Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rejane Gomes de Sousa.pdf: 2986940 bytes, checksum: e5f470e52ffd690a50aa1be202d04346 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-06 / The economic globalization impact has created the need to introduce accounting models that could standardize financial statements to be understood and used by different users in several parts of the world. The information symmetry lack -- where the same transaction could generate different information, depending on the country of origin -- undermined investors‟ and creditors‟ decisions, as there was nothing standards for decision making. In order to harmonize the International Accounting Practices, in 2000 the International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO) recommended that the capital market regulators in each country authorized multinational companies to submit their financial statements according to the International Accounting Standards. The International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) was responsible for the working up of international standards, that is, for the worldwide accepted Accounting Standard that is already in convergence process in more than 100 countries. In Brazil, the Law Amendment nº 6.404/76 led to the Law nº 11.638/07, bringing significant implications to companies required to follow the Law S/A. Among them, the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM) should issue its norms according to the International Accounting Standards. Consequently, the Brazilian Accounting Standards undergone a gradual process of converging its accounting standards to the International Accounting Standards by means of a process coordinated by the Committee of Accounting Pronouncements (CPC). In 2009, the Technical Pronouncement PME - Accounting for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises - was approved by the CPC. This study aims at contributing to the preparation of small and medium-sized enterprises for meeting the market demands, thus making them more competitive. The objective is to identify the main changes of accounting information aligned with international standards. The study was carried out through a literature review applicable to the International Accounting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. The final remarks show that the convergence process brings challenges, as well as that one can have a higher quality and reliability by applying the standard accounting information / O impacto da globalização da economia gerou a necessidade de implantar modelos contábeis que padronizassem as demonstrações para que elas fossem compreendidas e utilizadas por diferentes usuários em diversos lugares do mundo. A falta de simetria nas informações, onde uma mesma transação poderia gerar informações diferentes, dependendo do seu país de origem, prejudicava as decisões de investidores e credores, visto que não havia padrões para tomada de decisão. Visando harmonizar as práticas contábeis internacionais, a International Organization of Securities Comission (IOSCO), no ano de 2000, recomendou que os órgãos reguladores de mercado de capitais, em cada pais, autorizassem as sociedades multinacionais a apresentar as suas demonstrações financeiras de acordo com as normas internacionais de contabilidade. O Internacional Accounting Standard Board (IASB) ficou responsável pela elaboração de normas internacionais, ou seja o padrão único de contabilidade aceito mundialmente, que já esta em processo de convergência em mais de 100 países. No Brasil, a alteração da Lei nº. 6.404/76 deu origem à Lei nº. 11.638/07, que trouxe implicações significativas para as empresas, obrigadas a seguir a Lei da S/A, entre elas, que a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) deveria expedir suas normas de acordo com os padrões internacionais de contabilidade, e gradativamente as normas contábeis brasileiras convergiram para as normas internacionais, por meio de um processo coordenado pelo Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC). Em 2009, foi aprovado pelo CPC o Pronunciamento Técnico PME Contabilidade para Pequenas e Medias Empresas. Este trabalho busca contribuir para que as empresas de pequeno e médio porte se preparem para as exigências do mercado, tornando-as mais competitivas. O objetivo é verificar as principais mudanças trazidas nas informações contábeis alinhadas às normas internacionais. O estudo se dá por meio de revisão bibliográfica aplicável a norma internacional de contabilidade para Pequenas e Médias Empresas. Nas considerações finais é possível verificar que o processo de convergência traz desafios e, ao adotar as normas, o padrão de informações contábeis tem-se maior qualidade, aumentando a confiabilidade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andressa Iovine Martins.pdf: 966964 bytes, checksum: 248f9e16ad44bb1f5626d2d61ce7295e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-18 / This study has two main objectives: to determine whether the disclosure of annual financial and accounting statements of companies in