The European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) is species of open landscapes with solitary trees with expressive and unmistakable colour. The origin is in North Africa and southern Europe, in the Czech republic is found in southern Moravia. The expansion of this kind is shifting to the north due to changes in landscape. For European bee-eater is typical of nesting burrows in the sand wall. The aim of this thesis was to describe the biology of African species of the genus Merops, to assess the situation of nature conditions for the kind of Merops apiaster, to describe the breeding of this species in captivity and to evaluate the success existing rearings in selected breeding institutions. In this thesis was described the breeding of European Bee-eater in Vienna Zoo, Dresden Zoo and Frankfurt Zoo, the breeding of Northern Carmine Bee-eater (Merops nubicus) in Zoo in Plzeň and the breeding of White-fronted Bee-eater (Merops bullocoides) in Vienna Zoo. Farther was described the breeding of all three species in private breeding of Mr. Drozdek in the Český Rudolec.

The purpose of this study was observing the Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinose virenticeps) in the open air nature, also the study found out their eating and nesting habits. Description of behavior in their natural environment and a description of the habitat in the study area. Monitoring, which took place at the census was made 3 weeks in September 2015. Other investigations in which observation was focused on finding nesting cavities and bird watching in the stream and this was performed three weeks in February 2016. Observation was carried out in Costa Rica on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea in the nature reserve Gandoca Manzanillo. Part of the observations was the liner census of Mealy Parrots with the use of the Passau methods to chart a path along the road leading from the village of Manzanillo to Puerto Vijejo. Length of the strip to the census was fixed at 2.1km about the width of 250m. At the counting was found out how Mealy Parrots was fed and what type of food. Also there was observe at what time Mealy Parrots swoop for food, and what trees were occupying them and in which part of tree crowns they were sitting in. Other research showed their behavior in the presence of other birds and other animals and how they were behaving in danger of predators. In another part of observing, that took place in February 2016 was searched two nests in tree hollows (Manilkara zapota) and (Pterocarpus officinalis). Only in one of the nesting cavity was found one egg, which was measured.

The aim of the study was to determine the consequences of elephant (Loxodonta africana) impact on selected nesting sites of avian fauna and other species in the Associated Private Nature Reserves. The study also aimed at answering key questions on how the architecture of trees influence nest site suitability and what landscape features affect nest site location. Furthermore the type of impact that elephants have on specific nesting sites was determined and how this would affect the short term persistence of these trees. The facillitatory role of elephants was examined by looking at the type of impact that produces gum exudants as well as what gum is selected for by primates and whether primary branch breaking may lead to the creation of nesting sites for species such as the southern ground hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri). / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1892.pdf: 22355304 bytes, checksum: 085115e10ed2bcac989d623a3ecd668a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-26 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The importance of agroecologic transition for the agricultural nesting in the agrarian reform it s as an alternative front to the economic situation, in the recovery of degraded areas, the balance of agroecosystems and the viability of alimentary agricultural production to attend the needs of the families. The objective of this research was to analyze the agroecologic transition in the agricultural nesting Pirituba farm, in the cities of Itapeva and Itaberá, SP. The used methodology was the research-action and bibliographies. In the field work participative methodologies and half-structuralized interviews had been used. Five groups of agroecologic experimentation, the pointers of sustainability and the phases of each experimental agroecologic transition was identified and analyzed. It was shown that some families had interest in proceed in the agroecologic transition and that some areas demonstrated potential for agroecologic production. However, the continuity of these practices is compromised by some factors representing challenges for the families and also for the public policy of sustainable agricultural development. This work presents the perceptions, practice and perspective for the agroecologic transition in the agricultural nesting Pirituba Farm. / A importância da proposta da transição agroecológica no contexto dos assentamentos rurais se encontra na possibilidade da alternativa frente à atual situação econômica, na recuperação de áreas degradadas, na busca pelo equilíbrio dos agroecossistemas e na viabilidade de produção agrícola para atender as demandas alimentares das próprias famílias assentadas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a questão da transição agroecológica no assentamento rural Fazenda Pirituba, nos municípios de Itapeva e Itaberá (SP). O arcabouço metodológico foi baseado na pesquisa ação e em levantamentos bibliográficos. Foram utilizadas metodologias participativas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas para coleta de dados na área do assentamento. Foram identificados e analisados cinco grupos envolvidos nos projetos de experimentação agroecológica, seus respectivos indicadores de sustentabilidade e as fases de transição agroecológica que cada área experimental representou. Foi possível constatar que determinadas famílias assentadas possuem interesse no avanço das práticas produtivas nas escalas do processo de transição agroecológica e respectivas áreas do assentamento se constituem em espaço potencial para a produção agroecológica. Entretanto, a continuidade das práticas agroecológicas já desenvolvidas por algumas famílias assentadas então sendo comprometidas por uma série de fatores identificados e que configuram-se como desafios para a comunidade local, bem como, para as políticas públicas que visam o desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Os dados apresentados neste trabalho compõem a análise acerca da transição agroecológica no assentamento rural Faz. Pirituba e apresenta as percepções, as práticas e as perspectivas dos diversos atores sociais envolvidos nesse processo.

Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-14T20:10:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGAF.pdf: 2448190 bytes, checksum: 08c41156c28e3e99e6284a8c18acb2d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T19:49:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGAF.pdf: 2448190 bytes, checksum: 08c41156c28e3e99e6284a8c18acb2d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-16T19:49:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGAF.pdf: 2448190 bytes, checksum: 08c41156c28e3e99e6284a8c18acb2d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T19:49:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGAF.pdf: 2448190 bytes, checksum: 08c41156c28e3e99e6284a8c18acb2d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The orchid bees have always been considered promising for studies of the evolution of social behavior and reproductive division of labor. This is due to the fact that the orchid bees are the only members not clearly eusocial in corbiculate clade. In this study, the correlation between genetic relatedness and reproductive skew was investigated in the genus Euglossa, one of the five genus of Euglossini tribe, in order to support the understanding of the evolution of reproductive division of labor in Euglossini. Among the five genera of Euglossini, Euglossa is the most suitable for studies on the evolution of reproductive division of labor, because in this genus can be found solitary, communal and primitively eusocial species. Twelve nests of Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758) were analyzed. In this species, the foundation process is solitary, but small colonies are formed during nest reactivations, with females establishing different types of associations, in which their relatedness differs. During reactivations, one of the females performs oophagy and then oviposition in brood cells previously operculated by another females, consequently leaving a larger number of offspring. The behavioral analysis associated with relatedness estimates, made through the use of microsatellite markers, indicated that the dominant female perform oophagy followed by oviposition in all operculated cells by the subordinated bees. The reproductive skew was complete, regardless of the type of association established between the interacting females, and so reproductive skew and genetic relatedness was not associated in this study. Furthermore, the nesting biology of Euglossa was also studied, given the information scarcity about the nesting process in most species already described for this genus. Using the technique of trap nests, 43 nests of Euglossa were sampled. This study provides new information on the nesting biology of this genus, especially with regard to natural enemies associated with nests. / As abelhas da tribo Euglossini sempre foram consideradas promissoras para estudos sobre evolução do comportamento social e divisão de trabalho reprodutivo. Isto decorre do fato dos Euglossini serem os únicos membros não claramente eussociais entre as abelhas corbiculadas. Neste estudo, foi investigada a correlação entre parentesco genético e desvio reprodutivo em uma espécie do gênero Euglossa, um dos cinco gêneros de Euglossini, visando subsidiar o entendimento da evolução da divisão de trabalho reprodutivo na tribo. Dentre os cinco gêneros de Euglossini, Euglossa é o mais indicado para estudos sobre a evolução de divisão de trabalho reprodutivo, pois neste gênero são encontradas espécies solitárias, comunais e primitivamente eussociais. Foram analisados doze ninhos da espécie Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758). Nesta espécie, o processo de fundação dos ninhos é solitário, mas pequenas colônias são formadas durante as reativações, com as fêmeas estabelecendo diferentes tipos de associações, nas quais o parentesco entre elas é distinto. Durante as reativações, uma das fêmeas realiza oofagias, seguidas de oviposições em células anteriormente operculadas por outras fêmeas, deixando um maior número de descendentes. As análises de comportamento, associadas a estimativas de parentesco, realizadas mediante o uso de marcadores microssatélites, indicam que as fêmeas dominantes realizam oofagia, seguida de oviposição, em todas as células operculadas pelas subordinadas. O desvio reprodutivo foi completo, independentemente do tipo de associação formada entre as fêmeas reativadoras e, portanto, não houve correlação entre parentesco genético e desvio reprodutivo. Além disso, a biologia de nidificação em espécies de Euglossa foi estudada, dada a escassez de informações sobre os hábitos e características do processo de nidificação na maioria das espécies já descritas. Utilizando a técnica de ninhos-armadilha, foram obtidos 44 ninhos de Euglossa. O estudo traz novas informações sobre a biologia de nidificação no gênero, principalmente no que diz respeito aos inimigos naturais associados aos ninhos.

