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1	To Define & Control: The Utility of Military Ethics in the New Zealand Army's Contemporary Operational Environment Rout, Matthew William January 2009 (has links) Military ethics serve as a normative code of behaviour for the armed forces of a state, acting as a mechanism of definition and control within the force, between the force and its client, and between the force, its adversaries and the wider public. They have two, intrinsically linked, functions: a preventative function, which defines the moral and legal parameters of conduct, and a constructive function, which creates and maintains an effective and controllable force. Preceded by the code of chivalry, they were largely a creation of the era of conventional interstate warfare that was waged across the European continent from the Treaty of Westphalia through to the desolate end of the Second World War; yet, the operations upon which armed forces, and in particular, the New Zealand Army are deployed have changed, dramatically. Wars no longer, current operations are generally justified on moral principles and involve a multinational, joint and interagency deployment sent to intervene in an irregular, intrastate conflict occurring in an underdeveloped region and conducted under the intense glare of the media. This disjuncture between the changing nature of operations and the context in which military ethics were formulated provides the fundamental question for the thesis: if the milieu in which military ethics developed has changed significantly, what is their current utility? Using the New Zealand Army as the frame of reference, first the contemporary operational environment and then the specific operational environment in Timor-Leste were examined to assess the current utility of military ethics. It was found that the preventative function has an increasing utility because it ensures conduct is within expected norms in an era where the perception of the adversary, the local populace and the domestic and international audience is key to operational success. Despite the reduction in conflict intensity, the constructive function has a remaining utility through its mediation and amelioration of the stressors engendered by the growing complexity of the operational environment. The retention of utility for the constructive function appears to have been facilitated by an adaptation of the warrior ethos, from a narrow traditional outlook to a broad and comprehensive modern interpretation. military ethics contemporary operational environment New Zealand Defence Force INTERFET East Timor
2	Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking Searle, Deane January 2007 (has links) Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) is a significant feature of the contemporary world and it is a particular challenge to the armed forces of many states which are involved is such conflict, or are likely to become so. This thesis is not concerned with how such difficult conflict situations arise. Rather it is concerned with how, from the point of view of the state, they may be contained and ultimately brought to a satisfactory resolution. The work is thus concerned with the practicalities of ending LIC. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to establish a framework of doctrinal and military principles applicable to the prevention and resolution of LIC. The principles of this thesis are based in numerous historical examples of LIC and six in depth case studies. These distilled principles are analysed in two central chapters, and are then applied in two latter defence force chapters so as to ensure there practicality and resilience. Numerous defence academics and military practitioners have been consulted in the production of this thesis; their contribution has further reinforced the functionality of the principles examined in this research. The research illustrates the criticality of a holistic approach to LIC. The function of this approach is to guarantee the stability of the sovereign state, by unifying civil, police, intelligence and military services. The effectiveness of the military elements must also be ensured, as military force is central to the suppression of LIC. Consequently, the research makes strategic and operational prescriptions, so as to improve the capability of defence forces that are concerned with preventing or resolving LIC. low intensity conflict counterinsurgent counterinsurgency insurgent insurgency guerrilla small wars conflict combat urban conflict new zealand defence force australian defence force afghanistan iraq somalia chechnya east timor bougainville bosnia defence policy doctrine soviet russia red army airpower combined arms intelligence command control communications surveillance intervention peacekeeping peacebuilding peace enforcement strategy tactics infantry armour aviation non-urban terrain psychological war small scale operations combat service support civil military affairs urban dominance rapid dominance manoeuvre warfare nationalism restraint civil resolve operation enduring freedom operation anaconda suppressing fire joint warfare synergy strike target acquisition civil affairs public affairs operation iraqi freedom operation telic professionalism asymmetric warfare power projection sea power precision strike C4ISTAR C4ISR HUMINT logistics coalition post war environment internal security population security civil support unitary command expeditionary civil service personnel techniques standard operating procedures artillery protection manoeuvrability firepower visibility helicopters aircraft friendly fire initiative policy training light armoured vehicle light operational vehicle aviation navy air force army counter communications sea control maritime power projection rules of engagement engineers

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To Define & Control: The Utility of Military Ethics in the New Zealand Army's Contemporary Operational Environment

Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking