O movimento dos mercados globais rumo à convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade, com o objetivo de conferir uma linguagem única e uniforme às demonstrações financeiras, tem desafiado o statu quo dos preparadores e usuários da contabilidade. Isso se deve à adoção de normas contábeis orientadas por princípios e não por regras, que primam pela essência sobre a forma e pela análise de riscos e benefícios sobre a propriedade jurídica, exigindo assim, um conhecimento mais profundo e uma melhor interpretação das operações que serão refletidas nas demonstrações financeiras. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar, com base nos fundamentos das normas internacionais de contabilidade e no arcabouço regulatório inerentes à prestação de serviço público, uma proposta de reconhecimento contábil do contrato de concessão de uma empresa distribuidora de energia elétrica através da aplicação da IFRIC 12 – Service Concession Arrangements. Para tanto, inicialmente foi analisado o surgimento dos contratos de concessão de serviço como instrumento de delegação da prestação de serviço público pelo Estado aos poderes privados e os conceitos jurídicos inerentes a essa relação. Em seguida foi abordado o processo de convergência das normas internacionais no mundo e no Brasil e um estudo detalhado dos princípios relacionadas ao reconhecimento dos contratos de concessão de serviço público. Por fim, foi elaborada uma proposta de reconhecimento contábil do contrato de concessão com base nas demonstrações financeiras para os exercícios findos em 2008 e 2009. Essa proposta evidencia que o modelo é aderente às exigências das normas e que, apesar de complexo em sua operacionalização e relevante à apresentação das demonstrações financeiras, não traz impactos significativos do ponto de vista econômico, e reflete de forma legítima, a verdadeira essência dos contratos de concessão de serviços públicos no Brasil. / The movement of global markets towards convergence to international accounting standards, with the goal of providing a single uniform language to the financial statements, has challenged the status quo of preparers and users of accounting information. This is due to the adoption of accounting standards guided by principles rather than rules that strive for substance over form and for the analysis of risks and benefits over legal ownership, which requires a deeper understanding and better interpretation of the transactions being reflected in the financial statements. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to present, based on the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and regulatory framework inherent to the public services industry, a proposal for the accounting recognition of the concession arrangement of a power distribution company through the application of IFRIC 12 - Service Concession Arrangements. To this end, an initial analysis of the introduction of concession service contracts as an instrument of delegation of public service providing by the State to the private sector and the legal concepts inherent in this relationship was performed. Next, the process on the convergence of international standards around the world and in Brazil and a detailed study of the principles related to the recognition of the concession contracts for public services was addressed. Finally, a proposed model was developed for the accounting recognition of a concession arrangement based on the financial statements for the years ended 2008 and 2009. This proposal concludes that the model adheres to the IFRS requirements and that, although operationally complex and relevant for the financial statements presentation, IFRIC 12 does not bring significant impacts from an economic perspective, and reflects true accounting essence of contracts concession for public services in Brazil.

Esta dissertação apresenta análise da convergência e harmonização das normas brasileiras de contabilidade, BR GAAP, com as normas internacionais de contabilidade IFRS – International Financial Reporting Standards, estabelecidas pelo IASB - International Accounting Standards Board, referentes à contabilização de operações, preparação e divulgação das demonstrações contábeis relacionadas ao patrimônio líquido. Tem como base o comparativo entre as normas contábeis aplicadas no Brasil e na Comunidade Européia, como bloco econômico estruturado, cujas normas contábeis internacionais (IFRS) estão sendo adotadas integralmente pelas Sociedades Européias a partir de janeiro de 2005. São apresentadas as normas internacionais relativas ao patrimônio líquido em vigor a as normas brasileiras harmonizadas, ressaltando aquelas pendentes de convergência. São desenvolvidos comparativos da estrutura de patrimônio líquido das sociedades brasileiras e das sociedades européias. Apresenta ainda em quadros comparativos e, também sob a forma de perguntas e respostas, os principais aspectos das normas de contabilidade relativas ao patrimônio líquido aplicáveis no Brasil e na Sociedade Européia. Identifica as normas brasileiras pendentes de convergências com as normas internacionais (IFRS) relativas ao patrimônio líquido e sua expectativa de convergência. / This paper presents the analysis of the convergence and harmonization of the Brazilian accounting standards, BR GAAP, with the International Financial reporting Standards – IFRS, established by the IASB – International Accounting Standards Board, concerning the accounting of operations, preparation of financial statements related to the liquid patrimony. This work is based on the comparison between the accounting standards applied in Brazil and the IRFS applied in the European Community, which have been adopted by the European Societies since January 2005. The international standards concerning the liquid patrimony in force, and the brazilian harmonized standards, highlighting the ones pending convergence, are presented here. Comparisons between the structures of liquid patrimony of the Brazilian and european societies are developed. Besides, this work presents, in comparative charters and in questions and answers, the main aspects of the accounting standards regarding the liquid patrimony applicable in brazil and in Europe. It also identifies the brazilian standards pending convergence with the IFRS regarding the liquid patrimony and is expectation of convergence.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9727_Dissertação Samuel - Completa (1).pdf: 1540673 bytes, checksum: 7cffd12a1c8aed45ac748e58c061a5a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-20 / CAPS / Especialmente a partir da década de 60 a relação entre preço e lucro vem sendo estudada de forma mais aprofundada a fim de entender a importância dos números contábeis para o mercado e como ocorre essa relação. Essencialmente com a Lei 11.638/07 o Brasil se engajou no processo de harmonização dos padrões contábeis nacionais às normas internacionais (IFRS). Espera-se que essa harmonização aumente a qualidade das informações dos relatórios contábeis. Devido a este fato, o objetivo principal desta dissertação é investigar a relação entre preço e lucro num ambiente de convergências às normas internacionais analisando o impacto da adoção das full IFRS sobre a qualidade da informação contábil, que nesta pesquisa será analisada sob a perspectiva da tempestividade e da relevância do lucro e do patrimônio líquido, utilizando-se para isso um modelo de equações simultâneas e correlações parciais e semi-parciais. Para a execução deste trabalho foram constituídas duas amostras com empresas não financeiras, listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo. Uma amostra compreendendo o período de 2002 a 2007 (BR-GAAP) e outra compreendendo o período de 2010 a 2015 (full IFRS). A amostra final para o período BR-GAAP contou com 345 observações empresas-ano e para a amostra full IFRS obteve-se 710 observações empresas-ano. Diversas pesquisas abordando o impacto da adoção das normas internacionais de contabilidade já foram feitas a nível nacional e internacional, mas normalmente usando modelos de equação única, não se investigando a relação simultânea entre as variáveis do modelo. Atentando para tal questão, essa pesquisa vai investigar na primeira hipótese a existência de relação simultânea entre preço e lucro; também irá investigar na segunda e terceira hipóteses se preço e lucro contêm informações para explicar um ao outro, a quarta e quinta hipóteses testam, respectivamente se a relevância do lucro e a tempestividade aumentaram após a adoção das full IFRS e por fim, a última hipótese testa se as informações contábeis em full IFRS são mais relevantes que em BR-GAAP. Os resultados encontrados mostram que preço e lucro são determinados simultaneamente, e ainda que tanto preço como lucro contêm informações para explicar um ao outro em ambos os padrões contábeis. Analisadas conjuntamente, as informações contábeis ganharam relevância após a adoção das full IFRS. Entretanto ao analisar de forma separada, os resultados mostram que o lucro líquido perdeu relevância enquanto o patrimônio líquido ganhou relevância após a adoção. A tempestividade das informações contábeis aumentou após a adoção das full IFRS. Os resultados apontam um efeito adicional da adoção das full IFRS, sendo que o preço da ação é formado simultaneamente a formação do lucro, de forma que o preço da ação ganha relevância para explicar o lucro, aumentando a relevância das informações que são trazidas pelos investidores Assim, a adoção das normas internacionais auxilia o mercado a refletir de forma mais timeliness as informações que serão divulgadas pelas empresas. / Especially from the 60's the relationship between price and earnings has been studied in more depth in order to understand the importance of accounting numbers for the market and how this relationship occurs. Essentially with Law 11.638/07 Brazil is engaged in the process of harmonization of national accounting standards with international standards (IFRS). It is expected that such harmonization will increase the quality of information from accounting reports. Due to this fact, the main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship between price and earnings in a convergence environment to international