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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Neural mechanisms of anaesthesia / Ahmad Hashemi-Sakhtsari.

Hashemi-Sakhtsari, Ahmad January 1994 (has links)
Bibliography :leaves 350-384. / xv, 384 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Introduces possible neural mechanisms of action of general anaesthesia. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physiology, 1994
52

A secondary analysis of the cognitive effects of methylphenidate and fenfluramine in children with mental retardation and hyperactivity

Moeschberger, S. L. January 2000 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Graduate School, 2000. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-59).
53

A competitive NMDA receptor antagonist potentiates the effects of morphine on spatial and discrimination learning /

Miller, Laurence L. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (Leaves: 84-89)
54

A secondary analysis of the cognitive effects of methylphenidate and fenfluramine in children with mental retardation and hyperactivity

Moeschberger, S. L. January 2000 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Graduate School, 2000. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-59).
55

Pharmacological control of ciliary activity in the young sea urchin larva cholinergic and monoaminergic effects and the role of calcium and cyclic nucleotides /

Soliman, Sherif. January 1983 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--University of Stockholm, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-44 (first group)).
56

Formulation and assessment of monolithic beta blocker sustained release tablets prepared by direct compression

Kieser, Leith Faye January 2002 (has links)
Beta blockers are commonly prescribed for the chronic treatment of hypertension, one of the most prolific disease states worldwide. The beta blockers selected for this study include acebutolol hydrochloride, labetalol hydrochloride, metoprolol tartrate oxprenolol hydrochloride and propranolol hydrochloride. All of these compounds have a short elimination half-life, necessitating multiple dose per day regimens and therefore the development of sustained release dosage forms incorporating these agents was considered beneficial in terms of extending the dosing interval, with the aim of improving patient compliance and subsequent therapeutic outcomes. Preformulation studies that were conducted included moisture content analysis by Karl Fischer titration, and DSC, a method used to predict potential interactions between the drugs and tablet excipients. Tablets were manufactured by both wet granulation and direct compression techniques, and the resultant drug release characteristics were evaluated using the USP Apparatus 3(BIO.DIS). A validated isocratic HPLC method, capable of separating the five drug candidates simultaneously, was developed and used for the analysis of drug samples. Tablet quality was assessed using analyses that included the physical assessment of weight, diameter, thickness, hardness and friability, as well as content uniformity of tablets, before and after dissolution testing. Direct compression tablet formulations containing each of the five beta blockers were successfully adapted from a prototype wet granulation matrix tablet containing metoprolol tartrate, and various formulation variables were investigated to establish,their effect on the rate and extent of drug release from these tablets. The grade and quantity of ethylcellulose used in the wet granulation and direct compression formulae influenced the release rate of some drug candidates. In addition, an alternative formulation method, involving freeze-drying of the drug with an ethylcellulose dispersion, was shown to have potential for altering release rates further. Anti-frictional agents, talc and colloidal silicon dioxide, did not affect drug release from these matrices,however, they affected the physical character:istics such as tablet weight and thickness, of the resultant tablets. All of the matrix tablets formulated were shown to release drug according to square root of time kinetics, in a sustained manner over a 22 hour period.
57

Efeitos comportamentais e bioquímicos da dieta intermitente na vigência de um estímulo inflamatório no hipocampo de ratos. / Behavioral and biochemical effects of intermittent fasting in the presence or absence of an inflammatory stimulus (LPS) in rat hippocampus.

Andréa Rodrigues Vasconcelos 18 October 2011 (has links)
A dieta intermitente (DI), quando não causa desnutrição, expõe os organismos a um estresse nutricional moderado que estimula as proteínas de estresse e os mecanismos de defesa do organismo, tornando-o mais resistente a estímulos tóxicos. A DI atua em vias associadas à sobrevivência celular e à inflamação, envolvendo com isso a modulação do NF-<font face=\"Symbol\">kB. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos moleculares associados a estes efeitos, assim como o envolvimento de vias como a do CREB e da WNT, além de sua correlação com a sinalização inflamatória. Este projeto tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da DI na cognição e hipocampo de ratos na ausência ou presença de LPS. Os resultados mostraram que a DI melhora o desempenho dos animais nos testes comportamentais labirinto de Barnes e esquiva inibitória. Ainda, a DI induz um aumento de pCREB e da sinalização canônica da WNT e promove o aumento da razão IL-10 / TNF e a diminuição dos níveis de RNAm do Tlr-4, Nosi e Cox-2 no hipocampo. Os dados sugerem que a DI induz um predomínio das vias de sinalização protetoras no SNC de ratos. / The intermittent fasting (IF) protocol, when it does not cause malnutrition, induces a moderate nutritional stress to the organism which stimulates the stress proteins and the body\'s defense mechanisms, making it more resistant to toxic stimuli. The IF seems to act by mechanisms associated with cell survival and inflammation, thereby involving NF-<font face=\"Symbol\">kB modulation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved, as well as the participation of CREB and WNT pathways and its correlation with inflammatory signaling. This study investigates the effects of IF on cognition and on rat hippocampus in absence or presence of LPS. The results showed that IF improved performance in Barnes maze and inhibitory avoidance behavioral tests. Also, IF induced both increase of pCREB and canonical WNT signaling pathway, and decrease in inflammatory mRNA markers levels, such as Tlr-4, iNos and Cox-2. In addition, IF can also increase IL-10 / TNF ratio levels. Our results suggest that IF induces a prevalence of protective signaling pathways in the central nervous system.
58