the electric energy sector, in the period under review, caused abnormal returns in relation to stocks included in the sample in question, as well as to assess whether the disclosure in the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS-GAAP), from 2009 on, caused more meaningful and more statistically relevant returns than the earning announcements carried out in the Brazilian standards (BR-GAAP). In order to accomplish that, an event study based on the methodology of Mackinlay (1997) was conducted, in which the studied event was the publication of the accounting and financial statements of 13 companies in the electrical energy sector throughout the period from 2007 to 2011, amounting to 65 events which were part of the initial sample. The final studied sample, after deleting events not eligible for analysis, resulted in 62 events, which were also segregated by year 2007-2008 (BR-GAAP); 2009-2011 (IFRS-GAAP) and, later, by portfolio of "Good News" and "Bad News" within the periods considered in relation to BR-GAAP and IFRS-GAAP. The results indicated that the earning announcements of the companies in the electric energy sector, throughout the period from 2007 to 2011, generated abnormal returns around the date of the event in relation to stocks of the sample. With regard to the segregation by portfolios of "Good News" and "Bad News", only the first led to an early reaction of the market and with statistical significance. Finally, unlike what was expected, it was not possible to affirm that the abnormal returns of the IFRS-GAAP sample were greater than the BRGAAP sample, but on the contrary, the BR GAAP sample returns, around the date of the event, were higher and with greater statistical relevance than the IFRS-GAAP samples / O presente trabalho apresentou dois principais objetivos: verificar se a divulgação das demonstrações contábeis e financeiras anuais das empresas do setor elétrico, no período em análise, gerou retornos anormais das ações integrantes da amostra, bem como, avaliar se a divulgação nos padrões internacionais de contabilidade (IFRS-GAAP), a partir de 2009, provocou retornos anormais mais significativos e relevantes estatisticamente do que a divulgação nos padrões brasileiros (BR-GAAP). Para tanto foi realizado um estudo de eventos, com base na metodologia de Mackinlay (1997), sendo o evento estudado a publicação das demonstrações contábeis e financeiras de 13 empresas do setor de energia elétrica no período de 2007 a 2011, totalizando 65 eventos componentes da amostra inicial. A amostra final estudada, após a exclusão de eventos não qualificados para análise, resultou em 62 eventos, os quais ainda foram segregados por ano 2007-2008 (BR-GAAP); 2009-2011 (IFRS-GAAP) e, posteriormente, por carteira de Boas Notícias e Más Notícias dentro dos períodos considerados BR-GAAP e IFRS-GAAP. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que a divulgação das demonstrações contábeis e financeiras anuais das empresas do setor elétrico, no período de 2007 a 2011, gerou retornos anormais em torno da data do evento para as ações integrantes da amostra. Em relação à segregação por carteiras de Boas notícias e Más notícias somente a primeira provocou reação antecipada do mercado e com significância estatística. Por fim, ao contrário do esperado não foi possível afirmar que os retornos anormais da amostra IFRS-GAAP foram maiores do que a amostra BR-GAAP, pelo contrário, os retornos da amostra BR-GAAP, em torno da data do evento, foram maiores e com maior significância estatística do que das amostras IFRS-GAAP

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldo Mauricio Costa.pdf: 464985 bytes, checksum: 3bd596de47e821228741409722fcdb48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-30 / Accepting the countries to harmonize international accounting standards with IFRS, it changed the way of calculating the results of corporations worldwide. The convergence process transcended the accounting technical limits and required the companies, changes and adaptations that somehow changed the structure of the business and often the business management. The objective of this study is to analyze the changes and adaptations that have occurred in ADR issuers in the IFRS implementation process, identifying the financial, cultural and behavioral technical impacts in these companies. The search strategy was conducted by a multiple case study which analyzed in depth, four large corporations that are part of the ADR issuance program on the New York Stock Exchange and which went through the process of alignment with the international accounting standards. To this end, interviews were used, document analysis and participant observation was found that the process of convergence to IFRS improved the quality in the calculation of the results of companies and facilitated the comparison of the results with competitors. Existing systems before harmonization were adapted to receive the new accounting model. It was noticed also better positioning the counter on the companies command structure and an improved understanding of