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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Size Matters: Reduction of Nuclear-Size Related Uncertainties in Atomic Spectroscopy

Zalavari, Laszlo January 2020 (has links)
This work details how to use the Point-Particle Effective Field Theory (PPEFT) framework to make predictions for the nuclear-size contributions to spectroscopic transitions of atoms without the overbearing large uncertainties generally associated with such effects. After a lightning review of Quantum Field Theories, Effective Field Theories and their model-building algorithms, the backbones of the PPEFT formalism are laid down by considering the low-energy effective theories of lumps. Then, by drawing an analogy between a certain type of lumps and a freely propagating point-particle we build a PPEFT for nuclei, which we gradually couple to gauge and fermionic fields. We find that the consequences of having a nucleus in our theory are captured by a set of new near-nucleus boundary conditions its action implies for the surrounding fields, set up on a Gaussian spherical boundary with arbitrary radius, $\epsilon$. Afterwards, we use this formalism to derive the effects of the finite size of the nucleus on bound-state energies in terms of Renormalization Group (RG)-invariant parameters that characterize the running of the PPEFT couplings in $\epsilon$, implied by these new boundary conditions in order to keep physical quantities independent of this fictitious scale. Surprisingly, when comparing to formulae from the literature that express these same energy shifts in terms of nuclear moments there always appear to be fewer RG-invariants than moments. By fitting these handful of parameters using experimental data we then reduce the errors in nuclear-size effect predictions for other transitions by writing them in terms of differences between spectroscopic measurements and their corresponding energy differences predicted by those bound-state Quantum Electrodynamics calculations that assume nuclei to be point-like. Finally, we apply this algorithm to the systems: ${}^4_2 {\rm He}^+$, $\mu \, {}^4_2 {\rm He}^+$, H, and $\mu$H, where we make such predictions. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The finite size of the nucleus shifts the bound-state energy of electrons (or muons) in atoms. Although these effects had been captured through a large number of nuclear-model independent ``nuclear moments'' closely related to the extent of the nucleus in the past, they introduce large uncertainties into theoretical predictions, which hinders testing fundamental subatomic processes in spectroscopic measurements. In this work it is shown that there is a more manageable number of parameters that control these effects because the above moments always appear in specific combinations. This allows for trading these combinations for differences between experimental values and their theoretically expected ones that assume the nucleus to have no size, which is the key in making predictions for atomic transitions that do not suffer from the large nuclear errors. A large set of such predictions are made for Hydrogen and the principles are applied to its muonic cousin as well.
12

Perturbation theory for string sigma models

Bianchi, Lorenzo 22 February 2016 (has links)
In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir Quanten-Aspekte des Green-Schwarz Superstrings in verschiedenen AdS-Hintergründen, die für die AdS/CFT Korrespondenz von Bedeutung sind, und geben einige Beispiele für perturbative Rechnungen in den entsprechenden integrablen Sigma-Modellen. Wir beginnen mit einer detaillierten Darstellung der Konstruktion der Wirkung des Typ-IIB-Superstrings auf dem AdS5 x S5-Hintergrund, die durch eine Supercoset-Sigma-Modell definiert wird, und zeigen die Grenzen dieser Herangehensweise für Hintergründe auf, die in niedrig-dimensionalen Beispielen der Eich/Gravitations-Dualität von Interesse sind. Daraufhin betrachten wir die Entwicklung um das BMN-Vakuum und die S-Matrix für die Streuung von Weltflächen-Anregungen. Um ihre Elemente effizient auszuwerten, entwickeln wir eine auf Unitarität basierende Methode für allgemeine massive, zweidimensionale Feldtheorien. Weiterhin betrachten wir den AdS-Lichtkegel eichfixierten String in AdS4 x CP3 in einer Entwicklung um das "null-cusp"-Vakuum. Die freie Energie dieses Modells hängt zusammen mit der anomalen Cusp-Dimension der Eichtheorie. Wir berechnen Korrekturen zur Zustandssumme des Superstring-Modells und leiten somit die anomale Cusp-Dimension der ABJM-Theorie bei starker Kopplung bis zur Zweischleifen-Ordnung her. Schlie\sslich berechnen wir auf Einschleifen-Ebene die Dispersionsrelation von Anregungen um das GKP-Vakuum. Unsere erfolgreiche Anwendung von auf Unitarität basierenden Cut-Techniken auf verschiedene Beispiele stützt die Vermutung, dass die S-Matrizen zweidimensionaler, integrabler Feldtheorien cut-konstruierbar sind. Weiterhin liefern unsere Ergebnisse wertvolle Daten, die die Konsistenz der String-Wirkung auf Quanten-Niveau belegen und stellen nicht-triviale stringente Tests der Quanten-Integrabilität der untersuchten Modelle dar. / In this thesis we investigate quantum aspects of the Green-Schwarz superstring in various AdS backgrounds relevant for the AdS/CFT correspondence, providing several examples of perturbative computations in the corresponding integrable sigma-models. We start by reviewing in details the construction of the type IIB superstring action in AdS5 x S5 background defined as a supercoset sigma model, pointing out the limits of this procedure for backgrounds interesting in lower-dimensional examples of the gauge/gravity duality. We then consider the expansion about the BMN vacuum and the S-matrix for the scattering of worldsheet excitations. To evaluate its elements efficiently we develop a unitarity-based method for general massive two-dimensional field theories. We also analyze the AdS light-cone gauge fixed string in AdS4 x CP3 expanded around a “null cusp” vacuum. The free energy of this model is related to the cusp anomalous dimension of the gauge theory and, indirectly, to a non-trivial effective coupling entering all integrability-based calculations in AdS4/CFT3. We calculate corrections to the superstring partition function of the model, thus deriving the cusp anomalous dimension of ABJM theory at strong coupling up to two-loop order and giving support to a recent conjecture. Finally, we calculate at one-loop the dispersion relation of excitations about the GKP vacuum. Our successful application of unitarity-cut techniques on several examples supports the conjecture that S-matrices of two-dimensional integrable field theories are cut-constructible. Furthermore, our results provide valuable data in support of the quantum consistency of the string actions and furnish non-trivial stringent tests for the quantum integrability of the analyzed models.
13

Etude des processus non-linéaires dans les atomes complexes en interaction avec un champ XUV intense et bref / Study of non linear process in complex atom in interaction with a strong and ultra short XUV laser field

Reynal, François 19 October 2012 (has links)
Etude théorique de l'interaction entre un atome à deux ou trois électrons actifs et un champ laser de fort éclairement (10^13 à 10^15 W.cm-2) et de durée d'impulsion ultra-brève (femto à attoseconde) dans le domaine spectral XUV. Notre approche est basée sur la résolution de l'équation de Schrödinger dépendante du temps. L'impulsion laser est définie par un modèle semi-classique. Les fonctions d'onde sont construites en utilisant des B-splines. Nous étudions particulièrement la double ionisation à deux photons de l'hélium dans l'état fondamental ainsi que dans l'état excité 1s2s. Nous testons une méthode d'approximation pour traiter certains ions héliumoÏdes. Enfin nous abordons le Lithium, système à trois électrons actifs. Nous comparons la double ionisation à deux photons par voie séquentielle et directe avec He(1s2s) dont la structure asymétrique est proche de celle du lithium. / Theoretical study of the interaction between an atom and a two or three electron system with an ultra short (10^-15 to 10^-18 s) high intensity (10^13 à 10^15 W.cm-2) pulse in the XUV domain. Our approach is based on the solving of th time dependent Schrödinger equation. Laser pulse is defined by a semi classical model. Wave functions are built with B-splines.We study particularly helium two photons double ionization in fundamental and excited state 1s2s. Then we test an approximative method to treat helium-like ions.At last, we investigate lithium, a three active electrons system. We compare TPDI in sequential and direct channel with He(1s2s) which asymmetric structure looks like Li's one.
14

Réactions dures exclusives au twist sous-dominant / Hard exclusive processes beyond the leading twist

