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Neutralization techniques as a moderating mechanism: ethically questionable behavior in the Romanian consumer contextFukukawa, Kyoko, Zaharie, M-M., Romonti-Maniu, A-I. 2018 October 1927 (has links)
Yes / Based on an empirical investigation in the context of Romania, this paper identifies a moderating role of neutralization techniques within ethically questionable consumer behavior. The quantitative study is based upon a synthesized model of Theory of Planned Behavior incorporating the factor of perceived unfairness and neutralization techniques. Significantly, neutralization techniques are shown to have a negative, but definite impact on the action to behave unethically. This leads to their consideration as a process of thinking, rather than as static judgement. As such, neutralization techniques are conceptually distinctive to the other factors. The paper analyses the results specific to the Romanian context, but noting implications for an understanding of the morality of markets with similar historical, political and economic conditions. Overall, the findings offer a more nuanced reading of consumer behavior. The paper places moral flexibility in terms of a specific cultural context, but also reveals how neutralization techniques can moderate ethically questionable behaviors beyond matters of self-interest, which in turn has implications for how companies can consider their responsibilities in relation to their customers.
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Inside the Black Box of Jail: Barriers to Change at the Ottawa-Carleton Detention CentreMaadarani, Mariah 07 December 2020 (has links)
The Ottawa-Carleton Detention Centre (OCDC) is notorious for its austere conditions of confinement and human rights violations. In response to widespread criticism, the Ontario provincial government created a dedicated task force in 2016 to address longstanding issues at the jail. To date, little research has examined how OCDC has maintained these deplorable conditions of confinement despite concerted effort to improve them. Drawing on Mathiesen’s (1990) neutralization techniques, this thesis reveals the tactics used by government officials and jail functionaries to maintain the status quo at OCDC and stifle transformative change by comparing task force recommendations with their ensuing implementation. Through a qualitative content analysis of the OCDC task force progress reports, trend analyses, Ombudsman, Community Advisory Board, Independent Review of Corrections, and Jail Accountability & Information Line reports documenting issues at OCDC, I demonstrate how the Ontario provincial government and OCDC administration (a) refer to competing demands, higher authority, policy and procedure, or safety and security as excuses for not instituting changes, (b) define policy alternatives as irrelevant or impossible to implement, (c) postpone implementation of measures for not being developed enough or possible now, as well as (d) puncture and (e) absorb policy alternatives to uphold the status quo and impede transformative change. In doing so, I expose the provincial penal system’s proclivity to ‘finish’ (Mathiesen, 1974) alternatives that threaten the current system, thereby gutting new ideas of their ability to generate meaningful social change. The insights provided by this thesis help lay the groundwork for future critical criminological research to examine the barriers to social change in the penal field on a sub-national, national, and international scale.
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Taking the Red Pill: : A Netnographical Analysis of Neutralization Techniques within the Red Pill CommunityMilona, Evagelia January 2024 (has links)
This study aims to understand the Red Pill movement as displayed on YouTube, by exploring mechanisms used to convey these ideologies, and the extent to which these, if at all, legitimize and encourage violent acts. Netnography along with observation and transcription was used for visual and oral data collection. Thematic analysis was utilized for the analysis which was based on Sykes and Matza’s together with Cohen’s neutralization techniques. Although these techniques were found in the data, they could not effectively link to violence. Instead, three new neutralization techniques, denial of agency, appeal to biology, and appeal to greatness could be linked to violence. While the connection between cause and effect is far more complex, this study provides an insight of the neutralization techniques used within this community. The use of these techniques may weaken individual’s social controls, radicalize them, and effectively lead them to legitimize violence specifically against women.
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Role of Middle Managers in Mitigating Employee Cyberloafing in the WorkplaceAku, Anizizo 01 January 2017 (has links)
Companies in the United States are concerned about the indeterminate effectiveness of corporate cyberloafing mitigation efforts leading to the persistence of employee cyberloafing behavior. Although middle managers are the driving force behind the transformational influences that guide employee productivity and could proffer practical solutions, a lack of clarity surrounds the middle manager's role in the overall cyberloafing mitigation efforts within organizations. The central research question for this transcendental phenomenological research study explored the lived experiences of middle managers regarding their roles in mitigating employee cyberloafing at higher education institutions in Florida. This study used a social constructivist-interpretive framework that draws from the multiple realities constructed through social interactions and lived experiences. Participants included 7 middle managers with experience mitigating cyberloafing at higher education institutions in Florida. Four major themes emerged from an inductive analysis of the data, including managing employee performance, proximity matters, cyberloafing interventions, and understanding employee online technology use. The results and recommendations of this study provide implications for social change. Business organizations may modify cyberloafing mitigation strategies and policies from a better understanding of manager/employee interactions, transformational managerial influences used to mitigate employee cyberloafing, and managerial knowledge of employee appropriation of online technology.