the importance of accounting for other areas of the companies, being supported by the employees of behavior change at all levels of the companies with greater interaction the departments. However there were no significant changes in the culture of corporations with the accounting harmonization process. Finally, in future studies it is recommended that a new search will be made to update the data and perception of cultural changes that take longer to happen / A aceitação dos países para a harmonização das normas contábeis internacionais com o padrão IFRS mudou a forma de apuração dos resultados das corporações em âmbito mundial. O processo de convergência transcendeu os limites técnicos contábeis e exigiu das empresas mudanças e adaptações que, de certa forma, modificaram a estrutura dos negócios e muitas vezes a gestão empresarial. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar as mudanças e adaptações ocorridas nas empresas emissoras de ADR no processo de implementação do IFRS, identificando os impactos técnicos contábeis, culturais e comportamentais nessas empresas. A estratégia de pesquisa foi conduzida por um estudo de caso múltiplo no qual foram analisadas, em profundidade, quatro grandes corporações que integram o programa de emissão de ADR na bolsa de Nova Iorque e que passaram pelo processo de harmonização com as normas internacionais de contabilidade. Para esse objetivo, foram realizadas entrevistas, análise documental e observações participantes. Foi possível constatar que o processo de convergência ao IFRS melhorou a qualidade na apuração dos resultados das empresas e facilitou a comparação dos resultados com os concorrentes. Os sistemas existentes antes da harmonização sofreram adaptações para receber o novo modelo contábil. Percebeu-se, também um melhor posicionamento do Contador na estrutura de comando das empresas e um aprimoramento no entendimento da importância da contabilidade por outras áreas das companhias, sendo respaldado pela mudança de comportamento dos colaboradores em todos os níveis das empresas com uma maior interação entre os departamentos. Contudo, não foram encontradas mudanças expressivas na cultura das corporações a partir do processo de harmonização contábil. Por fim, para estudos futuros recomenda-se a elaboração de uma nova pesquisa para atualizar os dados e perceber as mudanças culturais que demandam mais tempo para ser implantadas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Christiano Augusto Beleze dos Santos.pdf: 1502099 bytes, checksum: 3e0eb324843da096945d9c48f0ea8ee5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-09 / This dissertation intends to contribute to the studies of the international accounting in a moment when this matter is becoming very relevant for the business scenario of our country, even for regulatory, academic or professional purposes. The convergence of accounting practices around the world is no longer something distant from our reality, and it is finally becoming real, specially after the launching of the IFRS, which have been prospectively adopted for a growing number of countries in the most relevant economies around the world. This became a one-way process, mainly after the acceptance of the most relevant stock and exchanges markets of the world, the North American, to this international set of accounting principles, as from 2007, as a strong set of accounting principles and consequently with no requirements of reconciliation to US GAAP for listed Foreign Private Issuers. Brazil, that has not been very enthusiastic in this global harmonization process, acted more effectively as from 2007 with the issuance of the Instruction number 457 from the Brazilian Stock and Exchange Commission (CVM), which determines that Brazilian listed companies shall file their annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS until 2010. Before this significant rule, some others have been made for other regulator bodies, such as Brazilian Central Bank (Bacen), which requests all financial institutions to present financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS also until 2010 and Brazilian Stock and Exchange (Bovespa), through the Novo Mercado , that regulated that companies must prepare complementary financial information to those filed for local market purposes, in accordance with either IFRS or US GAAP. The adoption of a set of accounting principles as IFRS, means a quantum leap in this search for a highest level of Corporate Governance and transparency to the users of financial statements. This occurs in a moment when the growth of the world economy has been creating important impacts in Brazil, through the significant increase in the number of Initial Public Offerings. This is one of the biggest advantages in providing financial information which a higher level of quality to the market, the possibility of obtain capital with a lower cost, through loans and financing with premium rates or through the issuance of equity instruments. This dissertation aims at the following objectives: discuss the impacts of the adoption of IFRS in