Submitted by FERNANDA DA SILVA VON PORSTER (fdsvporster@univates.br) on 2017-06-22T17:47:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2016CamileWunsch.pdf: 1221188 bytes, checksum: d4f164f1168ed40c958561be1e994dc5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br) on 2017-06-26T18:42:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2016CamileWunsch.pdf: 1221188 bytes, checksum: d4f164f1168ed40c958561be1e994dc5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T18:42:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2016CamileWunsch.pdf: 1221188 bytes, checksum: d4f164f1168ed40c958561be1e994dc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06 / CAPES / Introdução: A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) é a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo, sendo caracterizada como uma doença inflamatória crônica, multifatorial, cuja fisiopatologia é a aterosclerose. Considerando a alta herdabilidade da doença, vários polimorfismos genéticos vêm sendo estudados e associados com o surgimento da DAC e, entre eles, destacam-se variantes nos genes CD14, TLR4, NFKB1 e TNFα, os quais regulam a via de sinalização celular do sistema imune inato e desencadeiam o processo inflamatório na DAC. Objetivo: O objetivo principal deste estudo é verificar a possível associação de polimorfismos nos genes CD14 (rs2569190), TLR4 (rs4986790 e rs4986791), NFKB1 (rs28362491) e TNFα (rs1800629 e rs361525) com a DAC. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por 707 indivíduos adultos submetidos ao exame de cateterismo cardíaco no Hospital Bruno Born, de Lajeado, RS. Todos os indivíduos assinaram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e responderam a um questionário semiestruturado. Os indivíduos foram classificados entre casos e controles, por um médico cardiologista, com base no seguinte critério: presença de estenose, com comprometimento maior do que 50%, em pelo menos uma das artérias coronárias. Foram também coletadas amostras de sangue periférico para análises bioquímicas e moleculares. A extração de DNA foi realizada pelo método de salting out. Os polimorfismos dos genes CD14, TLR4 e TNFα foram genotipados pelo sistema de discriminação alélica TaqMan, em equipamento de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em Tempo Real (StepOnePlus®). O polimorfismo rs28362491, no gene NFKB1, foi amplificado através da técnica convencional de PCR. Resultados: Identificamos uma associação dos polimorfismos rs2569190, localizado no gene CD14, e rs28362491, no gene NFKB1, com a DAC. Além disso, foram detectados efeitos dos polimorfismos dos genes TLR4 e TNFα nos níveis glicêmicos e dos polimorfismos nos genes TLR4, NFKB1 e TNFα no perfil lipídico. Conclusão: Nossos achados sugerem a participação de polimorfismos nos genes CD14 e NFKB1 no desenvolvimento da DAC na nossa amostra, corroborando evidências prévias do envolvimento de genes do processo inflamatório nessa patologia. / Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, being characterized as a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease, whose pathophysiology is atherosclerosis. Considering the high heritability of the disease, several genetic polymorphisms have been investigated and associated with CAD and, among them, there are variants in the CD14, TLR4, NFKB1 and TNFα genes, which regulate cell signaling pathways of the innate immune system and inflammatory process in CAD. Objective: The main objective of this study is to verify the association beteween polymorphisms in the CD14 (rs2569190), TLR4 (rs4986790 and rs4986791), NFKB1 (rs28362491) and TNFα (rs1800629 and rs361525) genes and CAD. Methods: The sample group was composed of 707 adult individuals, recruited at the time when they were bought in for coronary angiography procedures at the Hemodynamic Center of the Hospital Bruno Born, City of Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul. The individuals were classified between cases and controls by a cardiologist, based on the following criteria: presence of stenosis, greater than 50% of the luminal diameter, in at least one of the coronary arteries. Peripheral blood samples were also collected for biochemical and molecular analyzes. DNA extraction was performed using the salting out method. The polymorphisms in the CD14, TLR4 e TNFα genes were genotyped by Taqman® allelic discrimination assays. The rs28362491 polymorphism in the NFKB1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: We identified an association between the polymorphisms rs2569190, located in the CD14 gene, and rs28362491, located in the NFKB1 gene, and CAD. In addition, there were detected significant effects of TLR4 and TNFα gene polymorphisms on glycemic levels and TLR4, NFKB1 and TNFα gene polymorphisms on the lipid profile. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a role for the polymorphisms in CD14 and NFKB1 genes in CAD susceptibility in our sample, corroborating previous evidence of the envolviment of inflamotory process genes in this patology.