Besse, Adrien 02 July 2013 (has links)
Le sujet de cette thèse sont les amplitudes d'hélicités de la leptoproduction exclusive et diffractive du méson rho dans la limite de Regge perturbative et au-delà du twist dominant. La compréhension de pareils processus exclusifs en termes des constituants élémentaires de QCD est un important défi pour comprendre la structure des hadrons. On présente ici deux nouveaux modèles phénoménologiques basés sur la kT-factorisation des amplitudes d'hélicités en un facteur d'impact γ*(λ) → ρ(λ'), où λ et λ' dénotent les polarisations du photon virtuel et du méson rho, et le facteur d'impact du nucléon cible. Les facteurs d'impacts γ*(λ) → ρ(λ') sont calculés en utilisant la factorisation colinéaire pour séparer la partie molle du méson rho. Le premier modèle est obtenu en combinant les résultats respectivement de twist 2 et twist 3 des facteurs d'impacts où les deux polarisations sont longitudinales ou transverses, avec un modèle pour le facteur d'impact du nucléon et un modèle pour les distributions d'amplitudes du méson rho. Dans la seconde approche présentée dans cette thèse, on calcule ces facteurs d'impacts dans l'espace des paramètres d'impacts et on montre que l'amplitude de diffusion d'un dipôle de couleur avec le nucléon se factorise, permettant de combiner nos résultats avec un modèle de section efficace de dipôle. On obtient en très bon accord avec les données de H1 et ZEUS pour des virtualités plus grandes que quelques GeV. Nous discutons les résultats obtenus et les comparons à d'autres modèles existants. / This thesis deals with the computation of the helicity amplitudes of the exclusive diffractive rho meson leptoproduction in the perturbative Regge limit beyond the leading twist. The understanding of such exclusive processes in terms of the elementary constituents of QCD is a serious challenge to understand the hadronic structure. We present two new phenomenological models based on the kT-factorization of the helicity amplitudes in a γ*(λ) → ρ(λ') impact factor, where λ and λ' denote the polarizations of the virtual photon and the rho meson, and the nucleon target impact factor. The γ*(λ) → ρ(λ') impact factors are then computed using the collinear factorization of the rho meson soft part. The first model relies on the combination of the results respectively up to twist 2 and twist 3 for the impact factors where both polarizations are longitudinal or transverse, with a model for the nucleon impact factor and a model for the distribution amplitudes of the rho meson. In the second approach presented in this thesis, we derive these impact factors in impact parameter space and show that the color dipole scattering amplitude with the nucleon factorizes, allowing to use our results in combination with dipole cross-section models. We get a very good agreement with the data from H1 and ZEUS collaborations for virtualities higher than a few GeV. We discuss our results and compare them to other models.
15

Perturbative and non-perturbative approaches to string sigma-models in AdS/CFT

Vescovi, Edoardo 12 October 2016 (has links)
Diese Doktorarbeit behandelt quantentheoretische Aspekte von Typ II Superstringtheorien in AdS5xS5- und AdS4xCP3-Hintergründen für die AdS/CFT Korrespondenz. Dabei werden perturbative Methoden und Verfahren der Gitterfeldtheorie benutzt. Die Konstruktion des Supercoset-Sigma-Modell für Strings im AdS5xS5wird skizziert, während die generelle Quantendynamik des Superstring in AdS4xCP3 mit Hilfe einer dimensionaler Reduktion der Supermembrane-Wirkung in AdS4xS7 beschrieben wird. Ein manifest kovarianter Formalismus zur semi-klassischen Quantisierung von Strings um beliebige Minimalflächen in AdS5xS5 wird präsentiert, der durch die Darstellung der Fluktuationsoperatoren in Form von intrinsischen und extrinsischen Varianten der Hintergrundgeometrie erreicht wird. Eine Verallgemeinerung der Lame-Differentialgleichung zur 4. Ordnungwird mit Hilfe der Spektralmethode exakt gelöst. Dadurch konnten in 1-Schleifennäherung die Energie des String im SU(2)-Sektor, im Grenzfall beschrieben durch ein Quantum-Landau-Lifshitz-Modell, und der bosonische Beitrag zur Energie des in AdS5 und S5 rotierenden String bestimmt werden. In ähnlicher Weise erhält man in 1-Schleifennäherung den ¼-BPS-Latitude Wilson-Loop in N=4-SYM-Theorie normiert durch den ½-BPS-Loop. Das Regularisierungsschema reproduziert die Vorhersage aus supersymmetrischer Lokalisierung bis auf einen Rest, welcher diskutiert wird. Außerdem wird die Wirkung des AdS4xCP3-String, entwickelt um den null-cusp Hintergrund, studiert und die Cusp-Anomalie in 2-Schleifennäherung berechnet. Das Ergebnis stimmt mit dem vermuteten exakten Ausdruck, der ABJM-Interpolationsfunktion, überein. Schließlich wird die AdS5xS5-Superstringtheorie in AdS-Lichtkegel-Eichung diskretisiert und mit Monte-Carlo-Algorithmen Gittersimulationen bei endlicher Kopplung durchgeführt. Dabei werden die Stringwirkung, aus der mit Hilfe von AdS/CFT die null-cusp anomale Dimension von N=4 SYM extrahiert werden kann, und die Masse einer AdS Anregung bestimmt. / This thesis discusses quantum aspects of type II superstring theories in AdS5xS5 and AdS4xCP3 backgrounds relevant for the AdS/CFT correspondence, using perturbative methods at large string tension and lattice field theory techniques inspired by a work of Roiban and McKeown. We review the construction of the supercoset sigma-model for strings in the AdS5xS5 background, whereas the general quantum dynamics of the superstring in AdS4xCP3 is described by a double dimensional reduction of the supermembrane action in AdS4xS7. We present a manifestly covariant formalism for semiclassical quantization of strings around arbitrary minimal-area surfaces in AdS5xS5, expressing the fluctuation operators in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic invariants of the background geometry. We exactly solve the spectral problem for a fourth-order generalization of the Lame'' differential equation with doubly periodic coefficients in a complex variable. This calculates the one-loop energy of the (J1,J2)-string in the SU(2) sector in the limit described by a quantum Landau-Lifshitz model and the bosonic contribution to the energy of the (S,J)-string rotating in AdS5 and S5. Similar techniques calculate the 1/4-BPS latitude Wilson loops in N=4 SYM theory at one loop, normalized to the 1/2-BPS circular loop. Our regularization scheme reproduces the next-to-leading order predicted by supersymmetric localization, up to a remainder function that we discuss upon. We also study the AdS4xCP3 string action expanded around the null cusp background and compute the cusp anomaly up to two loops. This agrees with an all-loop conjectured expression of the ABJM interpolating function. We finally discretize the AdS5xS5 superstring theory in the AdS light-cone gauge and perform lattice simulations at finite coupling with a Monte Carlo algorithm. We measure the string action, from which we extract the null cusp anomalous dimension of N=4 SYM as derived from AdS/CFT, as well as the mass of an AdS excitation.
16