Brazil, through the case study of a Brazilian company that has already made this conversion process of their financial statements from the Brazilian accounting policies to IFRS. The comparative analysis of the financial statements studied in this dissertation shows that the financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS provides a more comprehensive level of disclosures, if compared with those prepared in accordance with Brazilian accounting practices. However, the analysis of the financial index calculated from both financial statements shows that variations can be positive or negative, depending on the index. For this reason, the main conclusion reached in this case study is that a change in the mindset of those involved either in the preparation or the analysis of financial statements will be mandatory / Esta dissertação busca contribuir com os estudos da contabilidade internacional em um momento em que o tema se torna cada vez mais presente na realidade de nosso País tanto no meio regulatório como no acadêmico e no âmbito corporativo. A convergência das normas contábeis ao redor do mundo está deixando finalmente de ser algo distante de nossa realidade, sobretudo depois do advento das IFRS, que gradativamente têm sido adotadas pelas economias mais relevantes do mundo. Esse processo se tornou irreversível com a aproximação do mercado de capitais mais relevante do mundo, o norte-americano, com esse conjunto de normas contábeis, pela aceitação, a partir de 2007, de demonstrações financeiras das empresas estrangeiras com ações negociadas naquele mercado de capitais, de demonstrações financeiras preparadas de acordo com as IFRS, sem necessidade de reconciliação para os US GAAP. O Brasil, que vinha dando passos tímidos no caminho da harmonização contábil, ingressou definitivamente nesse processo a partir de 2007 com o advento da Instrução CVM nº. 457, que determina que as demonstrações financeiras consolidadas das companhias listadas no mercado brasileiro deverão ser preparadas de acordo com as IFRS até 2010. Antes desse movimento relevante rumo à convergência contábil, o mercado brasileiro havia percebido outras ações do Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen), exigindo das instituições financeiras a preparação de informações financeiras de acordo com as IFRS a partir de 2010 e da Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (Bovespa), por meio do Novo Mercado, determinou que as companhias divulgassem informações financeiras complementares àquelas preparadas para atendimento do mercado local, de acordo com as IFRS ou os US GAAP. A adoção de um conjunto de normas contábeis, como as IFRS no Brasil, representa, portanto, um passo relevante em busca de um nível mais elevado de Governança Corporativa e transparência ao usuário. Isso ocorre em um momento em que o crescimento da economia mundial tem trazido reflexos importantes no Brasil, por meio do aumento significativo no número de empresas que realizam ofertas públicas de ações. Esta, aliás, é uma das principais vantagens em prover informações financeiras de maior qualidade ao mercado: a obtenção de recursos mais baratos seja mediante a obtenção de melhores taxas de empréstimos seja pela possibilidade de atrair capitais por meio de emissão de títulos patrimoniais. Esta dissertação busca atingir os objetivos: discutir os impactos da adoção das IFRS no Brasil, por meio do estudo de caso de uma companhia brasileira, que já passou pelo processo de conversão de suas demonstrações financeiras para as IFRS. A análise comparativa das demonstrações financeiras da companhia estudada nesta dissertação mostra que as demonstrações financeiras preparadas de acordo com as IFRS apresentam um melhor nível de divulgação, quando comparadas às demonstrações financeiras preparadas de acordo com as práticas contábeis adotadas no Brasil. Contudo, a análise dos índices financeiros, obtidos com base nos dois conjuntos de demonstrações financeiras, demonstra que as variações podem ser favoráveis ou desfavoráveis entre ambos. A conclusão a que se chega depois da análise dos referidos índices é que é necessária uma mudança da mentalidade dos analistas das demonstrações financeiras, bem como daqueles que tenham a responsabilidade de responder pelo desempenho das companhias

Over the years, there has been a lot of discussion about the audit expectations gap. Research on the expectations gap has focused exclusively on the audit aspect, with limited attention being given to the possibility of the existence of other elements that may in fact contribute to an even wider expectations gap. This study has focused on the financial statements expectations gap. Financial statements are the public face of an organisation. It is therefore crucial that users understand their objective, message, scope and limitations. This study explores and evaluates the existence of a financial statements expectations gap in a small state economy, namely Malta. The data for this study was collected from shareholders and auditors in Malta using a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design