abstract: Ethnogeology is the scientific study of human relationships with the Earth as a system, typically conducted within the context of a specific culture. Indigenous or historically resident people may perceive local places differently from outside observers trained in the Western tradition. Ethnogeologic knowledge includes traditional indigenous knowledge (alternatively referred to as traditional ecological knowledge or TEK), which exceeds the boundaries of non-Indigenous ideas of physical characteristics of the world, tends to be more holistic, and is culturally framed. In this ethnogeological study, I have implemented several methods of participatory rapid assessment (PRA) from the discipline of field ethnography to collect culturally framed geological knowledge, as well to measure the authenticity of the knowledge collected. I constructed a cultural consensus model (CCM) about karst as a domain of knowledge. The study area is located in the karst physiographic region of the Caribbean countries of the Dominican Republic (DR) and Puerto Rico (PR). Ethnogeological data collected and analyzed using CCM satisfied the requirements of a model where I have found statistically significance among participant’s agreement and competence values. Analysis of the competence means in the population of DR and PR results in p < 0.05 validating the methods adapted for this study. I discuss the CCM for the domain of karst (in its majority) that is shared among consultants in the countries of PR and the DR that is in the form of metaphors and other forms of culturally framed descriptions. This work continuing insufficient representation of minority groups such as Indigenous people, Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Hispanic/Latinxs in the Earth Sciences. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Geological Sciences 2018

Ng, Chor Fung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-144). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH VERSION) --- p.i / ABSTRACT (CHINESE VERSION) --- p.iv / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.viii / LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES --- p.xii / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xiv / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Definition of asthma --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Asthma epidemiology --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Pathogenesis of Asthma --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Gene-environment interaction --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Allergens and atopic sensitization --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Other environmental factors --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- House dust mite (HDM) --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Characteristics of HDM allergens --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- HDM and asthma --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- Pathophysiology of asthma --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Airway inflammation --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.1.1 --- Cellular mechanism --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.1.2 --- Characteristics of chronic inflammation --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5.1.3 --- Inflammatory cells in airway inflammation --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5.1.3.1 --- Mast cell --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5.1.3.2 --- Macrophages --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5.1.3.3 --- T lymphocytes --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.1.3.4 --- Eosinophils --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.1.3.5 --- Epithelial cells --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.1.4 --- Cytokines in asthma --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5.1.4.1 --- Inflammatory cytokines --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5.1.4.1.1 --- Interleukin-4 --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5.1.4.1.2 --- Interleukin-5 --- p.14 / Chapter 1 5.1.4.1.3 --- Interleukin-6 --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.1.4.1.4 --- Granulocyte Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.1.4.1.5 --- Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5.1.4.2 --- Anti-inflammatory cytokines --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5.1.4.2.1 --- Interleukin-10 --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5.1.4.2.2 --- Interferon-γ(IFN-γ) --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- A irway remodeling --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6 --- Asthma therapy --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- β2-agonists --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Cromolyn and nedocromil --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Theophylline --- p.22 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Leukotriene modifiers --- p.22 / Chapter 1.6.5 --- Corticosteroids --- p.23 / Chapter 1.7 --- Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.24 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Introduction --- p.24 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) --- p.24 / Chapter 1.7.3 --- "Chinese herbal formula, CU Formula 2 (CUF2) and Kuan Dong Hua" --- p.26 / Chapter 1.8 --- Objectives of our studies --- p.28 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- ESTABLISHMENT OF A HDM-INDUCED ASTHMATIC ANIMAL MODEL IN SD RATS --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Buffers and solutions --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Animals --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Preparation of aluminum hydroxide gel --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- HDMAllergen --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Sensitization Procedure --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Intratracheal instillation challenge --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and BAL Cell counting --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Lung Histopathological Analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Measurement of cytokine and chemokine by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Cellular Analysis of BALF --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Histopathology --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Cytokine and chemokine --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.44 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF CUF2 AND KUAN DONG HUA IN A RAT MODEL OF HDM-INDUCED ASTHMA --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Herbal materials and extraction method --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Antigen sensitization, challenge, and treatment" --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Bronchoalveolar lavage and cell differential counts --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Histological Studies --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Measurement of BALF cytokines and chemokines --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- "Body weight, thymus index and spleen index" --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.70 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Effect of herbs and DXA on total cells and eosinophils in BALF --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effect of herb and DXA on lung histology --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of herbs and DXA on cytokine and chemokine level in BALF --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- "Effect of herb and DXA on body weight, thymus index and spleen index" --- p.75 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.77 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF KUAN DONG HUA ON HUMAN MAST CELLS (HMC-1) --- p.109 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.109 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Reagents --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Cell line and Cell Culture --- p.111 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Herb and extraction procedure --- p.111 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Cell Viability Assay --- p.112 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Assay of cytokine secretion --- p.113 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Quantitative Analysis of cytokines --- p.113 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Bacterial endotoxin contamination --- p.114 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.115 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.116 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Effect of Kuan Dong Hua on cell viability of HMC-I --- p.116 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effect of Kuan Dong Hua on cytokine release from HMC-I --- p.116 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effect of endotoxin contamination in the extract --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.118 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- GENERAL CONCLUSION --- p.125 / Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2 --- Limitations of this study and Future work --- p.128 / REFERENCES --- p.130 / APPENDICES --- p.145 / Appendix A. Wright-Giemsa Stain for cytospin preparations --- p.145 / Appendix B. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining --- p.145 / Appendix C. Congo Red staining --- p.146 / Appendix D. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining --- p.146