Determination of csw in Nf = 3 + 1 Lattice QCD with massive Wilson fermions

Stollenwerk, Felix 22 February 2017 (has links)
Um aussagekräftige, mit dem Experiment vergleichbare Resultate aus Berechnungen der Gitter-QCD zu erhalten, ist die Extrapolation zum Kontinuum unabdingbar. Das bewährte Symanzik-Verbesserungsprogramm führt zu einer systematischen Reduzierung der Ordnung von Cutoff-Effekten, die eine bessere Kontrolle über die genannten Fehler sowie größere und damit erschwinglichere Gitterabstände ermöglicht. Auf die Wilson-Fermionenwirkung bezogen bedarf es nur des Hinzufügens des Sheikholeslami-Wohlert-Terms mit dem O(a)-Verbesserungskoeffizienten csw. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Strategie zur nicht-perturbativen Bestimmung dieses Koeffizienten in der Theorie mit Nf=3+1 massiven Seequarks entwickelt. Diese ist in ein allgemeines, massenabhängiges Renormierungs- und Verbesserungsschema eingebettet, dessen Grundlagen dargelegt werden. Die Auferlegung der Verbesserungsbedingung, bei der die PCAC-Relation im Schrödinger-Funktional Verwendung findet, geschieht entlang einer Linie konstanter Physik, welche dem Charm-Quark näherungsweise seine physikalische Masse zuordnet. Dieser vergleichsweise aufwendige Ansatz hat zum Ziel, große, massenabhängige O(a^2)-Effekte in zukünftigen Simulationen im großen Volumen mit vier dynamischen Quarkspezies zu vermeiden. Die numerischen Resultate dieser Arbeit werden unter Verwendung der tree-level-verbesserten Lüscher-Weisz-Eichwirkung gewonnen. Da die sogenannte Gradient-Flow-Kopplung bei der Definition der Linie konstanter Physik Verwendung findet, wird in einer zusätzlichen Untersuchung die Wechselbeziehung dieser Kopplung mit der Topologischen Ladung beleuchtet, insbesondere im Bezug auf die unter den Namen Critical Slowing Down und Topology Freezing bekannten Phänomene. / In order to obtain sensible results from Lattice QCD that may be compared with experiment, extrapolation to the continuum is crucial. The well-established Symanzik improvement program systematically reduces the order of cutoff effects, allowing for better control of the aforementioned errors, as well as larger and thus more affordable lattice spacings. Applied to the Wilson fermion action, it entails the addition of the Sheikholeslami–Wohlert term with the O(a) improvement coefficient csw. In this work, a strategy is developed for the non-perturbative determination of csw in the theory with Nf=3+1 massive sea quarks. It is embedded in a general, mass-dependent renormalization and improvement scheme, for which we lay the foundations. The improvement condition, formulated by means of the PCAC relation in the Schrödinger Functional, is imposed along a line of constant physics that is designed to be close to the physical mass of the charm quark. The aim of this rather elaborate approach is to avoid large, mass-dependent O(a^2) effects in future large volume simulations with four dynamical quark species. The numerical results are worked out using the tree-level improved Lüscher–Weisz gauge action. Since the gradient flow coupling is employed in the definition of the line of constant physics, its interdependence with the topological charge in regard to critical slowing down and topology freezing is investigated in a supplemental study.
17