A esclerose sistêmica (ES) é uma doença difusa do tecido conjuntivo caracterizada por anormalidades fibróticas, imunológicas e vasculares. O fator nuclear-kB (NF-kB), como um fator de transcrição essencial envolvido na regulação de respostas imunitárias, parece ser um bom candidato para estudos sobre a patogênese de doenças autoimunes, bem como a interleucina-10 (IL-10) e as quimiocinas, CXCL8 e CXCR2. Vários estudos demonstram o envolvimento dos genes CXCR2 e IL-10 na patogênese das doenças autoimunes. Acredita-se que combinações desses genes possam ser favoráveis para o desenvolvimento da ES, podendo seu conhecimento ser benéfico para o entendimento da patogênese da ES. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o polimorfismo dos genes IL-10, CXCR2, CXCL8 e NFKB1 em um grupo de pacientes com ES, incluindo a forma difusa e limitada da doença. Nossos resultados confirmam a associação do fenótipo de alta produção (GCC + / GCC +) com risco aumentado para ES, mas não encontrou nenhuma correlação com polimorfismos do NF-KB. Nossos achados também sugerem um papel protetor da CXCL8 (- 251) A nos genótipos TT e TC do gene CXCR2 (+1208) e um risco aumentado do CXCL8 (-251) A em associação com o genótipo CC do CXCR2 (+1208) em pacientes com ES. Nenhuma diferença estatística no polimorfismo dos genes IL-10, CXCR2, CXCL8 e NFKB1 foram encontradas entre a forma difusa e a forma limitada. Estes resultados indicam um potencial papel do gene IL-10 e da combinação CXCR2/CXCL8 na patogênese da ES. / Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrotic, immunological and vascular abnormalities. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), as a key transcription factor involved in the regulation of immune responses, appears to be a good candidate for studies on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, as well as the interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphism, and CXCL8 and CXCR2 chemokines. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of genes CXCR2 and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It is believed that combinations of these genes may be favorable for the development of SSc, and this knowledge can contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of SSc. The objective of this study is to investigate the polymorphism of IL-10, CXCR2, CXCL8 and NFKB1 in a group of patients with SSc, including diffuse and limited subtypes of the disease. Our results confirm the association of high-producing phenotype (GCC/GCC) with increased risk for SSc, but found no correlation with NFKB1 polymorphisms. Our findings also suggest a protective role of CXCL8 (-251) A in the CXCR2 (+1208) TT and TC genotypes and an increased risk of CXCL8 (-251) A in association with the CXCR2 (+1208) CC genotype in SSc patients. No statistical difference in the polymorphism of IL-10, NFKB1, CXCR2 and CXCL8 were found between the diffuse and limited SSc. These results indicate a potential role of the IL-10 gene and the combination CXCR2/CXCL8 in the pathogenesis of SSc.