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Mänskligt beteende - ett ofrånkomligt hot mot informationssäkerhet?Swartz, Erik January 2021 (has links)
Information har idag kommit att bli så viktigt att det av många aktörer kallas för den nya digitala oljan, och med anledning av just detta är information idag en av de främsta tillgångar en organisation kan besitta. För att skydda informationen lägger organisationer massiva summor pengar på tekniska och fysiska åtgärder. Tillsammans med dessa åtgärder utfärdas även interna bestämmelser och riktlinjer för hur IT-system och information får eller inte får hanteras. Trots detta sker både intrång och andra säkerhetsrelaterade incidenter som kan härledas till mänskligt felaktigt beteende, eller den så kallade mänsklig faktorn. I den här uppsatsen har därför författaren gjort en djupdykning i ämnet för att studera vilka samband som kan finnas mellan beteendevetenskapliga teorier och efterlevnad av informationssäkerhet. Med kvalitativa metoder har bland annat litteraturstudier genomförts för att ta reda på vilka teorier som är mest relevanta i sammanhanget. Intervjuer har sedan nyttjats för att bredda författarens uppfattning om vilka faktorer som kan påverka mänskligt beteende. De personer som intervjuats har bland varit yrkesverksamma som säkerhetschefer, säkerhetskyddshandläggare och ledande forskare inom det specifika området.
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Tietoturvakoulutuksen vaikuttavuuden arviointi yksilön ja organisaation tietoturvakäyttäytymiseenNykänen, K. (Kari) 02 November 2011 (has links)
Abstract
Information security is a key factor supporting companies' security and business requirements,
and it is significantly affected by the information security behavior of the employees. Previous
research has studied empirically as to which factors explains employees' compliance with
information security policies and instructions. However, there are only a few empirical studied
on the effectiveness of information security training on the information security behavior of
employees. Especially, studies examining the effect on training on employees' cyberloafing
(non-work related Internet use) behavior are far and few between. To address this gap in
research, this thesis carries out an action research study aimed at improving employees'
cyberloafing behavior at an organizational context. The results suggest that cyberloafing can be
reduced by a proper training. / Tiivistelmä
Tietoturva on keskeinen tekijä yrityksen kokonaisturvallisuuden ja liiketoiminnan tarpeiden tukemisessa, johon henkilökunnan tietoturvakäyttäytyminen vaikuttaa hyvin merkittävästi. Yksilön tietoturvakäyttäytymistä ja tietoturvapolitiikan ja -ohjeistuksien noudattamista on tutkittu empiirisesti vahvojen teoreettisten taustojen pohjalta. Tutkimustulokset ovat osoittaneet, että yksilön normeista ja ohjeistuksista poikkeava käyttäytyminen on vahvasti sidoksissa henkilökohtaisiin tapoihin, joita puolustellaan ja selitetään erilaisilla syillä.
Tietoturvakoulutuksen vaikuttavuutta yksilön ja organisaation tietoturvakäyttäytymiseen on tutkittu empiirisesti hyvin vähän. Työhön liittymättömän Internetin käytön kontekstissa tehtyjä tutkimuksia on vain muutamia, ja niissä on selvitetty käytön motivaatiota ja käyttäjien profilointia. Tietoturvakoulutuksen vaikutusta yksilön työhön liittymättömän Internet-käyttäytymisen muuttamiseen ei ole aikaisemmin tieteellisesti tutkittu. Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan tätä ajankohtaista kansainvälisen tutkijayhteisön tiedostamaa ongelmaa.
Tutkimus suoritetaan noudattaen toimintatutkimusmallia kahdessa vaiheessa, joista toisessa sovelletaan kokeellista tutkimusmenetelmää. Pitkittäistutkimuksen ensimmäisessä vaiheessa tutkitaan organisaation tietoturvakäyttäytymistä ja -toimintaa. Tämän perusteella suunnitellaan koulutusmenetelmä, jonka avulla pyritään ratkaisemaan organisaation tietoturvatoiminnan keskeiset ongelmat ja parantamaan yksilön tietoturvatietoisuutta. Toisessa vaiheessa koulutusmenetelmää kehitetään ja laajennetaan koko organisaation henkilökunnan tasolle, minkä tavoitteena on muuttaa yksilön työhön liittymätöntä Internet-käyttäytymistä. Tutkimuksessa sovelletaan kriminologiaan pohjautuvaa neutralisoimisteoriaa ja sosiaalipsykologian tapateoriaa, joiden avulla pyritään selittämään yksilön työhön liittymätöntä Internet-käyttäytymistä. Tietoturvakoulutuksen laadinnassa sovelletaan oppimisen psykologiaa, sosiokonstruktiivista oppimisnäkemystä ja muutos-johtamista.
