados, parientes y allegados que habían viajado con los virreyes a América. Mediante el estudio de caso del poder remunerador del marqués de Montesclaros durante su gobierno peruano, se trata de matizar esta dicotomía mostrando, entre otras cosas, que el nepotismo virreinal incluyó una política matrimonial que tuvo como objetivo la integración de algunos criados en la elite limeña.

India’s National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) is a unique initiative in the history of state sponsored social security interventions, which guarantees at least 100 days of employment on local public works to anyone who demands for it. NREGS is in operation since 2006. This is world’s largest public-works programme ever, covering around 45 million households every year. Launching of the NREGS indicates a renewal of importance of public-works programme in the global South during the last decade. After 9 years of its continued implementation, there seems to be a dearth of systematic and scientific studies based on grassroots primary survey on how this programme is being implemented and why there is a renewed interest around this programme among the academics and development practitioners across the world. This thesis therefore seeks to understand i) what impacts NREGS created at the household level and ii) the political economy behind its implementation. This thesis comprises of three essays or chapters. Chapter1 and Chapter 3 are based on a threewave household-level longitudinal primary dataset and Chapter 2 is based on a threewave village-level longitudinal primary dataset. All the surveys were conducted between the period 2009 and 2012 in West Bengal state of India. First core chapter of this thesis addresses the research question: what are the impacts of the NREGS participation on household level economic variables and whether participation in NREGS can work as a proxy for collateral in accessing the informal credit for consumption smoothing? Second core chapter addresses the research question: whether the Village Council level ruling political party preferentially allocates the NREGS fund to optimise its chances re-election. Third core chapter addresses the research question: whether there is any non-poor capture of NREGS and whether households’ explicit political affiliation with the ruling party matters in obtaining any extra dividend under NREGS.

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For a long time, Sweden, as an administrative nation, has held a high international reputation from various perspectives. One of the primary perspectives has been regarding the transparency and impartiality of Swedish administrations. However, in recent times, the question of whether Sweden is more corrupt than previously believed has become a subject of public debate. Transparency and impartiality have undoubtedly been called into question, making it interesting to study the potential occurrence of corruption within Swedish administrations. This study focuses on public procurement, which is the part of Swedish administrations that generates the most revenue, making it interesting from a corruption perspective. The purpose of this study is to examine how public procurers define corruption and how they view the subject in general. To do this, we use two research questions: How do officials define and interpret the concept of corruption, and how can it be relevant in combating potential corruption risks? Also, how do officials perceive the corruption issue based on the public's and the academic community's views on public procurement? The study is conducted using a qualitative method in the form of interview responses from 4 selected officials from different municipalities. The interview material is analyzed using ideal types to categorize the officials' opinions. The results of this study provide an insight, among other things, into the fact that the interviewed officials have some difficulty defining what constitutes corruption. The outcome of this study indicates certain aspects of the officials' thoughts and opinions, which is a topic in the research field that we have so far found relatively unexplored. Hopefully, this study can contribute to raising awareness of the subject and pave the way for further research.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Owners of family businesses in the private sector must be cognizant of nepotism to reduce skilled employee turnover. Guided by Herzberg two-factor theory as the conceptual framework, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies used by family owned and operated business leaders to minimize nepotistic practices that reduce skilled nonfamily employees' voluntary turnover. The population for this study included 3 family owned and operated funeral establishments in the Midwest region of St. Louis, Missouri. These participants had sustained their family businesses longer than 5 years while minimizing skilled nonfamily employees' voluntary turnover. Data were collected from semistructured face-to-face interviews, the review of proprietary documents, and public information. Data analysis included a 5-step process: compiling the data, disassembling the data into common codes, reassembling the data into themes, interpreting their meaning, and then reporting the themes. Member checking and methodological triangulation increased the trustworthiness of interpretations. Five themes emerged from the data analysis: work environment, effective communication, education and training, promotion opportunities, and policies and procedures. The implications for social change include (a) reducing nepotistic employment practices in family owned and operated businesses; (b) increasing economic growth potential while simultaneously benefiting employees, families, and communities; and (c) decreasing the unemployment rate. Family owned and operated business leaders can use the results of this study to implement change and to motivate and retain their skilled nonfamily employees.