standards by analyzing the impact of the adoption of full IFRS on the quality of accounting information that this research will be analyzed from the perspective of timeliness and the relevance of earnings and equity, using for this a model of simultaneous equations and partial correlations and semi-partial. For the execution of this work were formed two samples with non-financial companies listed on São Paulo’s Stock Market. A sample covering the period 2002-2007 (BR GAAP) and another comprising the period 2010-2015 (full IFRS). The final sample for the BR-GAAP period included 345 observations companies-year and full IFRS sample was obtained 710 observations companies-year. Several studies addressing the impact of the adoption of international accounting standards have been made at national and international level, but usually using single equation models, not investigating the simultaneous relationship between the model variables. Paying attention to this question, this research will investigate the first hypothesis the existence of simultaneous relationship between price and earnings; will also investigate the second and third hypotheses price and earnings contain information to explain each other, the fourth and fifth hypotheses testing, respectively the relevance of earnings and timeliness increased after the adoption of full IFRS and, finally, the latter hypothesis tests whether the financial statements in full IFRSs are more relevant than in BR GAAP. The results show that price and earnings are determined simultaneously, and although both price and earnings contain information to explain each other in both accounting standards. Considered together, the accounting information gained importance after the adoption of full IFRS. However when analyzing separately, the results show that the earnings lost relevance, but the equity gained relevance after adoption. The timeliness of financial information increased after the adoption of full IFRS. The results show an additional effect of the adoption of full IFRS, that the share price is simultaneously formed the formation of earnings, so that the share price gains relevance to explain the earnings by increasing the relevance of information that are brought by investors thus, the adoption of international standards helps the market to reflect more timeliness form the information will be disclosed by the companies.

Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-09T18:55:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Herbert Simoes.pdf: 1925290 bytes, checksum: e5892b51fa31052365110689fe1a902c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-11-18T18:38:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Herbert Simoes.pdf: 1925290 bytes, checksum: e5892b51fa31052365110689fe1a902c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-18T18:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Herbert Simoes.pdf: 1925290 bytes, checksum: e5892b51fa31052365110689fe1a902c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, estudar os efeitos da convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade (IFRS), da cobertura de analistas financeiros e da emissão de American Depositary Receipts - ADR, sobre o disclosure voluntário das empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. Partindo-se da análise de 14 trabalhos acadêmicos, desenvolveu-se um índice de disclosure voluntário contendo um total de 38 itens, sendo 25 itens de natureza financeira, econômica e organizacional e 13 itens de natureza social e ambiental. O check list do índice desenvolvido foi aplicado sobre 1.406 documentos (notas explicativas e relatórios da administração, contendo 58,2 mil páginas), de uma amostra com 703 observações - ano, obtidas durante os anos de 2006 a 2013. Utilizando-se do teste de Wilcoxon, os resultados apontam incrementos estatisticamente significantes nos níveis de disclosure voluntário durante o período de convergência ao padrão IFRS no Brasil, sendo mais significativos elementos de natureza econômica, financeira e organizacional do que os de natureza social e ambiental. Utilizando-se de modelos OLS robustos, aplicados sobre dados em painel desbalanceado, os resultados dos testes econométricos confirmaram parcialmente a hipótese de que o padrão IFRS contribuiu no desenvolvimento do disclosure voluntário das empresas com maior acompanhamento de analistas financeiros, porém, significativamente para as empresas que emitiram American Depositary Receipts (ADR) durante o período de convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade. Os resultados são robustos e significativos quando controlados por variáveis representativas do tamanho (TAM), da rentabilidade (RENT), do endividamento (ALAV) e de auditoria de uma big – four (AUDI) como determinantes do disclosure voluntário durante o período de convergência ao padrão IFRS no Brasil. / We aim in this paper to study the effects of the International Account Standards, the cover of financial analysts and the emission of American Depositary Receipts (ADR), on the voluntary disclosure of BM&FBOVESPA companies, during the period of convergence to IFRS standards. From the analyses of 14 papers, we developed a check list with 38 items of voluntary disclosure, being 25 financial, economic and organizational items and 13 environmental and social items. The developed check list was applied to 1,406 documents (foot notes and director’s reports, with 58.2 thousand pages) of a sample of 703 firm–year observations, between 2006 and 2013. By using Wilcoxon test, the results show significant augmentation in the voluntary disclosure levels during the period of IFRS adoption in Brazil, being economic, financial and organizational elements more significant than social and environmental elements. By using robust OLS models for unbalanced panel data, the results for the econometric tests partially confirmed the hypothesis that IFRS has contributed for the development of voluntary disclosure of firms with higher financial analysts’ coverage. Besides, we found significant evidence that firms which emitted ADRs has enhanced their levels of voluntary disclosure during the convergence period to IFRS. The results are robust and significant when controlled by size (TAM), profitability (RENT), leverage (ALAV) and being audited by a Big Four company (AUDI) as determinants of voluntary disclosure over the period of convergence to IFRS.

