The master´s thesis focuses on comparing of requirements of accounting statements which were made up according to the Czech legislation and International Financial Reporting Standards – IAS/IFRS. The main topic of the work is to compare differences between the both systems and their impact on statement information. The differences are based on the data of a selected company.

Recently the Internet with XML technologies and especially XBRL technology has impacted what is recognised as the financial reporting supply chain. Some claims in the market report that XBRL has the potential to reduce inefficiencies, automate and optimise the financial reporting supply chain. Nevertheless the real nature of the impact still remains unclear. The growing number of XBRL projects around the world together with strong interest from bodies such as the SEC in the United States, CEBS in the European Union and the IASB building XBRL taxonomies demonstrate the need for research in the area of XBRL application in the context of financial accounting and accounting information systems as well as in the financial reporting supply chain context. In order to answer the demand on the research in this area this research addresses financial reporting supply chain on the basis of financial accounting literature. With the introduction of information systems for enterprises, financial reporting was often discussed as a part of the AIS literature. Nevertheless the supply chain character and information systems context of financial reporting are rarely considered in the research literature in any theoretically constituent manner. This study examines the impact of XBRL on the financial reporting supply chain architecture. First goal of this thesis is to properly state and set the boundaries of financial reporting supply chain. In order to realise the goal modelling of financial reporting domain as financial reporting supply chain architecture is conducted. The second goal is to critically assess impact of XBRL on the modelled financial reporting supply chain architecture components. This assessment is conducted by enhancing financial reporting supply chain architecture with XBRL components thus modelling XBRL financial reporting supply chain architecture. The secondary goal of the assessment is the construction of the reference model of XBRL financial reporting supply chain architecture.

Im Zuge der zunehmenden Digitalisierung von Unternehmens- und Finanzdaten war es ein Industriekonsortium, das auf Basis der eXtensible Markup Language (XML) die Sprache eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) entwickelte und damit die Finanzberichterstattung in ein neues Zeitalter versetzte. Internetbasiert, plattform-unabhängig, vergleichbar, transparent und in Echtzeit sollen Geschäftsdaten mittels der XBRL übertragen werden und zur Verfügung stehen. Die kumulative Dissertation untersucht dazu den Spannungsbogen zwischen Flexibilität und Automatisierbarkeit im Rahmen der XBRL-basierten Finanzberichterstattung. Neben der wissenschaftstheoretischen Auseinandersetzung mit Standards gibt die Dissertation einen systematischen Überblick von wissenschaftlichen Publikation zur XBRL-Forschung. Im Detail erbringt die Arbeit einen umfassenden und systematischen empirischen Nachweis zur Verwendung von erweiterten Berichtskonzepten sowie den empirischen Nachweis der Ausprägungen von einzelnen Konflikttypen in XBRL-basierten Finanzberichten und erweitert somit die bestehende wissenschaftliche Literatur um die gewonnenen Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse. Die darauf aufbauende Methode steigert die Vergleichbarkeit der Finanzberichte und verwendet Techniken, welche Konflikte erkennen und diese nach Konflikttypen unterscheiden. Gleichzeitig werden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Arbeit verdeutlicht und zukünftige Forschungsthemen aufgeführt.

In the information age, KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) are commonly used for business performance measurement in organizations; however there’s no single best way about how to implement KPIs, which means that a company can select any arbitrary suitable KPIs. The thesis will do research and investigations based on existing academic theory and a case study in an international logistic company. The research was aiming at helping organizations to develop and implement successful KPIs that are effective, complete, and aligned with their business strategy and which conforms to scientific theories for how KPIs can be implemented. I designed a framework which was combined with the critical factors of successful KPIs in the scientific theories, the framework was designed for helping companies diagnosing and improving the effectiveness, completeness and alignment of their KPIs. . The aim was fulfilled by successfully testing the proposed framework in a case study. The result from the case study shows that there was a gap between how the KPIs are used and the scientific theories of how they should be used. However the framework need to be further tested in future research for a general usefulness.

Abstract Problem: As sustainability grows larger in importance for consumers, so does the demand for information on companies’ sustainability work. In this situation, greenwashing has become a viable strategy for companies to use as a competitive advantage. Therefore, the EU came with a new directive in order to counteract this type of misleading behavior, the non-financial reporting directive (NFRD). Although many positive outcomes have come from non-financial reporting, the aspect of transparency remains uncharted.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it investigates how the non-financial reporting EU directive has impacted the transparency towards business partners active within the Swedish food industry. Secondly, the purpose is to explore how the Swedish non-financial reporting law benefits actors within the food industry. This paper embraces stakeholder theory. For the purpose of researching the topic of this paper, food production companies in Sweden were specifically chosen to narrow down the sample. Aim: This study aims to investigate the impacts of the NFRD on transparency and external communication, and through this, evaluate the efficiency of the directive and Swedish national law, which derives from the multi-national legislation, on transparency. Method: In this research, interpretivism was used as the guiding research approach. Being a qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were used as the primary source of data collection. Interviews were transcribed, and then coded and analyzed according to standard procedures.  Result and Conclusion: The results of the empirical findings were that the directive does not impact the transparency on Swedish partners at any significant level. It was also found that the primary benefits of the national non-financial reporting law of Sweden are not directed towards customers or partners, but rather the focal business, investors, and competitors. The main benefits were that the reports raised awareness for sustainability within the firm, they are of great use for benchmarking, as well as that the reports serve as useful information for green investors.

