<p>Motivating employees is essential for any organization aspiring to succeed. However, the process of motivating is not straightforward due to the diversity of individual’s needs. The task has been made even more difficult by the fact that personalized needs have altered in recent years. For instance, in many circumstances financial compensation is not considered as the main motivational factor of employees. Therefore, various other motivational practices have been developed, which take into consideration such issues as the work environment and the job itself.</p><p>This thesis is a comparative study between Sweden and Finland. The study has an objective of exploring how corporate culture affects the use of motivational practices in the Information Technology industry.</p><p>According to the findings gathered from two organizations, Sasken Finland Oy and SYSteam, culture does influence the choice of motivational practices. The issue of how culture affects, depends on whether corporate culture is task or person-oriented.</p>

<p>Title: Traditional marketing vs. Internet marketing: A comparison</p><p>Problem: Marketing is an important strategy for businesses and it contains numerous effective tools. Traditional marketing has been in use for many years and nowadays Internet has brought new ways of doing business for companies and that has affected marketing. What are the main differences between Internet marketing and traditional marketing? Which one of the two approaches contains the most used and effective marketing tools according to chosen companies in this thesis?</p><p>Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare traditional marketing and Internet marketing and show the differences of characteristics between them. And to find out what marketing tools are effective for some chosen companies in the fashion industry.</p><p>Method: The information gathered in this study was obtained through qualitative research from textbooks, websites, articles and interviews. Some quantitative data such as statistics were also gathered. The authors conducted interviews with few companies operating in the fashion industry to collect information needed for the analysis in this study.</p><p>Conclusion: By analysing different aspects of theory, comparison and interview answers, the authors came to a conclusion. Using the advantages of both Internet marketing and traditional marketing according to the goals of the company, is considered to be the most effective way of marketing. Comparing the two approaches, Internet seemed to be a complementary tool to traditional marketing.</p>

<p>The purpose of this project is to describe one teacher's non-traditional approach to teaching Mathematics A in municipal adult education. A case study has been carried out over the course of one semester of teaching, involving classroom observations, formal and informal interviews with the teacher and students, surveys and the collection of teaching materials. Each of the aspects of the teaching approach are described and discussed including “book lessons,” “practical lessons,” examinations and group work. The teacher's and students' comments on the teaching approach are recorded along with my comments. The following two questions are also addressed: What is required of the teacher for the implementation of a non-traditional way of working with Mathematics in adult education? and What is the significance of groups in a non-traditional mathematics environment? The non-traditional teaching approach described in this project was able to be linked to a social-constructivist approach to viewing mathematics teaching and learning. With the help of this project, it can be seen that non-traditional approaches to teaching Mathematics can be implemented in the classroom, even in municipal adult education classrooms.</p>

<p>With the world becomes closer, the issue of understanding management and culturedifference is getting more and more important. The purpose of this research is to findhow culture factors impact management style in China and Sweden. The study usedHofstede’s five cultural dimensions, traditional management practice and Denison’smodel of organizational culture and effectiveness as framework to identify whatdifferent management styles exist between two countries, as well as explain why thedifference occurs in term of national culture dimensions and traditional managementpractice.The interviews were made by five Chinese employees whom have work experiencesin China and now are working in Swedish organization in Sweden. From theirperspectives, the paper found the dimension of involvement and consistency issignificant different between two countries, which reflects on the aspects of teamorientation, empowerment, capability development, agreement, coordination andintegration. Moreover, Swedish companies are easier to adopt advanced technologyand innovation than Chinese companies. In general sense, it seems to Swedishorganizations obtain higher learning capacity than Chinese organizations. Finally, thispaper pointed out that both countries have a long-term strategy, but it’s more realisticin Sweden.Subsequently, those differences were analyzed by national culture, namely, Hofstede’sfive culture dimensions, and the traditional management practices in China andSweden. After discussion and analysis, the study found: the small power distance,feminine value and lower uncertainty avoidance as well as lower hierarchy are thereasons of Swedish management style such as high level of agreement, goodcommunication, and high capability development in Sweden. Meanwhile, the largepower distance, masculine value, high uncertainty avoidance, guanxi and paternalismstyle of leadership are the mainly reasons of Chinese management style such likelower level of team orientation, ineffective and lower learning capacity in China. Inaddition, the long-term orientation cause Chinese organization like to have a longtime planning, but the paternalism style of leadership induce the strategy of companydeparts from the reality. It has to note that the limitation of this study is the smallnumber and the limited scope of interviewees. Finally, it is suggested that Chineseorganization should learn several advanced management methods from Swedishorganization.</p>

