A new method of numerical integration is presented here, the variable-step Stormer-Cowell method. The method uses error control to regulate the step size, so larger step sizes can be taken when possible, and is double-integration, so only one evaluation per step is necessary when integrating second-order differential equations. The method is not variable-order, because variable-order algorithms require a second evaluation. The variable-step Stormer-Cowell method is designed for space surveillance applications,which require numerical integration methods to track orbiting objects accurately. Because of the large number of objects being processed, methods that can integrate the equations of motion as fast as possible while maintaining accuracy requirements are desired. The force model used for earth-orbiting objects is quite complex and computationally expensive, so methods that minimize the force model evaluations are needed. The new method is compared to the fixed-step Gauss-Jackson method, as well as a method of analytic step regulation (s-integration), and the variable-step variable-order Shampine-Gordon integrator. Speed and accuracy tests of these methods indicate that the new method is comparable in speed and accuracy to s-integration in most cases, though the variable-step Stormer-Cowell method has an advantage over s-integration when drag is a significant factor. The new method is faster than the Shampine-Gordon integrator, because the Shampine-Gordon integrator uses two evaluations per step, and is biased toward keeping the step size constant. Tests indicate that both the new variable-step Stormer-Cowell method and s-integration have an advantage over the fixed-step Gauss-Jackson method for orbits with eccentricities greater than 0.15. / Ph. D.

Kopplingen mellan positiva emotioner och olika motivationstyper är ett område som är väl beforskat, men trots det finns det luckor. Syftet med denna studie har varit att studera korrelationen mellan positiva emotioner och olika motivationstyper i den laborativa kemiundervisningen, men även studera skillnader i dessa faktorer hos olika elevgrupper. För att svara på dessa frågor genomfördes en enkätstudie där elevernas positiva emotioner och motivationstyper för den laborativa kemiundervisningen undersökts. Resultatet av denna studie indikerar att det finns positiva korrelationer mellan de mer inre motivationstyperna och positiva emotioner, men även att det finns signifikanta skillnader i dessa faktorer hos olika elevgrupper. Vår studie bidrar till en djupare förståelse till lärare för hur elevers motivation hänger samman med deras emotioner och till vad lärare kan ha i beaktning i planeringen av laborativa moment.

There is at the present time a need for a great deal more study regarding the way in which wage payments are determined. Are wages determined or fixed by natural law? Or are they administered through the conscious effort of man? It will be the purpose of this study to partially investigate the determination of wages both theoretical and actual. Perhaps some insight may be gained that will give rough answers to the above questions.

Inhalants are a critical, under-studied substance used by young adolescents in the United States (U.S.). Despite the serious negative consequences that can accompany use (most notably neuropsychological damage) the topic of inhalants has been neglected by clinicians and prevention scientists, particularly in comparison to other drugs. The present research focused on the etiology of U.S. adolescent inhalant use in two ways, both of which utilized large, nationally representative data sets for secondary data analysis. Study I examined long-terms trends in inhalant use prevalence rates and changing proportions of gender and ethnic groups among lifetime inhalant users. Study I also evaluated the effects of policies aimed at other drugs, including regional "three strikes laws" and national methamphetamine laws, on changing inhalant use prevalence rates among twelfth graders. Inhalant use increased during the early-1990s but has declined from the mid-1990s to the present day; lifetime inhalant users have increasingly become female and non-White. Importantly, "three strikes laws" and a national methamphetamine law were related to increases in annual inhalant use rates for twelfth graders. Study II evaluated the applicability of Self-Determination Theory (SDT)-related constructs, namely self-perceived autonomy, competence and parental relatedness, to concurrent and prospective inhalant use. Competence was consistently related to inhalant use and inhalant use severity; parental relatedness was related to concurrent but not prospective use and use severity. The findings from both studies are discussed in terms of their commonalities and differences, implications for clinicians and prevention scientists, overall strengths and limitations, and directions for future inhalant use research. / Master of Science

No / This paper argues that recent struggles against neoliberal axioms such as free trade and open markets have led to a militant reframing of global civil society by grassroots social movements. It contests that this struggle to invest the concept of global civil society with transformative potential rests upon an identifiable praxis, a strange attractor that disturbs other civil society actors, through its re-articulation of a politics that privileges self-organization, direct action, and direct democracy. The paper further suggests that the emergence of this antagonistic orientation is best understood through the lens of complexity theory and offers some conceptual tools to begin the process of analyzing global civil society as an outcome and effect of global complexity

