abstract: Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794-1876) is considered as one of the biggest villains of Mexican history. This frequent president in the first decades of Independence of México is the main character portrayed in the novels analyzed in this dissertation: Su alteza serenísima (1895-1896) by Ireneo Paz, Santa Anna, el dictador resplandeciente (1936) by Rafael F. Muñoz, El seductor de la patria (1999) by Enrique Serna, and México mutilado (2006) by Francisco Martín Moreno. Many Mexican novelists have tackled iconic personalities from Mexican history. However, based upon the historical context that occurred within their lifetime, each author takes a different approach to the story and characters they portray. In the novel Su alteza serenísima, Santa Anna is presented with identical characteristics as in the official history. That was written for other liberals, like Paz, the author. In El dictador resplandeciente an image almost romantic of the leader is presented through the valorization of his role in history. The narrator shows the contradictions of Santa Anna, who was a hero and villain. Santa Anna is presented from different perspectives in El seductor de la patria. The narrator uses Santa Anna's voice projecting a consciousness of the future's judgment of history upon his actions and the voices of "the others" that live around him. In México mutilado Santa Anna is presented from the same perspective as the official history, although other traitors are added to distribute the fault among various important figures. This dissertation works through the analysis of the discursive mechanisms used in these novels, of the configuration of the message that they wish to convey to the reader, of the level of re-writing official history, of the perspective from which each author is reviewing the history, of the recount of what historical aspects and voices were chosen for inclusion in each novel, and through the evaluation of how the authors recover the figure of Santa Anna. This study follows an eclectic model of cultural commentary, taking up critical concepts from Latin American literary scholars such as Perkowska, Pons, Jitrik, Aínsa, among others. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Spanish 2011

La storia della Repubblica Dominicana è stata tristemente costellata, fin dalle origini, da un susseguirsi di sanguinose lotte, invasioni, guerre, feroci dittature, occupazioni militari e violente calamità naturali. Tuttavia, l’Era di Trujillo è ricordata dal popolo dominicano come il periodo più penoso e buio, che ha profondamente marcato il suo passato e la cui essenza si trascina silenziosa nel suo presente. Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina, pur essendo solo l’ultimo dei tiranni che hanno oppresso il popolo quisqueyano, è riconosciuto come uno dei dittatori più spietati dell’America Latina. Il suo diabolico carisma, accompagnato dalla crudeltà delle sue azioni, ha lasciato una traccia indelebile nell’identità e nell’animo della sua gente, diventando un’ispirazione letteraria che ha saputo dare vita, valicando anche i confini dell’isola, alla novela del trujillato. La presente ricerca si concentrerà sull’evoluzione della novela del trujillato e del personaggio letterario di Trujillo nel contesto dominicano e all’interno dei romanzi scritti da autori stranieri come Galíndez di Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, En el tiempo de las mariposas di Julia Álvarez, La Fiesta del Chivo di Mario Vargas Llosa e La breve y maravillosa vida de Óscar Wao di Junot Díaz. / The history of the Dominican Republic is cluttered with a string of bloody fights, invasions, wars, cruel dictatorships, military occupations and aggressive natural disasters. Nevertheless the Dominicans remember the ‘Trujillo’s Era’ as the darkest and more sorrowful period, that has deeply scarred their past and whose essence silently drags on in their present. Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina is only the last dictator who has oppressed the Dominican people, but he is known as one of the most vicious and ruthless dictators that have plagued Latin America. His diabolic charisma and his cruel actions have indelibly marked the identity and the soul of his people, becoming a literary inspiration that could cross the island’s confines and give rise to the novela del trujillato. This thesis aims to analyze the evolution of the novela del trujillato and the character of Trujillo both in the Dominican context and in the novels, written by foreign authors, Galíndez by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, En el tiempo de las mariposas by Julia Álvarez, La Fiesta del Chivo by Mario Vargas Llosa and La breve y maravillosa vida de Óscar Wao by Junot Díaz.