A esclerose sistêmica (ES) é uma doença difusa do tecido conjuntivo caracterizada por anormalidades fibróticas, imunológicas e vasculares. O fator nuclear-kB (NF-kB), como um fator de transcrição essencial envolvido na regulação de respostas imunitárias, parece ser um bom candidato para estudos sobre a patogênese de doenças autoimunes, bem como a interleucina-10 (IL-10) e as quimiocinas, CXCL8 e CXCR2. Vários estudos demonstram o envolvimento dos genes CXCR2 e IL-10 na patogênese das doenças autoimunes. Acredita-se que combinações desses genes possam ser favoráveis para o desenvolvimento da ES, podendo seu conhecimento ser benéfico para o entendimento da patogênese da ES. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o polimorfismo dos genes IL-10, CXCR2, CXCL8 e NFKB1 em um grupo de pacientes com ES, incluindo a forma difusa e limitada da doença. Nossos resultados confirmam a associação do fenótipo de alta produção (GCC + / GCC +) com risco aumentado para ES, mas não encontrou nenhuma correlação com polimorfismos do NF-KB. Nossos achados também sugerem um papel protetor da CXCL8 (- 251) A nos genótipos TT e TC do gene CXCR2 (+1208) e um risco aumentado do CXCL8 (-251) A em associação com o genótipo CC do CXCR2 (+1208) em pacientes com ES. Nenhuma diferença estatística no polimorfismo dos genes IL-10, CXCR2, CXCL8 e NFKB1 foram encontradas entre a forma difusa e a forma limitada. Estes resultados indicam um potencial papel do gene IL-10 e da combinação CXCR2/CXCL8 na patogênese da ES. / Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrotic, immunological and vascular abnormalities. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), as a key transcription factor involved in the regulation of immune responses, appears to be a good candidate for studies on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, as well as the interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphism, and CXCL8 and CXCR2 chemokines. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of genes CXCR2 and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It is believed that combinations of these genes may be favorable for the development of SSc, and this knowledge can contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of SSc. The objective of this study is to investigate the polymorphism of IL-10, CXCR2, CXCL8 and NFKB1 in a group of patients with SSc, including diffuse and limited subtypes of the disease. Our results confirm the association of high-producing phenotype (GCC/GCC) with increased risk for SSc, but found no correlation with NFKB1 polymorphisms. Our findings also suggest a protective role of CXCL8 (-251) A in the CXCR2 (+1208) TT and TC genotypes and an increased risk of CXCL8 (-251) A in association with the CXCR2 (+1208) CC genotype in SSc patients. No statistical difference in the polymorphism of IL-10, NFKB1, CXCR2 and CXCL8 were found between the diffuse and limited SSc. These results indicate a potential role of the IL-10 gene and the combination CXCR2/CXCL8 in the pathogenesis of SSc.

A esclerose sistêmica (ES) é uma doença difusa do tecido conjuntivo caracterizada por anormalidades fibróticas, imunológicas e vasculares. O fator nuclear-kB (NF-kB), como um fator de transcrição essencial envolvido na regulação de respostas imunitárias, parece ser um bom candidato para estudos sobre a patogênese de doenças autoimunes, bem como a interleucina-10 (IL-10) e as quimiocinas, CXCL8 e CXCR2. Vários estudos demonstram o envolvimento dos genes CXCR2 e IL-10 na patogênese das doenças autoimunes. Acredita-se que combinações desses genes possam ser favoráveis para o desenvolvimento da ES, podendo seu conhecimento ser benéfico para o entendimento da patogênese da ES. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o polimorfismo dos genes IL-10, CXCR2, CXCL8 e NFKB1 em um grupo de pacientes com ES, incluindo a forma difusa e limitada da doença. Nossos resultados confirmam a associação do fenótipo de alta produção (GCC + / GCC +) com risco aumentado para ES, mas não encontrou nenhuma correlação com polimorfismos do NF-KB. Nossos achados também sugerem um papel protetor da CXCL8 (- 251) A nos genótipos TT e TC do gene CXCR2 (+1208) e um risco aumentado do CXCL8 (-251) A em associação com o genótipo CC do CXCR2 (+1208) em pacientes com ES. Nenhuma diferença estatística no polimorfismo dos genes IL-10, CXCR2, CXCL8 e NFKB1 foram encontradas entre a forma difusa e a forma limitada. Estes resultados indicam um potencial papel do gene IL-10 e da combinação CXCR2/CXCL8 na patogênese da ES. / Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrotic, immunological and vascular abnormalities. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), as a key transcription factor involved in the regulation of immune responses, appears to be a good candidate for studies on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, as well as the interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphism, and CXCL8 and CXCR2 chemokines. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of genes CXCR2 and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It is believed that combinations of these genes may be favorable for the development of SSc, and this knowledge can contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of SSc. The objective of this study is to investigate the polymorphism of IL-10, CXCR2, CXCL8 and NFKB1 in a group of patients with SSc, including diffuse and limited subtypes of the disease. Our results confirm the association of high-producing phenotype (GCC/GCC) with increased risk for SSc, but found no correlation with NFKB1 polymorphisms. Our findings also suggest a protective role of CXCL8 (-251) A in the CXCR2 (+1208) TT and TC genotypes and an increased risk of CXCL8 (-251) A in association with the CXCR2 (+1208) CC genotype in SSc patients. No statistical difference in the polymorphism of IL-10, NFKB1, CXCR2 and CXCL8 were found between the diffuse and limited SSc. These results indicate a potential role of the IL-10 gene and the combination CXCR2/CXCL8 in the pathogenesis of SSc.