The goal of this sequential explanatory mixed methods research study was to advance the literature on organizational inclusivity for underrepresented minority groups working in professional agricultural careers. This study sought to understand the relationship between basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) and motivation amongst minorities that both did and did not participate in the co-educational national society MANRRS (Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources and Related Sciences). Understanding this relationship, in turn, hoped to reveal what motivating factors work best to improve feelings of inclusivity within an organization. Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination theory was utilized to guide the development and organization of the research objectives for this study. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify selected demographic characteristics based on MANRRS member and non-member status (e.g. gender, race/ethnicity, age, highest degree earned, current position in career, state of residence, years of involvement in MANRRS as an undergraduate student, frequency of interaction with other members of underrepresented minority groups within their current position, etc.); 2) determine levels of organizational inclusion based on MANRRS member and non-member status; 3) determine levels of intrinsic work motivation based on MANRRS member and non-member status; 4) determine levels of satisfaction in the areas of autonomy, relatedness, and competence based on MANRRS member and non-member status; 5) determine levels of self-efficacy based on MANRRS member and non-member status; and, 6) explain variance in levels of perceived inclusion by selected variables (e.g. age, highest degree earned, and frequency of interaction with other members of underrepresented minority groups within their current position). Additionally, key findings indicated that MANRRS participants were lower in their satisfaction of the need for competence in the workplace when compared against non-MANRRS participants. / Doctor of Philosophy / Professional agricultural organizations are focused on creating a more diverse and inclusive workforce due to changing demographics within the United States. MANRRS (Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources and Related Sciences) is a co-educational national society that aims to introduce underrepresented minority students to the educational and professional opportunities available in agriculture, and to connect employers in the agricultural sector with highly qualified prospects for employment. With MANRRS being a source for recruitment of minority students into agricultural professions, this sequential explanatory mixed methods study will explore the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, competence, psychological relatedness) and motivation as they specifically relate to former MANRRS participants' (from 2013 to 2018) perceived feelings of inclusion in professional agricultural organizations. Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination theory was utilized to guide the development and organization of the research objectives for this study. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify selected demographic characteristics based on MANRRS member and non-member status (e.g. gender, race/ethnicity, age, highest degree earned, current position in career, state of residence, years of involvement in MANRRS as an undergraduate student, frequency of interaction with other members of underrepresented minority groups within their current position, etc.); 2) determine levels of organizational inclusion based on MANRRS member and non-member status; 3) determine levels of intrinsic work motivation based on MANRRS member and non-member status; 4) determine levels of satisfaction in the areas of autonomy, relatedness, and competence based on MANRRS member and non-member status; 5) determine levels of self-efficacy based on MANRRS member and non-member status; and, 6) explain variance in levels of perceived inclusion by selected variables (e.g. age, highest degree earned, and frequency of interaction with other members of underrepresented minority groups within their current position). Additionally, key findings indicated that MANRRS participants were lower in their satisfaction of the need for competence in the workplace when compared against non-MANRRS participants. This study is intended to help identify characteristics or factors that may contribute to improving feelings of inclusion when entering agricultural careers.

Yes / In each generation, the germline is tasked with producing somatic lineages that form the body, and segregating a population of cells for gametogenesis. During animal development, when do cells of the germline irreversibly commit to producing gametes? Integrating findings from diverse species, we conclude that the final commitment of the germline to gametogenesis - the process of germ cell determination - occurs after primordial germ cells (PGCs) colonize the gonads. Combining this understanding with medical findings, we present a model whereby germ cell tumors arise from cells that failed to undertake germ cell determination, regardless of their having colonized the gonads. We propose that the diversity of cell types present in these tumors reflects the broad developmental potential of migratory PGCs. / This work was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute where D.C.P. is an Investigator, and the Frontier Research Program from the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. P.K.N. is a recipient of the Hope Funds for Cancer Research Fellowship (HFCR-15-06-06) and an Early Career Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (GNT1053776).

Autonomous physical activity (PA) is challenging for adults with Down syndrome (DS) therefore PA programs tailored around facilitators of PA in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) that also align with Self-determination theory (SDT) components could be a feasible and effective way of increasing PA. The purpose was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a physical activity program based on self-determination theory in adults with Down syndrome. A dance program was conducted twice a week for 8 weeks. Each session was 60 minutes long. Adults with DS (n = 8) were tested before and after intervention for basic psychological needs satisfaction and physical performance. There were significant changes in some physical and psychological measures. The study demonstrated that a low-resource dance program based on SDT can be a feasible and effective way to engage adults with DS in physical activity