Eletrophysiological evaluation of guanylin and urogunylin in rat brain / AvaliaÃÃo eletrofisiolÃgica da aÃÃo da guanilina e de uroguanilina em cÃrebro de ratos

Maria Daniele Azevedo Teixeira 13 October 2003 (has links)
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Guanylin and uroguanylin are heat-stable peptides isolated and identified from rat intestine and opossum urine, respectively. They control salt and water transport in the kidney and intestine mediated by cGMP. In this study we tried to show the effects of the guanylin-like peptides on EEG-parameters, as well to investigate possible cerebral action mechanisms in the central nervous system. The experiments were performed using anaesthetized male Wistar rats that were placed on the stereotaxic frame for surgery to implant a guide cannula towards to cisterna magna. After 48 hours, the animals were divided in three groups: guanylin (2&#956;g/&#956;l/min) and uroguanylin (2&#956;g/&#956;l/min and 6&#956;g/&#956;l/min), and recived intracisternal infusion by a infusion pump. Another two groups were performed using uroguanylin (2&#956;g/&#956;l/min) and a pretreatment of two Cl&#713; blockers: niflumic acid and nedocromil sodium. EEG recordings were made throughout the experimental procedure, using a software for spectral activity study and absolute amplitude, starting with the control recording segment, followed by drug infusion segment and finishing with after infusion segment. Guanylin peptide in the rat brain increased the frontal waves amplitude and induced spikes. Uroguanylin induced the same changes more intensively (p<0.05). Niflumic acid didnât promoted changes, but nedocromil seemed to inhibit the spikes (p<0.05). We propose that guanylin and uroguanilyn EEG effects were caused by Cl&#713; channels envolvement. / Os peptÃdeos termo-estÃveis guanilina e uroguanilina foram inicialmente isolados e identificados do intestino de rato e de urina de opossum: suas propriedades sÃo atribuÃdas ao controle do transporte de sal e Ãgua no rim e intestino, mediado pelo GMPc. O presente estudo propÃe-se a avaliar a atividade neurofisiolÃgica dos peptÃdeos do tipo guanilina, atravÃs da anÃlise do registro eletroencefÃlico, bem como investigar os mecanismos de aÃÃo responsÃveis pela possÃvel aÃÃo sobre o sistema nervoso central. Para tanto, grupos de ratos Wistar machos anestesiados foram submetidos a uma cirurgia para a colocaÃÃo de uma cÃnula na cisterna magna. Decorridas 48 horas da cirurgia, estes animais foram novamente anestesiados, sendo infundidas atravÃs de uma bomba de infusÃo: guanilina (2&#956;g/&#956;l/min) e uroguanilina (2&#956;g/&#956;l/mim e 6&#956;g/&#956;l/min), em trÃs grupos distintos. Posteriormente, outros dois grupos de animais foram submetidos ao mesmo protocolo experimental, com a uroguanilina, porÃm adicionalmente, receberam um prÃ-tratamento (antes da infusÃo) de duas substÃncias bloqueadoras de canais de Cl&#713;: o Ãcido niflÃmico e o nedocromil sÃdico. Durante a infusÃo intracisternal dos peptÃdeos, houve o registro do EEG dos diversos espectros de ondas, sendo gravados trÃs momentos: antes da infusÃo ( controle), durante e apÃs a infusÃo. O peptÃdeo guanilina quando infundido em cÃrebro de ratos levou a alteraÃÃes na amplitude do traÃado e o surgimento de pontas no EEG. A uroguanilina induziu as mesmas alteraÃÃes, contudo houve uma maior intensidade (p<0.05). O prÃ-tratamento com Ãcido niflÃmico nÃo influiu nos resultados da infusÃo de uroguanilina, porÃm o nedocromil inibiu o surgimento de pontas (p<0.05). Sugerimos atravÃs deste estudo, que os peptÃdeos guanilina e uroguanilina produzem alteraÃÃes eletroencefalogrÃficas, atuando sobre o cÃrebro por mecanismos de aÃÃo envolvendo canais de Cl&#713;.
59