<p>El propósito de este trabajo es dar a conocer las características generales de la estructura en la nueva novela histórica, género que presenta la novela Butamalón de Eduardo Labarca. Asimismo, queremos saber si la existencia de los discursos que en ella aparecen han contribuido a generar percepciones prejuiciosas que hayan alterado las relaciones entre españoles y mapuches y, luego entre chilenos y mapuches y si en la actualidad, los personajes de la novela tienen alguna validez y juegan algún rol en el conflicto identitario del mestizaje.Sostenemos en la hipótesis que los personajes de Butamalón –que en mapudungun significa gran levantamiento- equivaldrían a una homologación cultural y social de la sociedad que fundaron los conquistadores, la cual alteró para siempre las relaciones entre éstos y los indígenas. Esto -a su vez- tendría repercusiones y marcaría definitivamente, el interactuar de chilenos y mapuches.Así nos detendremos a analizar los discursos que componen la obra, siendo éstos dos: la fábula histórica que relata los hechos históricos documentados de la batalla de Curalaba en 1598, cuando los mapuche se rebelan en contra de las fuerzas invasoras de España y, luego, tenemos la fábula ficcional, donde los personajes se desenvuelven en el Chile de la transición democrática y las vicisitudes que han vivido éstos.Empezaremos identificando los discursos de los personajes novelescos, los ejemplificaremos aplicándoles las teorías literarias de la narración, de la nueva novela histórica y del discurso socio-cultural basándonos en las teorías del discurso racista de Teun Van Dijk. Luego intentaremos acercarnos a una interpretación social y cultural del fenómeno que representa la nueva novela histórica y el discurso.</p>

This thesis postulates the narrative of Venezuelan psychiatrist and novelist Francisco Herrera Luque as one that demystifies the official historical discourse of his nation. Our argument is developed through a two-part analysis. First, we present and examine the author's characteristic method, one that he called "fabled history", and the way it deals with elements of Venezuela's historical past. Secondly, we analyze the way Herrera Luque, while crafting an undoubtedly historical narrative, also analyzes many elements of the Venezuelan idiosyncrasy and identity through the illustration of colonial life in the nation, in particular within the oligarchic social class known as mantuanos, a group of people who controlled the beating of the nation's young heart from its birth until its independence. To support our idea, we have used the theories of French philosopher Roland Barthes as our main theoretical basis for the mystification-demystification argument, for it is our view that his theory about myth as a self-justifying discourse is very proximal to what we believe to be Herrera Luque's vision about the role that patriotic or official history has played in Venezuela. We have also relied on the works of Linda Hutcheon and Hayden White to bring up the relationship between literature and history, especially regarding the narrative element in historiography, an essential element in what has been called the "new historical novel", a genre that presents new narrative approaches to history. Our work also presents several elements that show how Herrera Luque's work not only seeks continuity in a usually fragmented discourse, but also takes advantage of its literary condition to present some observations and analysis about Venezuelan collective identity. His attempt to narrate Venezuelan history from its beginnings until the first quarter of the 20th century has produced not only an irreverent look at the historical record, but also an effort to make sense out of a series of events whose disconnected condition has influenced the way that Venezuelans relate to their past. Furthermore, we conclude that perhaps the strongest message of Herrera Luque's narrative is that because of this distortion of the past, Venezuela is unable to have a clear understanding of its present.

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Instituto de Letras e Artes, 2006. / Submitted by Cristiane Silva (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2012-09-24T13:09:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 deniselacerda.pdf: 627463 bytes, checksum: 74d9e64a2738b747be4e681d7b65ab0d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-11-06T15:38:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 deniselacerda.pdf: 627463 bytes, checksum: 74d9e64a2738b747be4e681d7b65ab0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-06T15:38:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 deniselacerda.pdf: 627463 bytes, checksum: 74d9e64a2738b747be4e681d7b65ab0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Esta dissertação visa a refletir sobre a relação entre ficção e história, bem como sobre as diferenças entre o romance histórico tradicional e o novo romance histórico, a partir das origens no século XIX até o surgimento dos aspectos inovadores e diferenciados do novo romance histórico, verificando se essas relações estão presentes na obra da escritora gaúcha Letícia Wierzchowski A casa das sete mulheres. / Esta disertación tiene como objetivo hacer una reflexión sobre la correlación ficción y historia, sobre las diferencias entre la novela histórica tradicional y en la nueva novela histórica, partiendo de sus orígenes, en el siglo XIX, hasta el surgimiento de los aspectos innovadores y diferenciados de la nueva novela histórica, verificando si esas relaciones están presentes en la obra de la escritora gaucha Letícia Wierzchowski A casa das sete mulheres.