O presente estudo foi elaborado com a finalidade de compreender o processo de desenvolvimento local do Assentamento “Conquista na Fronteira”, bem como a sua contribuição para o Município de Dionísio Cerqueira – SC, onde se encontra localizado. Selecionou-se esta área de estudo, esse assentamento, em função do seu modelo de organização coletivo e também pelas mudanças ocorridas no espaço do Município de Dionísio Cerqueira a partir de sua instalação. Buscou-se, inicialmente, conhecer a organização interna do assentamento, sua forma de organização política, de produção e de consumo; identificar e caracterizar os fatores nucleadores que contribuíram neste processo e apontar as mudanças que aconteceram no espaço do Município. Para atingir tal objetivo, adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa com levantamento de dados, entrevistas e depoimentos dos Assentados e pessoas do Município de Dionísio Cerqueira. Os resultados mostraram que o período de acampamento foi determinante para os Assentados construírem uma proposta de organização política, de produção e de consumo a partir do coletivo. Quanto aos fatores nucleadores que contribuíram no processo de desenvolvimento local no assentamento, podese citar o Espaço Público, a Educação, a Escola Construindo o Caminho e a questão Cultural. Esta última aponta para uma mudança na forma dos Assentados perceberem e lidarem com as suas memórias: aprendendo a olhar para o passado e assim transformá-lo em algo melhor para viver e (re)organizar o seu território. Na etapa final da pesquisa, identificaram-se as mudanças que aconteceram no espaço do Município de Dionísio Cerqueira-SC após a instalação do assentamento, fazendo um comparativo entre o que existia na área da antiga Fazenda Tracutinga com o que existe atualmente nesta área, ou seja, um assentamento de Reforma Agrária. Os resultados mostraram que o fato de se atribuir uma nova função à antiga fazenda, transformando-a em um assentamento, gerou uma série de mudanças no espaço do município, com o surgimento de novos fixos e fluxos dinamizando, assim, sua economia. Mas houve, principalmente, uma mudança cultural na vida dos seus habitantes que, na fase inicial do assentamento, eram contrários à sua instalação e, hoje, aproximadamente 80% deles são favoráveis e incentivadores de novos projetos de assentamento. A pesquisa mostrou ainda que o assentamento passou a ter influência na vida política e nos demais setores da economia do município, resgatando o chamado poder local. / The present study was elaborated with the purpose to understand the process of local development of the Nesting ““Conquista na Fronteira””, as well as its contribution for the town of Dionísio Cerqueira - SC where if it is located. This nesting was selected as study area because of its collective organization and also for the occurred changes in the space of Dionísio Cerqueira town from its installation. At first it was searched to know the organization of the nesting, the form to organize the politics, production and the internal consumption; to identify and to characterize the centralizer factors nucleadores that had contributed in this process and to point the changes that had happened in the space of the town of Dionísio Cerqueira, from the installation of the nesting. To reach such objective, a qualitative methodology with data-collecting was adopted, interviews with people from the nesting and from the town of Dionísio Cerqueira. The results show that the period of encampment was determinative for the seated ones had constructed to a proposal of organization politics, production and consumption from the collective one. As to the centralizer factors that had contributed in the process of local development in the nesting, it can be quoted the Public Space, the Education, the School “Construindo o Caminho” and the Cultural question. This last one points to a change in the form of the seated ones to perceive and deal with their memories, where the same ones had learned to look at past and then to transform it into something better to live e (to re)organize the territory. In the final stage of the research, it was identified the changes that had happened in the space of the town Dinísio Cerqueira-SC, after the installation of the nesting, making a comparative degree between what existed in the area of the old Tracutinga Farm with what exists currently in this area, or else, after the transformation of the area of the farm in an Agrarian Reformation area. The results had shown that the fact of if attributing to a new function the old farm, transforming it into a nesting, generating a series of changes in the space of the town, with the emergence of new fixtures and flows, improving, this way, the economy of the town. But, especially, there was a cultural change in the life of people from that town, that, at the beginning of the nesting were against its installation and nowadays, approximately more than 80 percent of the people from the town are favorable and encouraging the new projects of nesting. The research still showed that the nesting started to have influence in the politics life of the town, and in the other sectors of the economy of this place, rescuing the called local.