No description available.

No description available.

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric conditions within primary care, affecting up to 29% of people across their lifetime. Generalized Anxiety disorder (GAD) is frequently comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), resulting in greater functional impairment. Gut microbiota have been shown to modulate brain chemistry and function, possibly also playing a role in the genesis of anxiety. Bacteria are also able to produce, or interact with the host metabolism of neuroactive substances, including classical neurotransmitters and trace amines, like octopamine, which although found in trace concentrations in the mammalian brain, can affect CNS function. Specifically, trace amines can affect catecholamine release, reuptake and biosynthesis, and modulate dopamine and serotonin metabolism. We investigated whether microbiota from patients with GAD with no signs of immune activation can alter behaviour in gnotobiotic mice and whether this is accompanied by changes in metabolites within the gastrointestinal tract. Germ-free NIH Swiss mice (n=35) were colonized with microbiota from either a GAD patient (n=18) with severe anxiety, comorbid depression, and low serum and fecal octopamine, or an age and sex-matched healthy control (HC) (n=17). Three weeks post- colonization, mouse behaviour was assessed by standard psychometric tests. Emotionality z-scores were calculated to provide a robust integrated behavioural assessment. Microbiota profiles were assessed by 16S rRNA based Illumina, fecal β-defensin-3 level was measured by ELISA. After sacrifice, mouse brain BDNF and GDNF expression was assessed by immunofluorescence, and gene expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and olfactory bulbs was assessed by Nanostring. Stool and cecum metabolites were measured in all colonized mice by multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS). There were no differences in fecal β-defensin levels between mice colonized with GAD microbiota as compared to mice colonized with HC microbiota. However, GAD mice exhibited greater anxiety and depressive-like behavior compared to HC mice in the digging and tail suspensions tests. Behavioural z-scoring across all six standard psychometric tests showed a significant increase in group emotionality score means of GAD-colonized mice compared to HC-colonized mice. Mice colonized with microbiota from a GAD patient had distinct bacterial profiles from mice colonized with HC microbiota. Compared to HC mice, GAD mice had lower levels of dopamine, octopamine and acetylcholine in cecum contents. Furthermore, GAD mice had higher expression of BDNF in the amygdala, lower expression of BDNF in the hippocampus, and lower expression of GDNF in the midbrain. GAD mice also had lower expression of CCR2 in the hippocampus, higher Cnlp/CAMP in the amygdala and olfactory bulb, and higher Nfkb1 in the olfactory bulb compared to HC mice. Our results suggest that microbiota from a selected patient with GAD has the ability to induce anxiety and depressive-like behavior, by mechanisms independent of immune system, likely by altered production of biogenic amines and neurotransmitters. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

L’ostéonécrose (ON) et les fractures (FR) sont des complications qui prennent de plus en plus place dans le traitement pédiatrique de la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique (LAL). L’ON peut être causée par différents facteurs, dont principalement l’utilisation de glucocorticoïdes. Les glucocorticoïdes sont administrés lors du traitement de la leucémie dans le but d’initier l’apoptose des cellules malignes tout en ayant un effet anti-inflammatoire. Cependant, l’utilisation de ces corticostéroïdes comprend des effets secondaires sérieux, notamment le développement d’ostéonécrose. Des variantes génétiques peuvent mettre certains patients plus à risque que d’autres. Plusieurs gènes ont déjà été signalés comme régulés par les actions glucocorticoïdes (GC). Les variations génétiques présentes dans les régions régulatrices de ces gènes peuvent affecter leur fonctionnement normal et, en fin de compte, de déterminer un risque accru de développer l’ON