through the use of a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The findings have shown that the financial statements expectations gap exists in various areas, some of which are fundamental to the understanding of financial statements. There is a clear lack of clarity, or confusion, about the objective of financial statements. This appears to be the result of the over-emphasis on decision-usefulness as an objective of financial statements, the imprecision of the word stewardship and the failure to communicate clearly the scope and limitations of financial statements. The study has shown that the attempts by standard setters to satisfy various user needs with the same set of financial statements were unsuccessful in Malta. Communicating financial information has been identified as the primary purpose of financial statements. However, the understandability of financial statements was negatively impacted primarily by the complexity of information, the frequent changes to standards, information overload and the use of technical jargon. The study has accordingly identified those factors that are considered to be conducive to the understandability of financial statements in Malta. Based on the research findings, the study has provided recommendations to the accountancy profession and policy makers on how to address the financial statements expectations gap. Potential areas for future research were also identified.

The diploma thesis deals with reporting of building in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and after that in accordance with Czech accounting regulations. The part, which is dedicated to IFRS, is focused to the reporting of company buildings according to the standards: IAS 16, IAS 40, IFRS 5 and IAS 36. The content of the next part is dedicated to Czech accounting regulations of company buildings especially to the Czech accounting standard no. 013. There is the comparison of the reporting of company buildings in accordance with IFRS and Czech accounting regulations as well. The last part of the diploma thesis is focused to the analysis of the selected financial statements.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-21T11:27:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Fagundes.pdf: 1168509 bytes, checksum: b1c013ba779c496d7048e46609201752 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-21T11:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Fagundes.pdf: 1168509 bytes, checksum: b1c013ba779c496d7048e46609201752 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / With the publication of IFRS 15 and CPC 47 regulations, construction industry will be greatly affected due to the impacts on revenue recognition. Consequently, performance appraisals of this sector, which lacks in-depth studies and greatly affects the country’s economy, may undergo significant changes. Revenue recognition is an essential part of balance sheet analysis and decision-making, once profit is determined from the revenue line in the income statement. Therefore, analyzing the application of CPC 47, a convergence of IFRS 15 and also a milestone in the international accounting evolution as the first regulation created with the membership of both USGAAP and IFRS, is what motivated this research whose aim is to demonstrate the application of IFRS 15 in construction companies and real estate developers, as well as to emphasize the main changes of regulations applied to this sector. In this regard, methodologically, this study is supported by relevant bibliography and regulatory instruments to the subject, that is, qualitative inductive method. The results show that the regulations proposed by IFRS 15 have greater reliability, transparency, and are more appropriate to the IFRS profile. Thus, it is concluded that, due to the magnitude of the proposed change, companies will have a hard work to adapt, demonstrating the lack of improvement in the applicability of the regulation to the other sectors affected / Com a publicação das normas IFRS 15 e CPC 47, a construção civil será bastante afetada devido aos impactos causados no reconhecimento da receita. Consequentemente, as avaliações de desempenho desse setor podem sofrer alterações significativas, setor este carente de estudos mais aprofundados e que afeta grandemente a economia do País. O reconhecimento da receita é parte fundamental para análise de balanço e tomada de decisão, já que, a partir da linha da receita no demonstrativo do resultado, é que se determina o lucro. Dessa forma, analisar a aplicação do CPC 47, uma convergência da IFRS 15 e também um marco para evolução contábil internacional por ser a primeira norma criada com a composição de membros tanto do US GAAP quanto do IFRS é o que motivou esta pesquisa, que tem por objetivo demonstrar a aplicação do IFRS 15 nas empresas de construção civil e incorporadoras, bem como evidenciar as principais mudanças de normas aplicada a esse setor. Para isso, metodologicamente, este trabalho está apoiado em bibliografia e instrumentos regulatórios pertinentes ao assunto, ou seja, qualitativa indutiva. Os resultados mostram que as normas propostas pelo IFRS 15 possuem maior confiabilidade, transparência, além de estarem mais adequadas ao perfil das IFRS. Portanto conclui-se que, devido ao tamanho da mudança proposta, as empresas terão um trabalho árduo para adequação, demonstrando a lacuna de melhoramento na aplicabilidade da norma aos demais setores afetados