O presente estudo foi elaborado com a finalidade de compreender o processo de desenvolvimento local do Assentamento “Conquista na Fronteira”, bem como a sua contribuição para o Município de Dionísio Cerqueira – SC, onde se encontra localizado. Selecionou-se esta área de estudo, esse assentamento, em função do seu modelo de organização coletivo e também pelas mudanças ocorridas no espaço do Município de Dionísio Cerqueira a partir de sua instalação. Buscou-se, inicialmente, conhecer a organização interna do assentamento, sua forma de organização política, de produção e de consumo; identificar e caracterizar os fatores nucleadores que contribuíram neste processo e apontar as mudanças que aconteceram no espaço do Município. Para atingir tal objetivo, adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa com levantamento de dados, entrevistas e depoimentos dos Assentados e pessoas do Município de Dionísio Cerqueira. Os resultados mostraram que o período de acampamento foi determinante para os Assentados construírem uma proposta de organização política, de produção e de consumo a partir do coletivo. Quanto aos fatores nucleadores que contribuíram no processo de desenvolvimento local no assentamento, podese citar o Espaço Público, a Educação, a Escola Construindo o Caminho e a questão Cultural. Esta última aponta para uma mudança na forma dos Assentados perceberem e lidarem com as suas memórias: aprendendo a olhar para o passado e assim transformá-lo em algo melhor para viver e (re)organizar o seu território. Na etapa final da pesquisa, identificaram-se as mudanças que aconteceram no espaço do Município de Dionísio Cerqueira-SC após a instalação do assentamento, fazendo um comparativo entre o que existia na área da antiga Fazenda Tracutinga com o que existe atualmente nesta área, ou seja, um assentamento de Reforma Agrária. Os resultados mostraram que o fato de se atribuir uma nova função à antiga fazenda, transformando-a em um assentamento, gerou uma série de mudanças no espaço do município, com o surgimento de novos fixos e fluxos dinamizando, assim, sua economia. Mas houve, principalmente, uma mudança cultural na vida dos seus habitantes que, na fase inicial do assentamento, eram contrários à sua instalação e, hoje, aproximadamente 80% deles são favoráveis e incentivadores de novos projetos de assentamento. A pesquisa mostrou ainda que o assentamento passou a ter influência na vida política e nos demais setores da economia do município, resgatando o chamado poder local. / The present study was elaborated with the purpose to understand the process of local development of the Nesting ““Conquista na Fronteira””, as well as its contribution for the town of Dionísio Cerqueira - SC where if it is located. This nesting was selected as study area because of its collective organization and also for the occurred changes in the space of Dionísio Cerqueira town from its installation. At first it was searched to know the organization of the nesting, the form to organize the politics, production and the internal consumption; to identify and to characterize the centralizer factors nucleadores that had contributed in this process and to point the changes that had happened in the space of the town of Dionísio Cerqueira, from the installation of the nesting. To reach such objective, a qualitative methodology with data-collecting was adopted, interviews with people from the nesting and from the town of Dionísio Cerqueira. The results show that the period of encampment was determinative for the seated ones had constructed to a proposal of organization politics, production and consumption from the collective one. As to the centralizer factors that had contributed in the process of local development in the nesting, it can be quoted the Public Space, the Education, the School “Construindo o Caminho” and the Cultural question. This last one points to a change in the form of the seated ones to perceive and deal with their memories, where the same ones had learned to look at past and then to transform it into something better to live e (to re)organize the territory. In the final stage of the research, it was identified the changes that had happened in the space of the town Dinísio Cerqueira-SC, after the installation of the nesting, making a comparative degree between what existed in the area of the old Tracutinga Farm with what exists currently in this area, or else, after the transformation of the area of the farm in an Agrarian Reformation area. The results had shown that the fact of if attributing to a new function the old farm, transforming it into a nesting, generating a series of changes in the space of the town, with the emergence of new fixtures and flows, improving, this way, the economy of the town. But, especially, there was a cultural change in the life of people from that town, that, at the beginning of the nesting were against its installation and nowadays, approximately more than 80 percent of the people from the town are favorable and encouraging the new projects of nesting. The research still showed that the nesting started to have influence in the politics life of the town, and in the other sectors of the economy of this place, rescuing the called local.