Author of the diploma thesis deals with the endorsement process of IFRS 9. In the first chapter, the author briefly describes the historical development of international accounting standards that have regulated or otherwise related to financial instruments and outlines the developments in the field. In the main chapter of the thesis, author discusses in detail the endorsement process, characterizes the bodies and institutions involved in the process, describes the endorsement process as such, analyses the criteria according to which the compliance of the new standard with EU law is assessed and describes how European institutions participate in preparing standards before their adoption by the IASB. Author shows how the described procedure and criteria are applied in the approval of IFRS 9. Lastly, author analyses on a sample of companies listed on the Prague Stock Exchange how these companies are considering the endorsement of IFRS 9 by the European Union and the obligation to report their financial instruments under IFRS 9 from 2018.

This diploma thesis describes the bankruptcy of the company, which is solved by company's reorganization, in accordance to the Czech legislative from bookkeeping and reporting and marginally from law point of view. In the beginning there is a short description of the reorganization process and further definitions of main terms with which such process is connected. Main part of this thesis is focused on couple of possible ways how the reorganization of the company may be performed. Finally, such solutions are deeply analyzed within finished processes of reorganization including the calculation of the part of settled liabilities.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to point out the specifics of state-funded organizations, especially in the areas of budgets, accounting and financial statements and in taxes. The work ends with practical examples of these topics from the Pod Palmovkou Theater and my suggestions for improvement.

The scope of the thesis is to present current rules of financial reporting of the Peoples Republic of China so-called China mainland and to provide general insight on the topic. The thesis firstly describes development of Chinese financial reporting, presents objective, role and users of financial reports in China, covers current principles of financial reporting in China, presents the differences between Chinese Accounting Standards and International Standards of Financial Reporting, introduce the reasons behind the differences and presents impact of Chinese culture on financial reporting. The objective of the research is not Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China Hong Kong, neither Macao.