associé au traitement contre la leucémie. Pour cette raison, plusieurs polymorphismes ont été identifiés et étudiés dans la cohorte QcALL de Ste-Justine, concernant les gènes suivants : ABCB1, ACP1, BCL2L11, NFKB1, PARP1, et SHMT1. Ces gènes jouent majoritairement un rôle dans les mécanismes d’action des glucocorticoïdes, mais quelques-uns ont plutôt un effet direct sur le développement d’ostéonécrose. Nos recherches ont démontré une corrélation entre ces polymorphismes et l’apparition d’ostéonécrose chez les patients de la cohorte QcALL, traités aux glucocorticoïdes. L'incidence cumulative de l'ostéonécrose a été évaluée rétrospectivement chez 305 enfants atteints de la leucémie qui ont subi un traitement à l’hôpital Ste-Justine selon les protocoles DFCI de Boston (87-01, 91-01, 95-01 et 2000-01). Parmi les huit polymorphismes de BCL2L11 étudiés, les 891T> G (rs2241843) et 29201C> T (rs724710) ont été significativement associés à ON (p = 0.01 et p = 0.03, respectivement). L'association du polymorphisme 891T> G a été modulée par le type de corticostéroïde (CS), l’âge, le sexe et le groupe à risque (p ≤ 0,05). Le polymorphisme 29201C> T était particulièrement apparent chez les patients à haut risque (p = 0,003). La même étude était conduite en parallèle sur des patients de la cohorte DFCI de Boston (N = 192), et montrait des résultats significatifs pour les polymorphismes étudiés. En conclusion, les résultats de cette étude permettront de confirmer l’association de ces polymorphismes au développement d’ON chez les patients de LLA traités aux GC. / Osteonecrosis (ON) and fractures (FR) are complications that take place in the treatment of children acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL). They can be caused by various factors, mainly using glucocorticoids. The corticosteroids, dexamethasone (DXM) and prednisone (PDN) are administered during the treatment of leukemia to initiate apoptosis of malignant cells; while having an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the use of these corticosteroids has severe side effects, including the development of osteonecrosis. Moreover, some patients develop resistance to treatment, and are at risk of developing side effects. The genetic variants predispose some patients at higher risk than others. Several genes have been previously reported as up- or down regulated by the GCs actions. The genetic variations present in gene coding or regulatory regions can affect their function and ultimately determine an increased risk of developing ON associated to ALL therapy. Therefore, we investigated the association between several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six candidate genes: BCL2L11, NFKB1, PARP1, ABCB1, ACP1, and SHMT1. These genes play a role in the mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids, but some have more of a direct effect on the development of osteonecrosis. Our research has shown a correlation between these polymorphisms and the occurrence of osteonecrosis in patients in the QCALL cohort, treated with glucocorticoids. Cumulative incidence of osteonecrosis was assessed retrospectively in 305 children with ALL who underwent treatment with DFCI protocols (87-01, 91-01, 95-01 and 2000-01) in childhood ALL cohort from Quebec (QcALL). Among the eight tag BCL2L11 polymorphisms studied the 891T>G (rs2241843) and 29201C>T (rs724710) were significantly associated with ON (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Association of 891T>G polymorphism was modulated by type of corticosteroid (CS), age, sex and risk group (p ≤ 0.05 and that of 29201C>T was particularly apparent among high risk (p = 0.003) patients. These polymorphisms have shown significant ON association in several QcALL risk groups, mainly in corticosteroid groups, age < 10 years, and high risk (HR) group. Furthermore, the same study was conducted in parallel with patients in the replication (DFCI) cohort (N = 192), and we showed significant genetic association results for all studied polymorphisms. In conclusion, this study identifies that some ALL children have a high incidence of ON during the treatment that is highly associated with polymorphisms in different genes regulated by corticosteroids and ALL prognostic factors.