Étude perturbative de différents processus exclusifs en QCD aux énergies hautes et modérées / Perturbative study of selected exclusive QCD processes at high and moderate energies

Boussarie, Renaud 23 September 2016 (has links)
Aux énergies assez hautes, les processus de QCD peuvent être factorisés en une partie dure, qui peut être calculée en utilisant les méthodes perturbatives des diagrammes de Feynman grâce à la petite valeur de la constante de couplage de l'interaction forte, et une partie non-perturbative qui doit être extraite de données expérimentales, modélisées ou calculées avec d'autres méthodes comme par exemple la QCD sur réseau. Cependant la petite valeur de la constante de couplage dans la partie perturbative peut être compensée par des grands logarithmes émergeant de l'annulation de divergences molles ou colinéaires, ou de la présence d'échelles cinématiques multiples. De telles contributions doivent être resommées, ce qui mène à l'équation d'évolution DGLAP aux énergies modérées et aux équations BFKL et B-JIMWLK dans la limite des hautes énergies. Pour les énergies les plus grandes des effets de recombinaison de gluons amènent à la saturation, qui peut être décrite par le formalisme du CGC ou des ondes de choc. Dans cette thèse, nous nous proposons d'étudier certains processus exclusifs en QCD perturbative afin d'obtenir une meilleure description de la factorisation et des effets de resommation et de saturation. Dans un premier temps nous faisons le premier calcul d'une quantité exclusive au premier ordre sous-dominant (NLO) dans le contexte du formalisme des ondes de choc de QCD. Nous calculons l'amplitude NLO pour la production diffractive ouverte d'une paire quark-antiquark, puis nous parvenons à construire une section efficace finie à l'aide de cette amplitude en étudiant la production diffractive exclusive de deux jets vers l'avant. Des analyses précises phénoménologiques et expérimentales de ce processus devraient améliorer notre compréhension de la resommation à haute énergie grâce à la présence d'un Pomeron échangé en diffraction, ce qui est naturellement décrit par la resommation de logarithmes découlant de la divergence molle de la QCD à haute énergie. Notre résultat reste valable quand l'énergie au centre de masse devient proche de l'échelle de saturation ou lorsque la diffraction a lieu sur une cible dense donc il peut être utilisé pour l'étude des effets de saturation. Dans un deuxième temps, nous montrons que l'étude expérimentale de la photoproduction d'un méson léger et d'un photon à énergies modérées devrait constituer un bon moyen d'appréhender les Distributions de Parton Généralisées (GPDs), l'une des généralisations des blocs non perturbatifs en factorisation collinéaire. En principe une telle étude donnerait accès à la fois aux GPDs conservant l'hélicité ou la renversant. Nous donnons des prédictions numériques pour ce processus à JLAB@12GeV. / At high enough energies, QCD processes can be factorized into a hard part, which can be computed by using the smallness of the strong coupling to apply the perturbative Feynman diagram method, and a non-perturbative part which has to be fitted to experimental data, modeled or computed using other tools like for example lattice QCD. However the smallness of the strong coupling in the perturbative part can be compensated by large logarithms which arise from the cancellation of soft or collinear divergences, or by the presence of multiple kinematic scales. Such logarithmically-enhanced contributions must be resummed, leading to the DGLAP evolution at moderate energies and to the BFKL or B-JIMWLK equation in the high energy limit. For the largest energies gluon recombination effects lead to saturation, which can be described in the color glass condensate (CGC) or shockwave formalism. In this thesis, we propose to study several exclusive perturbative QCD processes in order to get a better understanding of factorization, resummation and saturation effects. In the first part we perform the first computation of an exclusive quantity at Next-to-Leading-Order (NLO) accuracy using the QCD shockwave formalism. We calculate the NLO amplitude for the diffractive production of an open quark-antiquark pair, then we manage to construct a finite cross section using this amplitude by studying the exclusive diffractive production of a dijet. Precise phenomenological and experimental analysis of this process should give a great insight on high energy resummation due to the exchange of a Pomeron in diffraction, which is naturally described by the resummation of logarithms emerging from the soft divergences of high energy QCD. Our result holds as the center of mass energy grows towards the saturation scale or for diffraction off a dense target so one could use it to study saturation effects. In the second part we show how the experimental study of the photoproduction of a light meson and a photon at moderate energy should be a good probe for Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs), one of the generalizations of the non-perturbative building blocks in collinear factorization. In principle such a study would give access to both helicity-conserving and helicity-flip GPDs. We give numerical predictions for this process at JLAB@12GeV.
18