本研究主要探討借殼上市公司之財報品質是否與差異一般上市公司有明顯差異，分析中國借殼上市公司財務報表品質是否較其他公司差，並進一步驗證借殼上市規則修訂是否對公司之財報品質造成顯著影響。研究樣本以2005年至2015年在美國紐約證券交易所(NYSE)、全美證券交易所(AMEX)與那斯達克證券市場(NASDAQ) 159家借殼上市公司為研究對象，並以相同產業、相同公司規模配對159家一般上市公司。本研究以裁決性應計項目作為財報品質的代理變數，並將借殼上市公司拆分成中國借殼上市公司及非中國之借殼上市公司，再加入規範修訂因子，藉以衡量中國借殼上市公司於修訂借殼上市相關規範後財報品質提升幅度是否大於非中國之借殼上市公司。實證結果顯示借殼上市的財務報表品質明顯差於配對公司，且中國借殼上市公司的財務報表品質明顯劣於非中國之借殼上市公司。在加入借殼上市規則修訂因子後，借殼上市公司財報品質改善幅度明顯大於配對之一般上市公司；比較中國借殼上市公司、非中國之借殼上市公司及配對公司在借殼上市規則修訂前後本身財報品質變化，發現三類公司前後財務報表品質皆有顯著提升，然而在提升幅度上中國借殼上市公司與非中國之借殼上市公司並無顯著差異。 / Based on a study sample consisting of 159 reverse merger firms and their matching U.S. public companies (according to industry and firm size) listed in NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ from 2005 to 2015, we study the impacts of the 2011 listing-rule revision on the financial reporting quality of reverse merger firms in the US. More important, using discretionary accruals as the proxy of financial reporting quality, we ask if the financial reporting quality of Chinese reverse merger firms is worse than the non-Chinese reverse merger firms. Our empirical results show that the financial reporting quality of reverse merger firms is out-performed by their matching U.S. counterparts, and the financial reporting quality of Chinese reverse merger firms is, in general, inferior to the non-Chinese reverse merger firms. Post the 2011 listing-rule revision, we find that the financial reporting quality of reverse merger firms is better than their matching U.S. firms after controlling for the regulatory factor; in particular, we find that the China reverse merger firms, the non-Chinese reverse merger firms, and the matching U.S firms, all exhibit significant improvements in their financial reporting quality. However, this incremental gain in financial reporting quality seems indifferent between the China reverse merger firms and the non-Chinese reverse merger firms.

En gestion des entreprises, l’audit est un mécanisme clé de gouvernance en contribuant notamment à améliorer la qualité du reporting financier et réduisant, par là-même, l’asymétrie d’information entre les parties prenantes. Pour assurer un tel dessein, l’audit doit être de bonne qualité, c’est-à-dire, diligenté par des auditeurs à la fois compétents et indépendants. Au plan académique, depuis les travaux fondateurs de Watts et Zimmerman (1979), et DeAngelo (1981), la difficulté d’opérationnalisation de la qualité de l’audit reste présente, compte tenu du caractère inobservable de cette procédure. Fort de ce constat, cette recherche doctorale propose un cadre analytique de l’audit utile à l’étude empirique de ses conséquences économiques pour les parties prenantes de l’entreprise. En premier lieu, dans un contexte institutionnel dit d’audit implicite – l’UEMOA – et à partir d’un échantillon constitué de banques, au cours de la période 2006-2010, nous montrons qu’un audit de qualité s’avère complémentaire aux mécanismes de gouvernance traditionnels. Dans un second temps, dans un contexte institutionnel dit d’audit explicite – la France –, nous proposons une mesure originale de l’indépendance de l’auditeur afin d’étudier ses conséquences économiques pour les sociétés cotées. A partir d’un échantillon constitué de sociétés cotées au CAC All-Tradable, pour la période allant de 2006 à 2013, nous concluons que le renforcement de l’indépendance des auditeurs, aussi bien individuelle que collective, impacte significativement (1) la qualité des états financiers divulgués à travers une amélioration de la qualité des résultats, (2) le comportement des investisseurs à travers le coût du capital et (3) les prévisions des analystes financiers dans le contexte particulier des tests de dépréciation du goodwill. / In business management, audit seems to be a key element of corporate governance which contributes to improve the quality of financial reporting. For this purpose, it plays an essential role in reducing the information asymmetry between stakeholders and in ensuring the credibility of accounting numbers disclosed. Firms must be audited by competent and independent auditors. In this academic area, since the seminal studies of Watts and Zimmerman (1979), and DeAngelo (1981), the operationalization of audit quality remains critical for researchers, because of its unobservable character. This thesis, hereby, proposes an analytical framework for audit and empirically examines the economic consequences of this procedure for stakeholders. On the one hand, focusing on an institutional context of implied audit (i.e. WAEMU), and based on a sample made of commercial banks over 2006-2010, we find that audit quality through mandatory joint audit is complementary to traditional corporate governance mechanisms. On the other hand, under an explicit audit context, we test an original proxy for audit quality and study its economic consequences for French listed companies over the period 2006-2013. Our results suggest that the higher single and joint auditor independence are, (1) the better earnings quality is, (2) the less implied cost of equity is, (3) the higher disclosure on goodwill impairment testing is, which leads financial analysts to greater earnings forecast revisions.