Tutkimustulokset tarjoavat uutta tietoa siitä, mitä tulee huomioida laadittaessa organisaation tietoturvakoulutusta ja miten huolellisesti laaditun koulutuksen avulla voidaan muuttaa yksilön työhön liittymätöntä Internet-käyttäytymistä. Koulutuksen avulla pyritään vaikuttamaan yksilön syvälle juurtuneisiin tapoihin, käyttäytymiseen ja vastuunottamiseen omasta toiminnasta.
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L’envers d’une passion : une étude sur le comportement illégal des consommateurs de succulentes en ligneVincendon, Léanne 08 1900 (has links)
Contexte : Le commerce illégal d’espèces sauvages implique d’importants enjeux sociétaux, mais à ce jour peu d’études s’intéressent au commerce illégal de succulentes qui sont des plantes connues pour transformer l’eau en suc leur permettant ainsi de survivre dans des régions arides (ex. cactus, aloès, etc.). S’intéresser à ce commerce est d’autant plus crucial que la passion des consommateurs pour les succulentes ne cesse de croître, poussant alors certains à adopter des comportements illégaux. Le manque de contrôle de la part des autorités compétentes et l’adoption de ces comportements illégaux favorisent le développement d’un commerce illégal de succulentes. De plus, ce commerce s’est numérisé, posant donc de nouveaux enjeux liés à l’utilisation des nouvelles technologies. Ainsi, le mémoire vise à comprendre le choix des consommateurs à importer illégalement des succulentes à l’aide de plateformes numériques.
Méthodologie : Les données analysées sont issues de 14 entrevues semi-dirigées menées auprès de consommateurs ayant importé au moins une fois illégalement une succulente à l’aide d’une plateforme de commerce en ligne. Durant les entrevues, plusieurs thèmes ont été abordés tels que le contexte d’achat, les connaissances des participants concernant les lois et enjeux environnementaux et leur perception vis-à-vis de leur comportement.
Résultats : Les consommateurs sont initialement motivés à importer illégalement des succulentes au nom de leur passion et/ou pour des raisons économiques. Le marché illégal de succulentes en ligne représente alors une véritable opportunité pour eux de le faire, puisqu’ils considèrent que les succulentes y sont facilement accessibles, diversifiées et à des prix concurrentiels. Parallèlement, les risques de se faire appréhender par les autorités ou de se faire frauder sont perçus comme faibles. En revanche, ces derniers naviguent dans une zone grise alimentée par leur manque de connaissances concernant le processus légal ainsi que par l’asymétrie d’information du marché. Cette dernière les empêche alors de bien évaluer la source du produit et les risques associés. Face à cette incertitude, les consommateurs recourent à plusieurs justifications permettant de se persuader, mais également de convaincre autrui que leurs comportements sont acceptables.
Implications : Ce mémoire fournit une meilleure compréhension du comportement illégal des consommateurs de succulentes, puisqu’il apporte à la fois des explications théoriques et empiriques afin de comprendre ce phénomène. Finalement, cette étude offre des pistes d’interventions intéressantes à l’élaboration de campagnes d’éducation et de sensibilisation visant la réduction de cette demande qui suscite d’important risques environnementaux. / Context: The Illegal wildlife trade (IWT) raises important environmental issues. However, up to now, few studies have focused on the illegal trade in succulents. Succulents correspond to a type of plant which are known for transforming water into juice, enabling them to survive in arid or semi-arid regions. Furthermore, consumers' passion for these plants is growing all the time. But this passion leads some individuals to engage in illegal behaviour. The lack of control by the competent authorities and the adoption of these illegal behaviours encourage the development of an illegal trade in succulents. What's more, this trade has gone online, raising new issues linked to the use of new technologies. This master’s thesis aims to understand consumers' choice to import succulents illegally using digital platforms.
Methods: The data analyzed come from 14 semi-structured interviews conducted with succulent consumers who had illegally imported a succulent at least once using an online trading platform. During the interviews, several themes were addressed, such as the purchasing context, participants' knowledge of trade laws and environmental issues, and their perception of their behavior.
Results: Consumers are initially motivated to illegally import succulents in the name of their passion and/or for economic reasons. The illegal online succulent market then represents a real opportunity for them to do it. Indeed, they consider succulents to be easily accessible, diversified and competitively priced. At the same time, the risk of being caught by the authorities or defrauded is perceived as low. However, consumers navigate in a grey zone fuelled by their lack of knowledge of the legal process and the asymmetry of market information. The latter prevents them from properly assessing the source of the product and the associated risks. Faced with this uncertainty, consumers use several justifications to persuade themselves and others that their behaviors are acceptable.
Implications: This master’s thesis provides a better understanding of the illegal behaviour of passionate succulent consumers, since it offers both theoretical and empirical explanations for this phenomenon. Finally, this research offers interesting avenues of intervention for the development of education and awareness campaigns aimed at reducing this demand, which gives rise to significant environmental risks.
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