Efeitos comportamentais e neuroquÃmicos da melatonina em ratos submetidos à lesÃo estriatal com 6-ohda / Behavioral and neurochemical effects of melatonin in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats

Lissiana Magna Vasconcelos Aguiar 14 June 2002 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Os efeitos da melatonina (Mel) in vivo foram estudados no sistema dopaminÃrgico nigroestriatal de ratos, utilizando um modelo experimental da doenÃa de Parkinson que consiste na injeÃÃo intraestriatal da neurotoxina 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA). Ratos Wistar, machos (200-250g) foram submetidos a lesÃo unilateral com 6-OHDA, tratados com melatonina nas doses de 2, 5, 10 e 25 mg/kg, i.p. 1 hora apÃs a lesÃo e depois, diariamente durante 7 dias, quatro semanas apÃs a lesÃo, foi realizado o teste rotacional e 24 horas depois os animais foram sacrificados, os seus cÃrebros dissecados e os estriados direito (ipsilateral â lado lesionado) e esquerdo (contralateral â lado nÃo lesionado) utilizados para dosagens de monoaminas em HPLC e ensaios de binding dopaminÃrgico. Para as dosagens de malonildialdeÃdo (MDA), os animais foram sacrificados no oitavo dia apÃs a lesÃo. Os resultados demonstraram que a injeÃÃo intraestriatal de 6-OHDA diminuiu cerca de 77 à 85% os conteÃdos das monoaminas e dos seus metabÃlitos no lado ipsilateral quando comparado com o lado contralateral nos controles. O tratamento com melatonina, nas doses estudadas, reverteu parcialmente as diminuiÃÃes causadas pela lesÃo com 6-OHDA nos nÃveis destes neurotransmissores, e os conteÃdos se aproximaram de 50% daqueles observados nos lados contralaterais dos controles ou dos grupos tratados com melatonina. A Mel foi mais eficiente na dose de 5 mg/kg, i.p., e os efeitos foram similares entre as doses mais baixas e as mais altas, caracterÃstica de um tipo de resposta com a curva em forma de sino. O prÃ-tratamento e o tratamento crÃnico com melatonina na dose que obteve o melhor efeito tambÃm foram estudados, o tratamento crÃnico promoveu uma melhor recuperaÃÃo dos nÃveis de monoaminas enquanto os efeitos do prÃ-tratamento foram similares aos do grupo Mel 5 mg/kg, durante 7dias. O comportamento rotacional induzido pela apomorfina (3 mg/kg) foi bloqueado em cerca de 60, 89, 78 e 47% nos grupos tratados com melatonina nas doses de 2, 5, 10 e 25 mg/kg, i.p., respectivamente. O tratamento crÃnico bloqueou o comportamento rotacional em cerca de 96% e o prÃ-tratamento 86%. A melatonina (5 mg/kg) produziu uma upregulation dos receptores D1 (Bmax: 277,8+/-25,8) associada com uma diminuiÃÃo nos valores do Kd (1,5+/-0,1) quando comparado ao controle (Bmax:194,8+/-19,0; Kd:2,9+/-0,38). Um efeito similar foi observado com o tratamento com NAS (Bmax: 245,3+/-27,6; Kd: 1,1+/-0,28), precursor da melatonina. Foi verificado um aumento nos nÃveis de MDA, nos controles (127%), quando comparado com o grupo falso operado (104%), o tratamento com melatonina (106%) recuperou esses nÃveis à valores prÃximos do normal, sugerindo uma aÃÃo antioxidante da melatonina in vivo. Os resultados apresentados podem indicar uma aÃÃo neuroprotetora da melatonina e sugerem um possÃvel papel no tratamento de doenÃas neurodegenerativas causadas pelo estresse oxidativo, como a doenÃa de Parkinson. / The present work studied the neuroprotective effects of melatonin In vivo on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in rats after a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions in rat striatum. Results showed that the intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA significantly decreases DA, DOPAC and HVA levels. Although there is also a decrease in 5-HT levels no changes were observed in 5-HIAA levels as compared to controls. On the other hand, melatonin (2, 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 7 days) treatment starting 1 h after 6-OHDA lesions, partially reverses the decreases caused by 6-OHDA lesions on these neurotransmitter levels, and contents were brought to approximately 50% of that observed in the contralateral sides of controls or the melatonin treated group. Melatonin was more efficient at the doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p., and effects were similar between the lowest and highest doses characteristic of a bell-shaped type of response. Pretreatment and cronic treatment with melatonin at the 5mg/kg dose were also tested, cronic treatment promoted a recovey of monoamines levels more efficiently while the pretreatment effects were similar to the melatonin treatment at the dose of the 5mg/kg for 7 days. The apomorphine-induced rotational behavior (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was blocked by 60, 89, 78 and 47% after the doses of 2, 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg, i.p., respectively. Similarly, in this case the doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg were also more efficient. The cronic treatment blocked the rotational behavior by 86%. Melatonin (5mg/kg) produced an upregulation of D1 receptors associated with a decrease in Kd value. While no change was observed in maximum density of D2 receptors, the Kd value was also decreased, a similar effect was observed with its precursor N-acetylserotonin. Compared with sham-operated and expressed as a ratio relative to the contralateral side, there was an increase in the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA, 127%) on controls which was restored to normal levels on the melatonin treated group, suggesting the in vivo action of melatonin as an antioxidant. The present results may indicate a neuroprotective action of melatonin and suggest a possible role in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinsonâs disease.
60