Sammanfattning  Titel: En undersökning om hur autentiskt ledarskap påverkar motivationsorientering och laguppoffring inom damfotbollen på elitnivå Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Frida Ernsten och Ronja Karlsson Törnborg  Handledare: Dr. Jonas Kågström och biträdande Martin Ahlenius Datum: 2024 - maj Syfte: Studien undersöker hur ledarskap påverkar damfotbollens resultat och hur det kan förbättra ledarskapspraktiken inom elitidrott. Genom att fokusera på autentiskt ledarskap och dess inverkan på laguppoffring, motivationsorientering och lagets prestation, bidrar studien till en mer strategisk syn på ledarskap inom sporten. Metod: Metodologin för denna studie är av kvantitativ karaktär med en deduktiv ansats. Data samlades in genom en webbaserad enkät som distribuerades till ett urval av lag i Sveriges högsta serier inom damfotboll. Den beräknade populationen bestod av 975 spelare och resulterade i 200 svar. För att analysera datan användes statistikprogrammet JASP. Korrelationsanalyser har använts för att redovisa och tolka resultaten.    Resultat & slutsats:  Studien visar att autentiskt ledarskap spelar en avgörande roll för damfotbollens resultat och lagets prestation. Genom att främja öppenhet, kommunikation och självbestämmande skapar autentiska ledare en positiv motivationsorientering bland spelarna, vilket leder till ökad laganda och vilja att göra uppoffringar för lagets bästa. Denna atmosfär av samarbete och engagemang förbättrar lagets prestation och fokus på gemensamma mål, vilket kan hjälpa laget att nå nya höjder under autentiskt ledarskap. Förslag till vidare forskning: Potentiella forskningsområden inkluderar ytterligare undersökningar av autentiska ledarstilar, jämförelser med andra ledarskapsmodeller och kulturella skillnader i tolkningen av autentiskt ledarskap samt dess långsiktiga effekter på spelarnas livsmiljöer och välbefinnande.  Nyckelord: Autentiskt ledarskap, laguppoffring, motivationsorientering, Self Determination Theory / Abstract Title: An investigation into how authentic leadership affects motivational orientation and team sacrifice in women's football at the elite level Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration  Authors: Frida Ernsten och Ronja Karlsson Törnborg  Supervisors: Dr. Jonas Kågström and assistant Martin Ahlenius Date: 2024 - May Aim: The study investigates how leadership affects the outcomes of women's football and how it can improve leadership practices in elite sports. By focusing on authentic leadership and its impact on team sacrifice, motivational orientation, and team performance, the study contributes to a more strategic view of leadership within the sport. Method: The methodology of this study is quantitative with a deductive approach. Data was collected through a web-based survey distributed to a selection of teams in Sweden's top leagues in women's football. The estimated population consisted of 975 players and resulted in 200 responses. The statistical software JASP was used to analyze the data. Correlation analyses have been used to present and interpret the results. Result & Conclusions: The study demonstrates that authentic leadership plays a crucial role in the outcomes of women's football and the team's performance. By fostering openness, communication and autonomy, authentic leaders cultivate a positive motivational orientation among players, resulting in increased team spirit and willingness to make sacrifices for the team's benefit. This atmosphere of collaboration and commitment enhances the team's performance and focus on shared goals, potentially propelling the team to new heights under authentic leadership. Suggestions for future research: Potential research areas include further investigations into authentic leadership styles, comparisons with other leadership models, cultural differences in the interpretation of authentic leadership, and its long-term effects on players' life environments and well-being. Key words: Authentic leadership, team sacrifice, motivational orientation, Self-determination theory

Yes / Microemulsion is a stable, isotropic clear solution consisting of oil based substance, water surfactant and cosurfactant. There are two types of microemulsion which are used as a mobile phase; water in oil (w/o) and oil in water (o/w).Microemulsion has a strong ability to solubilize both hydrophobic and hydrophilic analytes, therefore reducing the pre-treatment of the sample which is needed for the complex sample. Recent reports found that separating the analytes by using microemulsion high performance liquid chromatography can be achieved with superior speed and efficiency compared to conventional HPLC modes. In this work, Oil in water (o/w) microemulsion has been used for the determination of nifedipine in pharmaceutical preparation. The effect of each parameter on the separation process was examined. The samples were injected into C18, analytical columns maintained at 30°C with a flow rate 1 ml/min. The mobile phase was 87.1% aqueous orthophosphate buffer 15 mM (adjusted to pH 3 with orthophosphoric acid), 0.8% of octane as oil, 4.5 SDS, and 7.6% 1-butanol, all w/w. The nifedipine and internal standard peaks were detected by UV detection at λ max 237 nm The calibration curve was linear (r2=0.9995) over nifedipine concentrations ranging from 1 to 60 μg/ml (n=6). The method has good sensitivity with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.33 μg/ml and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.005 μg/ ml. Also it has an excellent accuracy ranging from 99.11 to 101.64%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD %) were <0.45% and <0.9%, respectively.