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a influência do modelo tradicional de periodização (com picos múltiplos) sobre a aptidão física em testes de campo, desempenho competitivo e variação técnica em competições de judô. Neste sentido, a amostra foi composta por atletas das classes Juvenil e Júnior que foram monitorados ao longo de duas temporadas anuais de treinamento (12 atletas por temporada), nas quais foram quantificados parâmetros da carga interna (Carga de Treinamento e o Training Strain) de cada período de treinamento, por meio da percepção subjetiva de esforço da sessão. O desempenho físico foi avaliado em momentos de alteração dos períodos de treinamento, mensurando a potência de membros inferiores (salto horizontal), a resistência de força dinâmica de membros superiores (teste de barra com o judogi) e a aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia em situação específica (SJFT - Special Judo Fitness Test). Adicionalmente, nas competições principais, os combates foram filmados para posterior quantificação do desempenho competitivo (percentual de vitórias, pontos conquistados, pontos sofridos, índice de eficiência de ataque e índices de efetividade) e da variação técnica (técnicas de projeção, técnicas de domínio e direções dos ataques efetivos). As variáveis foram comparadas via modelo misto para análise de medidas repetidas, seguido por teste de Bonferroni. As associações entre as variáveis foram testadas via coeficiente de correlação de Pearson ou de Spearman. Na temporada 2011, houve diferenças (P < 0,05) na Carga de Treinamento, Training Strain, salto horizontal, teste de barra com o judogi, percentual de vitórias, pontos conquistados, pontos sofridos, índice de eficiência de ataque, direções de ataque, técnicas de projeção e de domínio, bem como correlação entre a Carga de Treinamento três dias antes do Campeonato Paulista Fase Regional e o índice de eficiência de ataque nesta competição (r = - 0,832; P = 0,001; muito grande). Na temporada 2012, verificou-se diferenças (P < 0,05) na Carga de Treinamento, Training Strain, salto horizontal, teste de barra com o judogi, nas variáveis número de projeções, frequência cardíaca após um minuto de repouso e índice do SJFT, pontos conquistados e técnicas de projeção efetivas, além de correlações entre o número de projeções no SJFT com o índice de eficiência de ataque (r = 0,629; P = 0,028; grande) e o percentual de vitórias (r = 0,634; P = 0,027; grande) no Campeonato Paulista Fase Inter-regional. A relevância do monitoramento da carga interna de treinamento e do desempenho físico foi reforçada pelas associações com parâmetros de desempenho competitivo. Embora os indicadores de desempenho físico, desempenho competitivo e variação técnica tenham sofrido alterações ao longo das temporadas, estas variações ocorreram de maneira dessincronizadas, aparentemente sem influência das cargas de treinamento adotadas. Assim, os resultados do presente estudo indicam que, para jovens atletas de judô, o modelo tradicional de periodização (com picos múltiplos) não desenvolve adaptações contínuas sobre os parâmetros de desempenho analisados, mas parece ser eficiente na elevação do desempenho físico no início da temporada e posterior estabilização destas adaptações / The aim of this study was investigate the influence of the traditional periodization model (with multiple peaks) on physical fitness in field tests, competitive performance and technical variation in judo competitions. In this sense, the sample consisted of Junior and Cadet athletes who were monitored over two annual training seasons (12 athletes per season) in which internal training load parameters (Training Load and Training Strain) of each training period were quantified through the session rating of perceived exertion. Physical performance was evaluated when the periods of training were changed, measuring lower limbs muscle power (standing long jump), upper limbs dynamic strength endurance (dynamic judogi chin up) and aerobic and anaerobic fitness in a specific situation (SJFT - Special Judo Fitness Test). Additionally, in main competitions, fights were filmed for later quantification of competitive performance (winning percentage, points scored, points conceded, attack efficiency index and effectiveness index) and technical variation (throwing techniques, groundwork techniques and directions of throws). The variables were compared by mixed model for repeated measures analysis, followed by Bonferroni test. The associations among variables were tested by Pearson\'s or Spearman\'s correlation coefficient. In the 2011 season, there were differences (P <0.05) in the Training Load, Training Strain, standing long jump, dynamic judogi chin up, winning percentage, points scored, points conceded, attack efficiency index, directions of throws and throwing techniques, in addition to correlation between the Training Load three days before a regional championship and the attack efficiency index in this competition (r = - 0.832; P = 0.001; very large). In 2012 season, there were differences (P <0.05) in Training Load, Training Strain, standing long jump, dynamic judogi chin up, SJFT variables (number of throws, heart rate one minute after the test and index), points scored and throwing techniques, in addition to correlations between the number of throws in SJFT with the attack efficiency index (r = 0.629; P = 0.028; large) and winning percentage (r = 0.634; P = 0.027; large) in a inter-regional championship. The relevance of monitoring the internal training load and the physical performance was reinforced by the associations with competitive performance parameters. Although physical performance, competitive performance and technical variation have changed over the seasons, these variations occurred in an unsynchronized way, apparently without influence of the training loads adopted. Thus, the results of this study indicate that for young judo athletes, the traditional periodization model (with multiple peaks) does not develop continuous adaptations of the performance parameters analyzed, but it seems to be effective in increasing the physical performance early in the season and subsequent stabilization of the adaptations