Integrability and higher-Point Functions in AdS/CFT

le Plat, Dennis Max Dieter 27 November 2023 (has links)
Integrabilität hat sich als ein mächtiges Werkzeug zur Berechnung von Observablen in der AdS/CFT-Korrespondenz erwiesen. Zunächst für das planare Spektralproblem entdeckt, wurden auch Methoden zur Berechnung von Mehrpunktfunktionen entwickelt. In dieser Arbeit wird diese Korrespondenz für AdS5/CFT4 und AdS3/CFT2 betrachtet mit dem Ziel, den integrablen Formalismus zu erweitern. Teil I behandelt Integrabilität in der N=4 SYM-Theorie, wo der Hexagon-Formalismus die Berechnung von Dreipunktfunktionen ermöglicht. Dazu wird der Korrelator in zwei hexagonale Stücke zerlegt. Die lokalen Operatoren müssen im Spinkettenbild als Bethe-Zustand zerschnitten und ein verschränkter Zustand konstruiert werden. Der Hexagon-Formalismus wird hier auf Sektoren mit höherem Rang erweitert, wobei die operatorartige Struktur erhalten und nur minimale Informationen aus dem geschachtelten Bethe-Ansatz genutzt werden. Weiterhin erlaubt die Betrachtung von Doppelanregungen im Spinkettenbild die Realisierung aller Felder der N=4 SYM-Theorie. Der chirale Yang-Mills-Feldstärketensor wird aus vier Fermionen in führender Ordnung der Kopplung konstruiert, eine Methode zur Einsetzung des Lagrangeoperators im Hexagon-Formalismus wird vorgeschlagen und ein erster Test durchgeführt. Teil II behandelt den Hexagon-Formalismus für Superstrings auf AdS3xS3xT4 Hintergründen mit einer Mischung von Ramond-Ramond und Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz Flüssen. Der Formfaktor wird für Ein- und Zwei-Teilchen-Zustände konstruiert und lässt sich für viele Teilchen unter Nutzung der S Matrix verallgemeinern. Schließlich werden die thermodynamischen Bethe-Ansatz (TBA)-Gleichungen betrachtet, die von Frolov und Sfondrini für das Spektrum von Strings auf reinem Ramond-Ramond AdS3xS3xT4 Hintergrund konstruiert wurden. Bei schwacher Kopplung lassen sich die TBA-Gleichungen erheblich vereinfachen. Der Beitrag zu den anomalen Dimensionen in führender Ordnung ist auf masselose Anregungen zurückzuführen. / Integrability proved to be a powerful tool to calculate observables in the AdS/CFT correspondence. At first discovered in the planar spectral problem, methods have since been devised for calculating higher-point functions as well. In this thesis we will consider two instances of the correspondence, that is AdS5/CFT4 as well as AdS3/CFT2, aiming at extending the integrability framework. In Part I we focus on integrability in N=4 SYM theory, where the hexagon form factor provides a formalism to calculate three-point functions. For this, the correlator is cut into two hexagonal patches. Considering the local operators in the spin chain picture, the Bethe states also need to be cut, resulting in an entangled state. In this thesis, we extend the hexagon formalism to higher-rank sectors, while preserving its operator-like structure and importing a minimum of information from the nested Bethe ansatz. Moreover, considering double excitations in the spin chain picture allows us to accommodate for the full set of fields in N=4 SYM theory. We build the chiral Yang-Mills field strength tensor from four fermions at leading order in the coupling, put forward a Lagrangian insertion method in the hexagon formalism and perform a first test. In Part II we propose a hexagon formalism for superstrings in AdS3×S3×T4 backgrounds with an arbitrary mixture or Ramond-Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz fluxes. We bootstrap the hexagon form factor for one- and two-particle states from symmetry and give a proposal for the evaluation of many particle states in terms of the theorie's S matrix. Finally, we consider the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations constructed by Frolov and Sfondrini for the spectrum of strings on the pure-Ramond-Ramond AdS3×S3×T4 background. Here we study the small tension limit of the mirror TBA equations and find that the equations simplify considerably. We observe that the leading-order contribution to the anomalous dimensions is due to massless excitations.
19