[pt] Este trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Encaixe de Figuras Planas utilizando a computação gráfica como ferramenta. Além do sistema de edição e encaixe, foi, também, desenvolvido um sub-sistema para o escalonamento automático de figuras. O sistema é todo guiado por menus, com plenas facilidades de correção de erros de entrada. Após a descrição do sistema, são apresentadas algumas saídas gráficas que ilustram a capacidade do programa. Finalmente, apresentam-se algumas conclusões sobre o trabalho, onde são discutidas as vantagens da utilização deste sistema em relação aos métodos tradicionais de encaixe. / [en] A computer graphics system for the nesting of plane figures was developed. The system consists of three programs. The first is for figure drawing and editing. The second is for pattern grading, while the last is for figure nesting. The system is user friendly, guided by menus with many error checking capabilities. Graphical examples are presented following a detailed discussion of the programs.

La forte hétérogénéité de l'écosystème marin se traduit par une production inégale des ressources sur un large éventail d'échelles spatio-temporelles, qui conditionne par conséquent les déplacements des tortues marines. Considéré comme l’un des plus dynamiques au monde, le plateau des Guyanes est une région très complexe d'un point de vue océanographique et qui héberge trois des sept espèces de tortues marines présentes dans le monde (la tortue olivâtre, la tortue verte et la tortue luth). L'objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre comment les contraintes océanographiques peuvent-elles influencer les déplacements en mer de ces trois espèces. Le déploiement de 55 balises satellites sur des femelles reproductrices en Guyane française a permis de fournir des informations sur leurs trajectoires, sur leur comportement de plongée et sur les caractéristiques de leur environnement. Notre étude a mis en évidence une forte plasticité comportementale interspécifique qui semble être principalement dictée par les traits reproducteurs, les stratégies de reproduction, les conditions locales de l'habitat ou encore les adaptations physiologiques. / The strong heterogeneity of the marine ecosystem leads to a patchy distribution of the resources in time and space, shaping therefore the movements of sea turtles. Considered as the most dynamic ecosystem in the world, the Guiana shield is a highly dynamic system which hosts three of the seven sea turtle species in the world (the olive ridley, the green turtle and the leatherback turtle). The aim of this thesis was to understand how the oceanographic constraints can influence the at-sea movements of these three species during the reproduction and the migration phases. The deployment of 55 satellite tags on adult females in French Guiana provided information on their trajectories, their diving behavior and on the environment encountered. Our study shows a strong behavioral plasticity between species, which seems to be mainly dictated by the reproductive traits and strategies, the local conditions of the habitat and the physiological adaptations.

The survival rates of pre-emergent sea turtle hatchlings are critically dependent upon temperature. This study aimed to determine if changes in air temperature can explain some of the variability in hatching success observed over a 12 year period for loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nests in Broward County. Air temperature data for the hatching seasons of 1999 to 2010 were obtained from the NOAA National Climatic Data Center’s Fort Lauderdale beach station. The loggerhead sea turtle hatching data collected by the Broward County Sea Turtle Conservation Program from the same time period was examined to assess the potential effects of air temperature on the hatching success and the incubation duration. Mean yearly incubation times were analyzed for trends and compared to mean nesting season temperatures. The relationships between the incubation durations and mean seasonal and intra-seasonal air temperature fluctuations as well as the relationship between hatching success and air temperature was tested for significance. The hatching success was also compared to the incubation times in order to establish if shorter incubation durations, were related to lower hatching success rates. There have been large fluctuations in the average daily hatching success rates ranging from 10 to 100% over the twelve years examined in this study in Broward County. Significant decreases in incubation durations were apparent during times of increasing average air temperatures. In five of the twelve seasons there was also a significant relationship between the hatching success rates and the average air temperature, in which lower hatching success rates were evident during times of higher average air temperatures. There was a significant correlation between the incubation durations and the hatching success rates in six of the seasons as well, suggesting that lower hatching success rates are related to shorter incubation times. The pattern in average yearly hatching success rates were significantly related to the average monthly air temperatures in July suggesting that lower hatching success rates during the month of July were a result of higher temperatures during this time of the hatching season. A better understanding of the effects that air temperature has on loggerhead sea turtle clutches in Broward County can provide future insights for the fluctuating survival rates of sea turtle clutches and if the changes are natural or the result of conservation efforts.