This dissertation examines the relationship between community colleges and prisons as similar institutions that absorb and manage displaced workers, economic refugees, and dispossessed adult populations. Based on interviews with adult learners in two community college settings, I discuss how these two seemingly distinctive institutions work together to subvert individual and collective desires for self-determination through policies and pedagogies that institutionalize discouragement and emotional management. Specifically, I am concerned with what it means for working-class adults to participate in higher education in the context of precarity and incarceration-literally and figuratively. Drawing from the growing field of scholarship that underscores the consolidation of practices and interdependency between academia and incarceration (Chatterjee, Davis, 2003, 2005, Meiners, 2007, Sojoyner 2016), the contexts I have chosen for this project are two institutions where students gather each week to participate in the project of higher education. Carrying past and present traumas related to schooling, many participants viewed community college as the one remaining institution deigned to help them remake their lives. This study asks how participants made sense of their lives, choices, and sacrifices to participate in higher education and how these factors structure their expectations of what college might provide them. Utilizing critical race theory, this dissertation offers a theoretical framework pedagogy of repair, which I define as the interpretive structures and stories used by non-traditional students to make sense of their past and potential futures amidst the normative neoliberal structures of precarious labor, vulnerability, social abandonment and debt.

O presente trabalho objetiva estudar as normas que regulamentam o patrimônio cultural imaterial, no Brasil, criado, desenvolvido, preservado e detido por comunidades tradicionais identificáveis, a fim de verificar se essas comunidades possuem direitos, especialmente direitos morais relacionados a suas criações coletivas. Para alcançar tal objetivo o trabalho buscou responder a três questionamentos, apresentados na Introdução, quais sejam: Há proteção ao patrimônio cultural imaterial detido por comunidades tradicionais, conferindo direitos a estas ou suas manifestações pertencem ao domínio público? O patrimônio cultural imaterial é objeto de direito de autor? Existem direitos morais no patrimônio cultural imaterial? Com o intuito de responder a estes questionamentos foram analisadas as normas existentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro aplicáveis à regulação do patrimônio cultural imaterial, bem como realizou-se interpretação sistemática e conforme das mesmas aos termos da Constituição Federal, de forma a compreender o conteúdo destas normas, bem como a extensão dos direitos garantidos. Por fim, foram analisados casos práticos, projeto de lei e lei modelo que permitiram a construção de proposta legislativa para regular o tema. Como principais conclusões, o trabalho pode responder aos questionamentos inicialmente apresentados de forma a constatar que existe proteção ao patrimônio cultural imaterial detido por comunidades e povos tradicionais identificáveis e que a Constituição Federal garante direitos a estes titulares, criadores e mantenedores de manifestações culturais, não se tratando, portanto, de patrimônio sujeito ao domínio público. Ainda, concluiu-se que o patrimônio cultural imaterial não é objeto do direito de autor por não se enquadrar em nenhuma das modalidades de obra reguladas pela Lei de Direitos Autorais. Contudo, verificou-se que há uma lacuna legislativa no tocante à regulamentação do patrimônio cultural imaterial detido por comunidades identificáveis e que para suprir tal omissão a analogia pode ser utilizada. Desta forma, considerando que tanto o patrimônio cultural imaterial, como o direito de autor buscam tutelar as obras produzidas a partir da criação de seu autor e que ambos possuem natureza jurídica de direito fundamental, conclui-se que os direitos morais de autor podem, por analogia, ser aplicados à tutela das comunidades e povos tradicionais criadores de manifestações culturais, ao menos até que haja legislação específica e sui generis para regular os direitos daqueles que criam e conservam patrimônio cultural imaterial. / This work aims mainly at the study of the Brazilian legislation applicable to the immaterial cultural heritage created, developed, preserved and held by traditional communities, that can be identified, with the purpose of verifying if those traditional communities hold rights, specially moral rights related to their collective creations. In order to achieve its purpose, this work answered the following main questions, presented on its Introduction Chapter: Is there any protection to immaterial cultural heritage held by traditional communities, granting them rights over it or their traditional expressions belong to public domain? Can the immaterial cultural heritage be ruled by copyright legal framework? Are there moral rights related to immaterial cultural heritage? In order to answer those questions the Brazilian legal framework related to immaterial cultural heritage were analyzed and interpreted as a system pursuant to Brazilian Federal Constitution with the view of understanding the exact content of such rules and the extension of the rights granted. Finally, some cases were also analyzed, as well as law drafts and model-law, which allowed the construction of a proposition to regulate the rights related to immaterial cultural heritage. As main conclusions of such work, it is possible to answer the three questions previously presented, considering that exists legal protection to immaterial cultural heritage held by traditional communities and that Federal Constitution grants certain rights to traditional communities that hold, create and maintain cultural expressions, which shall not be considered public domain. Also it is possible to conclude that immaterial cultural heritage in not the object of copyright law and since there is an omission on Brazilian legal framework applicable to immaterial cultural heritage held by identifiable traditional communities, analogy can be used to fulfill such omission. Therefore, considering that immaterial cultural heritage as well as copyrights intend to protect the creation developed by its author and that both shall be considered as fundamental right, regarding its nature, it is possible to conclude that moral rights shall also be applied to protect traditional communities rights over their cultural expression, at least until a specific sui generis legislation is developed to protect the rights belonging to communities that create and develop immaterial cultural heritage.