A nuvem mesônica e os fatores de forma estranhos do próton / The meson cloud and the strange form factors of the proton

Leite, Daniela Morales Tolentino 25 August 2008 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi incluir o méson escalar $\\kappa$ na núvem de mésons estranhos do próton e verificar se, desta forma, a contribuição de estranheza para as suas propriedades eletromagnéticas poderia ser explicada pelo modelo da núvem mesônica. Os observáveis que quantificam tal contribuição são os fatores de forma estranhos elétrico ($G_E^s$) e magnético ($G_M^s$), que têm sido objeto de grande interesse experimental nos últimos 10 anos. Usando a versão da nuvem que inclui o méson $\\kappa$, nós calculamos $G_E^s$ e $G_M^s$ em função do momento transferido dentro do intervalo 0 $\\leq Q^2 \\leq$ 1,2 GeV$^2$, de modo a abranger toda a gama de dados disponíveis no momento. Comparamos nossos resultados com os dados existentes para $G_E^s$ e $G_M^s$ e encontramos um ótimo acordo entre experimento e modelo, demonstrando que a inclusão do $\\kappa$ na núvem de mésons do próton é fundamental para que o seu conteúdo de estranheza possa ser compreendido. / The goal of this work was to include the scalar $\\kappa$ meson on the meson cloud of the proton, and then to verify if the strangeness contribution to the electromagnetic properties of the proton could be explained by the meson cloud model. The observables that quantify such a contribution are the electric ($G_E^s$) and magnetic ($G_M^s$) strange form factors, which have been subject of great experimental interest in the last 10 years. Using the version of the cloud which includes the $\\kappa$ meson, we calculated $G_E^s$ and $G_M^s$ as a function of the transferred momentum in the interval 0 $\\leq Q^2 \\leq$ 1.2 GeV$^2$, to cover the full range of available data at the time. We compared our results with existing data for $G_E^s$ and $G_M^s$ and we found a good agreement between experiment and model, showing that including $\\kappa$ on the meson cloud of the proton is crucial to understand its strangeness content.
20

Cosmoparticle Physics and String Theory

Sjörs, Stefan January 2012 (has links)
This thesis deals with phenomenological and theoretical aspects of cosmoparticle physics and string theory. There are many open questions in these topics. In connection with cosmology we would like to understand the detailed properties of dark matter, dark energy, generation of primordial perturbations, etc., and in connection with particle physics we would like to understand the detailed properties of models that stabilize the electroweak scale, for instance supersymmetry. At the same time, we also need to understand these issues in a coherent theoretical framework. Such a framework is offered by string theory. In this thesis, I analyze the interplay between Higgs and dark matter physics in an effective field theory extension of the minimally supersymmetric standard model. I study a theory of modified gravity, where the graviton has acquired a mass, and show the explicit implementation of the Vainshtein mechanism, which allows one to put severe constraints on the graviton mass. I address the question of Planck scale corrections to inflation in string theory, and show how such corrections can be tamed. I study perturbations of warped throat regions of IIB string theory compactifications and classify allowed boundary conditions. Using this analysis, I determine the potential felt by an anti-D3-brane in such compactifications, using the explicit harmonic data on the conifold. I also address questions of perturbative quantum corrections in string theory and calculate one-loop corrections to the moduli space metric of Calabi-Yau orientifolds. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows:<strong>  </strong>Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript. Paper 6: Manuscript.</p>

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