Avaliação do modelo animal de anedonia/depressão induzida por estresse crônico leve / Evaluation of the animal model of anhedonia / depression induced by chronic light stress in rats

Karen Silvia de Carvalho Homem 28 November 2017 (has links)
O Transtorno da Depressão Maior (MDD) é uma doença muito difundida em todo mundo e com uma alta prevalência, principalmente em mulheres. Transtornos de humor são recorrentes e ameaçam a vida, devido ao risco de suicídio. Apesar disso, a etiologia do MDD ainda é pouco entendida e diversas hipóteses foram desenvolvidas na tentativa de explicá-la. Uma delas está ligada ao estresse. Distúrbios no eixo hipotálamo-hipófiseadrenal (HPA) estão presentes em cerca 70% de pacientes com depressão. Ao buscar um melhor modelo animal para estudo do impacto do estresse no desenvolvimento da depressão, chegamos ao estresse leve crônico (CMS). Em estudos prévios desenvolvidos neste laboratório, observamos que há diferenças entre tipos de estressores e os mediadores secretados na resposta do eixo HPA, isto é, durante o estresse físico é secretado o mediador vasopressina, enquanto que no estresse psicológico, é secretado o mediador CRF; já nos estresses considerados mistos (como nado forçado), ambos os mediadores estão presentes. Assim, propusemos estabelecer protocolos de CMS baseados no protocolo original de Paul Willner, pesquisador que desenvolveu este modelo, empregando estressores do tipo físico ou psicológico, separadamente. O que observamos foi que nenhum dos dois tipos de estressores conseguiu levar os animais à anedonia (queda na preferência por sacarose). No entanto, ao observar o ganho de peso dos animais ao longo do tempo e o mapeamento cerebral com citocromo c oxidase, notamos que o estresse teve seu impacto no animais. Comparados a outros modelos de depressão, o CMS tem a premissa de desenvolver um estado depressivo nos animais antes do teste com drogas antidepressivas, fazendo com que tenha uma alta validade preditiva. Ele também pode incorporar outros endpoints para avaliar outros comportamentos, além da anedonia, que possam demonstrar o estado depressivo no animal. Por exemplo, observamos no mapeamento cerebral que a substância negra e a PAG estiveram mais ativas no estresse físico e elas podem estar implicadas na busca por recompensa e na modulação de dor, respectivamente. Concluímos que o modelo de CMS é apropriado, embora ainda necessite de estudos quanto à equivalência de intensidade de estressores / Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a widespread disease all over the world with a high prevalence, especially among women. Mood disorders are recurrent and life threatening, due to suicide risk. Despite those, MDD etiology is poorly understood and several hypotheses have been developed to try and explain it. One of them is connected to stress. Disorders on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are present in up to 70% of patients with depression. While searching for a better animal model to study the impact that stress might have on depression onset, we came across the Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) model. During previous studies developed in this lab, weve observed that there are differences between types of stressors and mediators involved in the HPA axis response, i.e. during physical stress, the mediator secreted is vasopressin, whereas during psychological stress, the mediator is CRF; on mixed stress (like forced swim), both mediators are present. That way, we proposed to set up CMS protocols based on Paul Willner (the researcher who developed this model)s original one, employing physical or psychological stressors separately. None of the types of stressors were able to induce anhedonia (decrease in sucrose preference) in the animals. However, noticing the animals weight gain over time, and cerebral mapping with cytochrome c oxidase, we could see that stress had impact over the animals. Compared to other depression models, CMS has the presupposition of leading the animals to a depressive-like state before testing antidepressant drugs, which gives it a high predictive validity. The model can also incorporate different endpoints to assess other behaviors, besides anhedonia, that may show the animals depressive-like state. For instance, we observed in the brain mapping that substantia nigra and PAG were more activated in physical stress and they can be implicated in reward seeking and pain modulation, respectively. So, we conclude that the CMS model is appropriate, although it still needs more research regarding the intensity of stressors equivalence

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