This research seeks to compare and contrast fictional Appalachian writings by Lee Smith and Mildred Haun to contemporary historical sources in an attempt to trace the development of Appalachian music between the mid-nineteenth century and the late twentieth century. The thesis examines two novels by Lee Smith (The Devil’s Dream and Oral History) and the collection The Hawk’s Done Gone by Mildred Haun, which includes a short novel and several short stories. Contemporary primary sources and scholarly secondary sources were used to compare the fictional works’ depictions of Appalachian music to their historical counterparts. Also included within the thesis is a discussion of Smith and Haun’s personal and research backgrounds and their connections to Appalachian music. Overall, the study found Smith and Haun’s works accurate and based in historical fact, in part due to both writers’ use of historical research and interviews to inform their fiction.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between student engagement and overall satisfaction of traditional and nontraditional students at the community college level at Northeast State Community College. Three professors, 2 staff, 2 administrators, 5 traditional students, and 5 nontraditional students from Northeast State Community College comprised the sample for the study. A descriptive case study was the qualitative approach used. Data were collected in individual in-depth interviews with participants. The findings of this study could provide community college administrators, staff and faculty with an understanding of traditional and nontraditional students’ engagement and satisfaction and experiences on campus. This information can assist administrators, staff and faculty in identifying needs and priorities on campus along with developing learning environments that are effective for traditional and nontraditional students. Recommendations for future research are presented. Results of the research revealed positive overall perceptions of engagement and satisfaction from students, faculty and administrators. A theme that emerged was the strong focus on student centered, student focused, educational practices at Northeast State Community College. Additionally, it was evident that the community college continuously strives to improve their student support services as well as the academic learning environment to increase student engagement and satisfaction. Further, the findings revealed a need for more advising on the importance of utilizing student email and additional modes of communication from student support services to students and from faculty to students.

Recent research has shown an increase in cyber bullying acts against middle and high school students. The National Center of Education Statistics (2010) reported that cyberbullying incidents increased 73% between the years of 2007 and 2009. In 2011, 75% of cyberbullying victims were adolescents (National Center of Education Statistics, 2013). Using data collected from the Pew Research and American Life Project, the study examined the prevalence of cyber bullying acts against African American female adolescents compared to Caucasian male and female adolescents and African American male adolescents. Additionally, the study reported the cyber bullying incident that occurred most frequently as either directly using texting or indirectly using social media websites. Past research studies have shown a prevalence of cyber bullying acts against Caucasian females. The participants in this study were 737 adolescents 12-17 years old. The results suggested that a prevalence of cyber bullying acts against African American female students occurred at a significantly lower rate than Caucasian female and male students but a significantly higher rate than African American male students and Hispanic male and female students. Additionally, indirect cyberbullying incidents occurred significantly more frequently than direct cyberbullying incidents.

No description available.

Theis (M.A. ) --University of the North, 1999 / Refer to document