This study examines the predictive power of restricted stock and stock option compensation on the enforcement of an Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release. Since executives have seen substantial increases in the amount of equity incentive awards, this may incentivize management to commit financial reporting misconduct to boost the value of these awards. The magnitude of the incentive to commit financial reporting misconduct is hypothesized to be more pronounced with stock option compensation when compared with restricted stock compensation. The analysis for the 1992-2012 time period shows that the amount of stock option compensation has a positive relationship with the probability of an AAER enforcement while no such relationship exists for restricted stock. When examining this predictive probability relationship during 1992-2002 and 2003-2012, the evidence is mixed. While the amount of stock option compensation displays a positive relationship with the predicted probability of an AAER enforcement, restricted stock has a positive relationship in 1992-2002 and a negative relationship in 2003-2012.

This study investigated earnings management in European firms. The private investors became victims of manipulated earnings where few laws offered regulatory oversight. The study forensically examined the attributes of earnings management identified using a discretionary accrual model published in Jones' work and Schippers' work. The firms' managers should fulfil agency theory when they made reporting decisions, and they should act in the investors' best interests to fulfil stewardship theory. The managers failed as they seemed to favor insiders when they reported manipulated earnings to outsiders like small investors even though the managers published financial reports conforming to the International Financial Reporting Standards. The investors depended on the decision usefulness of the reports. The study used the data of 432 listed firms in 11 code law nations. The paired t test identified significant differences between reported and economic earnings to find earnings management attributes and between economic and restated earnings to find earnings management cases. The research found that managers seemed to manipulate discretionary accruals to misstate earnings and reduce the decision usefulness of reporting. The data came from published financial reports and databases. The firms represented 11 nations and 9 industries that excluded banking and insurance. Almost 17% of nations and industry segments reflected earnings management attributes. About 29% of firms restated at least one annual earnings, and 84% of the restatements appeared to offset manipulation. The research results should prompt social change for small investors where regulators would redress the manipulation using stronger investor protection laws to improve the reported earnings quality and its decision usefulness.

Federal government managers were advised to strengthen internal controls; the law dictates attestation of effective management controls, and the internal control program is used to detect risks. However, managers lacked preparatory training, with training being overlooked given the increased responsibilities. Managers are assigned the programmatic role regardless of the lack of program standards in knowledge, skill, and ability. The research questions addressed change management components, concepts, and core qualifications relative to program readiness. The purpose of this single case study was to identify and explore change management components contributing to the effectiveness of internal controls. The conceptual framework was based on Lewin's change concepts of unfreezing, moving or changing, and refreezing phases with the inverse principle in field theory. Thirteen professionals from the pacific military unit in Hawaii participated in semistructured interviews. Inductive coding was used to thematically analyze the data. The key results of the emerged themes illustrated how: organization skillset was used for linking change components to internal controls, assessment was a tool used for transforming a manager's concept, and experience was essential in leading change core qualifications. Significance of the study was the promotion of stronger measures in preventing fraud, waste, and mismanagement of limited resources. The research results could inspire social change by increasing communication and collaboration to benefit senior leaders, and financial and program managers. The value-added training concepts and leadership innovation, and how managing change relates to internal control could lead to program success thus benefiting all primary stakeholders.