In Statement No. 33, "Financial Reporting and Changing Prices," the FASB requires that some large companies disclose their historical cost/constant dollar and current cost information in the published financial statements. One of the purposes of these disclosures is to help users of the financial statements in assessing future cash flows. This study was directed toward the examination of the effects of the different levels of disclosures on cash flow projections.

Процесс реформирования системы бухгалтерского учета в Китае и России относительно сложен. В процессе реформы бухгалтерского учета в обеих странах исходная система учета не может удовлетворять требованиям экономического развития в связи с изменением национальной системы управления экономикой. Так как Россия и Китай активно участвуют в мировой торговле, то они должны применять единый с другими странами язык финансовой отчетности. В деле гармонизации национальных учетных стандартов развитие МФСО является одним из наиболее важных процессов. Мировые стандарты уже внедряются в российские и китайские компании, но не в должной степени. Исходя из этого, актуальность вопроса о существующих проблемах представлении финансовой отчетности в соответствии с МСФО остается постоянной. / The accounting reform process in China and Russia is relatively complex. In the process of accounting reform in both countries, the original accounting system cannot meet the requirements of economic development due to changes in the national economic management system. Since Russia and China are actively involved in world trade, they must use the same language of financial reporting with other countries. In the matter of harmonizing national accounting standards, the development of IFRS is one of the most important processes. World standards are already being implemented in Russian and Chinese companies, but not to the required extent. Based on this, the relevance of the issue of existing problems in the presentation of financial statements in accordance by IFRS remains constant.

Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованных источников и приложения. Первая глава содержит теоретические основы анализа финансовой отчетности и нормативных документов по бухгалтерскому учету в Китае, порядок анализа финансовой отчетности и нормативных документов по бухгалтерскому учету в России и характеристику основных методов анализа финансовой отчетности. Во второй главе проведен подробный анализ деятельности на предприятиях двух страх на основе представленной ими финансовой отчетности. В третьей главе проведен подробный статистический анализ развития цифровой экономики России и Китая. В заключении сформированы основные выводы. / The structure of the master's thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications. The first chapter contains the theoretical foundations for the analysis of financial statements and accounting regulations in China, the procedure for analyzing financial statements and accounting regulations in Russia, and a description of the main methods for analyzing financial statements. In the second chapter, a detailed analysis of the activities at the enterprises of two fears is carried out on the basis of their financial statements. The third chapter provides a detailed statistical analysis of the development of the digital economy in Russia and China. In conclusion, the main conclusions are formed.

Background: Family firms represent the majority of firms worldwide, and are regarded as a crucial part of the global economy. Despite that, there is little known about their objectives of financial reporting i.e how they use, produce and value their financial reports. In accounting literature two objectives of financial reporting are presented, a stewardship objective and a decision usefulness objective. Previous research within family business have found that family firms differ from non-family firms and that family firms utilize socioemotional wealth protection as a main reference point when making decisions.  Purpose: This study aims to provide an understanding of how family firms perceive the objective of their financial reporting and how this is shaped by SEW. Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative method and implemented through semi-structured interviews. Nine family firms participated in the study, where eight family members were interviewed and two non-family members.  Conclusion: The result suggest that four out of the five FIBER dimensions (of SEW), family influence and control, identification of family members with the firm, binding social ties and emotional attachment influence the family firm's objective of their financial reports. Meanwhile, for the fifth dimension, renewal of family bonds to the firm through dynastic succession, our study suggests that future successions do not have an influence on the family firm's perceived objective of financial reporting.

Yes / This paper uses panel cointegration with a corresponding vector error correction model (VECM) to investigate the changes in the value relevance of accounting information before and after the mandatory adoption of IFRS in Germany and the UK under three different valuation models. First, a basic Ohlson model, where our results indicate that despite the value relevance of the book values of equity has declined, it has been replaced by the increasing prominence of earnings in both Germany and the UK after the switch to the IFRS. Second, a modified model, which shows that the incremental value relevance of both earnings and book values are considerably higher in the long term for firms in the UK than in Germany. Third, a simultaneous addition of accounting and macroeconomic variables in an extended model, which indicates a significant rise in the relative predictive power of the book value of equity in the UK compared with the more noticeable impact on the value relevance of earnings in Germany. Collectively, the results of these models indicate that: (i) the explanatory power of linear equity valuation models is higher in UK than in the Germany, (ii) a long-run Granger-causal relationship exists between accounting variables and share prices in common law countries like the UK. Nevertheless, the implications of our findings lie in the knowledge that the potential costs of switching to the IFRS is completely nullified within three years by the benefits arising from a reduction in information asymmetry and earning mismanagement among firms which are listed on the stock exchanges of both common law and code law-based EU countries.