<p>Syftet med det här arbetet är att lyfta fram och bidra med erfarenheter och kunskaper inom läraryrket och undervisningen i skolan, utifrån en lärares livs - och yrkesberättelse. Som redskap har jag använt mig av livsberättelsemetoden, vilket är en kvalitativ intervjumetod där det främst handlar om att lyfta fram berättaren. I det här arbetet får vi ta del av en engagerad och flexibel lärare som har arbetat i 25 år. Hon beskriver hur hon arbetar med Kiwimetoden i åldersblandade klasser, för att främja elevers läs- och skrivutveckling. I undervisningen använder sig läraren av både helhetsmetoden och ljudmetoden. Lärandet sker i sociala samspel och undervisningen individanpassas utifrån elevernas nivå, erfarenheter och intressen. Arbetet tar upp begreppen, arbetslag, traditionell undervisning, åldersblandade klasser och Kiwimetoden.</p><p> </p><p>I intervjuerna förmedlar läraren en positiv bild av barn och lärande, samt vikten av att underlätta läs- och skrivundervisningen för alla barn. Dessutom ska man inte vara rädd för att prova nya arbetssätt och metoder.</p><p> </p> / <p>The purpose of this project is to raise and contribute with experience and knowledge within the profession as a teacher and the education in school, seen from the point of view of a teacher´s lives- and profession story. As a tool I have used the lifehistory method, which is a qualitative method of interviews wich most is about to bring out the story teller. In this work we take part of an engaging and flexible teacher whom has working for 25 years as a professional teacher. She describes how she is working whit the Kiwi method in mixed ageing classes, to promote the pupils reading and writing development. In the education program the teachers use both the entirety method and the sound method. The teaching happens in social teamwork and the education is individually adapted from outside the pupil´s level of experience and interestes. The work bring up the conceptions of teamwork, traditional education, mixed ageing classes and the Kiwi method.</p><p> </p><p>In the interviews the teacher mediate a positive picture of children and their learning, the important of facilitate the reading- and writing education for all the children. Beside, you shouldn´t be afraid to try new ways of working manners and methods.</p>

<p>Syftet med det här arbetet var att närmare undersöka hur några nutida folkmusiker övar och tänker kring sitt övande, samt om det hos dessa fanns speciella sätt att öva in och lära ut svensk folkmusik.För att undersöka detta intervjuades fem folkmusiker med olika bakgrund, ålder och kön med hjälp av öppna frågor. Slutsatserna är att utbildning ger spelmannen impulser till ett mer strukturerat sätt att öva. Förebilderna har en stor betydelse i musik som traditionellt lärs ut via gehör. Folkmusikern ”måste” inte vara tekniskt skickligt för att vara ”bra” utan mycket kan uppvägas av karaktär och uttryck.  Ett vanligt sätt att lära ut svensk folkmusik, är att först spela hela låten, spela en repris och sedan dela in den i fraser. I studien fanns ett samband mellan informantens utbildning och komplexiteten i egna övningar samt rekommenderade övningar till elever.</p> / <p>The aim of this study is to examine how certain traditional musicians of today practice, and their thoughts on studying the violin. Also, if there was a specific kind of practice and teaching in the genre of Swedish traditional music.Five musicians with different backgrounds, age and sex were interviewed with open questions.The conclusions are that education can provide the traditional musician with a structured practice method.  Models are of great importance in music played by ear. The musician that plays traditional music “must “ not always be technically skilled to be a musician of importance. Character and expression can counterbalance a bad technique. A common way to teach Swedish music is to first play the whole tune and then divide it into smaller units. There was a connection in the study between the education of the informant and the complexity of their own exercises and the exercises they recommended to pupils.</p>