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Avhandlingen handlar om dynastier eller om familjer som under minst tre generationer ägt och lett företag tillsammans. Vad menar dessa familjeföretagare när de talar om att de har ett arv och en tradition att föra vidare? Boken grundar sig på en studie av familjen Bonniers företagande och diskuterar hur familjen med tiden betraktar företaget som en släktklenod. Klenoden omfattar inte bara ett ekonomiskt arv utan även kulturellt, socialt och symboliskt arv. Likaså belyses hur familjen, ingifta och anställda deltar i generationsskiftet beroende på vilket arv som överförs. Hemmet synliggörs som en arena för familjens företagsledning genom barnafödande, äktenskap, representation och utbildning av nästa generation. Avslutningsvis diskuteras hur nepotism kan förstås som en strategi för att återskapa släktklenoden. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk. Behandlar även familjen Bonnier</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BDTD - trabalhos retidos.docx: 11621 bytes, checksum: 0452b8296967440b491d0b515ed6814d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / From the observation that a significant portion of the management of public servants is provided by people who have no ties to the government, the paper detects that the formation of the Brazilian public service is tied to the structure of the patrimonial state, whose roots lie in the absence of a clear distinction between public and private sectors.Analysis of articles pertaining to the recruitment of servers along the country's constitutional history concludes that, while the merit system has been since long date elected as primate requirement of accessibility, secondary forms of admission were always disciplined by it s side, whose criteria were less close to the competence of the appointed professional, rather than the interests of the administrator. Even after the advent of the 1988 Constitution, despite the feeling of a strong apparatus of accessibility on the basis of qualification, that can be checked by public selection, in practice, other mechanisms provide, under the form of legal standards, a broad spectrum of human resources recruitment on the margin of isonomic selection. The paper reports that, after the promulgation of the current Constitution, the first movements initiated inside the legal system in order to combat the distribution of staff positions concentrated on the proscription of favoritism to relatives, a theme that is focused from the first prohibitive rules released on standards on the organization of the Labor Court to culminate in the issue of Stare Decisis nº 13 by the Supreme Court. Analyzing the entry, the paper recognizes, despite the inaccuracies extracted from the text, that it is an important signaling towards the professionalization of public service, a task that will still require combat to other kinds of privileges, not restricted to the nuclear family. For all this, consider pressing the exercise of citizenship in its horizontal dimension, which implies the involvement of individuals in matters of interest to the community, whose actions inform to come from arise from within the bureaucratic structure of the state, the modeling of a public service that reveals transparency, equity and efficiency. / A partir da constatação de que uma parcela expressiva dos quadros de servidores públicos é provida por pessoas que não possuem vínculo com a Administração Pública, o trabalho detecta que a formação do serviço público brasileiro está atrelada à estrutura patrimonialista do Estado, cujas raízes jazem na ausência de distinção clara entre o público e o privado. Da análise dos artigos pertinentes ao recrutamento de servidores ao longo da história constitucional do país, deduz que, embora o sistema de mérito tenha sido eleito desde vetusta data como requisito primaz de acessibilidade, ao seu lado sempre foram disciplinadas formas secundárias de admissão, cujos critérios se mostravam menos próximos da aptidão profissional do indicado, do que dos interesses do administrador. Mesmo após o advento da Constituição de 1988, apesar da sensação de haver um firme aparato de acessibilidade com base na qualificação, apurável pelo concurso público, na prática, outros mecanismos fornecem, sob a forma de normas jurídicas, um amplo espectro de arregimentação de recursos humanos à margem de seleção isonômica. O trabalho informa que, após a promulgação da Carta vigente, os primeiros movimentos encetados dentro do sistema jurídico visando ao combate à distribuição pessoal de cargos se concentraram na proscrição ao favorecimento de parentes, tema que é focado a partir das primeiras regras proibitivas lançadas em normas atinentes à organização da Justiça do Trabalho, até culminar na edição da Súmula Vinculante nº 13 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Analisando o verbete sumular, o trabalho reconhece, apesar das imprecisões extraídas do texto, tratar-se de importante sinalização no sentido da profissionalização do serviço público, tarefa que ainda demandará o combate a outras espécies de privilégios, não circunscritas ao núcleo familiar. Para este desiderato, considera premente o exercício da cidadania em sua dimensão horizontal, que implica o comprometimento dos indivíduos nos assuntos de interesse da coletividade, de cujas ações informa decorrerem, no âmbito da estruturação burocrática do Estado, o modelamento de um serviço público que prime pela transparência, eqüidade e eficiência.