<p>Purpose/Aim: To investigate why people in the age group of 30-40 subscribe to the traditional morning newspaper even though they can get the same information at a much lower cost from for example TV, the internet or the free daily papers. The aim is to also look at possible future alternatives to the traditional morning newspaper.</p><p>Material/Method: Focus group interviews were used to gather the empirical material. These consisted of a total number of twelve people, divided into three groups. The results from the focus group interviews were analysed with help from established uses & gratifications theories and two diffusion theories.</p><p>Main results: This study shows that people read the traditional morning newspaper to get a good mixture of entertainment and local, national and global news. It is relaxing to read the newpaper on paper compared to reading it on the internet, mainly because you get a good overview which makes it a lot easier to find exactly want you want to read. The content of the newspaper is often discussed with family, friends and colleagues and can therefore be said to fill an important social function. Reading the newspaper is thought of to be intellectual and can help people form their identities. All respondents in this study grew up in homes which subscribed to a morning newspaper and thought this fact was a big reason for them finding it so important to have a subscription themselves. Even so, most of them were positively in favour of the so called e-paper, as a future alternative to the traditional newspaper, when discussed in the groups, mainly because of it being a more environmently friendly option, but also because of the ability to pick and choose your personal newspaper content and only pay for what you want to read.</p>

<p>This study focuses on a small ethnic group in the western part of Igboland called Asaba. It describes how the religious and socio-political role of women has changed, due to colonialism, modernisation, Western education and Christianity, which were brought by the groups of Europeans and Americans, who penetrated Africa in the nineteenth century. One of the major points of the thesis is that the freeborn women in the traditional “dual-sex”society of the Igbo lost their previous power to speak for themselves when the Igbo were Christianised. However, the women of slave origin happily adopted the new, more egalitarian faith.</p><p>The dissertation is divided into three parts. The first part is the traditional aspect, which highlights the role of women in Igbo traditional society. The second is a theoretical and historical part. This part deals with the socio-economic and political changes, which took place between 1830 to 1910 in Asaba society, due to colonialism, modernization, Western education and Christianity, and the impact of these forces of change on Asaba women. The third part deals with the role of women in the Catholic Church in Asaba. It analyses the various women's organisations in the Catholic Church in Asaba and the roles, which they play in the church. </p><p>The major conclusion arising from the present analysis is that with the coming of forces of change, such as colonialism, modernization, Western education and Christianity, the religious and socio-political roles of women changed in Asaba society.</p>

While much research has examined the intricate interactions associated with the harvesting of wild animals for human consumption, little work has been undertaken in attempting to understand the greater socio-cultural significance of such use. In addition, to properly understand such systems of interaction, an intimate knowledge is required with regard to the rationale or motivation of resource users. In present day Mali, West Africa, the population perceives and upholds wildlife as a resource not only of valuable animal protein, in a region of famine and drought, but a means of generating income. The animal parts trade is but one mechanism within the larger socio-cultural structure that exploits wildlife through a complex human-environmental system to the benefit of those who participate. Moreover, this informal, yet highly structured system serves both cultural and outsider demand through its goods and services. By using traditional ethnographic investigation techniques (participant observation and semi-structured interviews) in combination with thick narration and multidisciplinary analysis (sociocultural and biological-environmental), it is possible to construct a better understanding of the functions, processes, and motivation of those who participate. In a world where there is but only a limited supply of natural and wild resources, understanding human-environmental systems is of critical value. / Graduation date: 2003

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.