El propósito de este trabajo es dar a conocer las características generales de la estructura en la nueva novela histórica, género que presenta la novela Butamalón de Eduardo Labarca. Asimismo, queremos saber si la existencia de los discursos que en ella aparecen han contribuido a generar percepciones prejuiciosas que hayan alterado las relaciones entre españoles y mapuches y, luego entre chilenos y mapuches y si en la actualidad, los personajes de la novela tienen alguna validez y juegan algún rol en el conflicto identitario del mestizaje.Sostenemos en la hipótesis que los personajes de Butamalón –que en mapudungun significa gran levantamiento- equivaldrían a una homologación cultural y social de la sociedad que fundaron los conquistadores, la cual alteró para siempre las relaciones entre éstos y los indígenas. Esto -a su vez- tendría repercusiones y marcaría definitivamente, el interactuar de chilenos y mapuches.Así nos detendremos a analizar los discursos que componen la obra, siendo éstos dos: la fábula histórica que relata los hechos históricos documentados de la batalla de Curalaba en 1598, cuando los mapuche se rebelan en contra de las fuerzas invasoras de España y, luego, tenemos la fábula ficcional, donde los personajes se desenvuelven en el Chile de la transición democrática y las vicisitudes que han vivido éstos.Empezaremos identificando los discursos de los personajes novelescos, los ejemplificaremos aplicándoles las teorías literarias de la narración, de la nueva novela histórica y del discurso socio-cultural basándonos en las teorías del discurso racista de Teun Van Dijk. Luego intentaremos acercarnos a una interpretación social y cultural del fenómeno que representa la nueva novela histórica y el discurso.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-22T17:15:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tatiana Pereira Tonet.pdf: 2670280 bytes, checksum: e05778e322c475fb01add22cdfe45dc8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T17:15:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tatiana Pereira Tonet.pdf: 2670280 bytes, checksum: e05778e322c475fb01add22cdfe45dc8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Along this dissertation we present a comparative analysis of the discursive process elaborated about the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) in rereadings of this event presented by the Latin American literature. In order to understand how fiction recreates the past, we also turn to the historiographic discourse throughout a brief interpretative analysis of the records about the facts listed by history about the given event so we can contrast it with the fictional versions we selected. The literary corpus is composed by El Reino de Este Mundo (2012[1949]), by the Cuban Alejo Carpentier, and La Isla Bajo el Mar (2009), by the Chilean Isabel Allende. To reach our proposed objectives for this research, at a first moment, we resort to the studies of some of the historiographic remarks, considering as well, the previous and subsequent contexts of the conflict. In the following of this research, we revisited the literary concepts about the five modalities of hybrid writing of History and fiction that configure the actual scenery of the historical novel, considering them in relation to the fictional corpus defined by us. The analysis of the confluence between fiction and history, available in the redefinitions of the past by literature, observed in the hybrid novels of Carpentier and Allende, allowed us to confront the dicothomous visions about the events that highlighted Latin America’s history either in the novels or among areas that retrieve the past by the discourse. Based upon the theories of Aínsa (1991), Menton (1993) and Fleck (2008, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2017), among others, we noticed that Alejo Carpentier’s literary piece is characterized as the first new Latin-American historical novel and Isanel Allende’s (2009) is a contemporary historical novel of mediation. Both analyzed fictions present, in their way, critical rereading of the facts and of the characters involved in the events that led to the Independence of Haiti. The differences between these two modalities of the historical novel genre, applied to the rereading of the Haitian Revolutions (1791-1804), are emphasized along the text. The proposed analysis reiterates the possibility of expanding the critical vision of the reader nowadays throughout the redefinitions of the past presented by the contemporary fiction / En esta disertación presentamos un análisis comparativo del proceso discursivo elaborado acerca de la Revolución Haitiana (1791-1804) en relecturas de ese evento presentadas por la literatura hispanoamericana. Para comprender cómo la ficción recrea el pasado recurrimos, también, al discurso historiográfico, a través de un breve análisis interpretativo de registros sobre los hechos enumerados por la historia en cuanto al evento en cuestión, para entonces, contraponerlos a las versiones ficcionales elegidas. El corpus literario de análisis está constituido por las obras El reino de este mundo (2012[1949]), del cubano Alejo Carpentier, y La isla bajo el mar (2009), de la chilena Isabel Allende. Buscando alcanzar las metas planteadas para esta investigación recurrimos, en un primer momento, al estudio de algunos de los relatos historiográficos, considerando, también, los contextos anteriores y posteriores al conflicto. Enseguida, analizamos los conceptos literarios sobre las cinco modalidades novelescas de escritura híbrida de historia y ficción que configuran al actual escenario del género novela histórica, considerándolos en relación con el corpus ficcional determinado en este estúdio. El análisis de la confluencia entre ficción e historia presente en las resignificaciones del pasado por la literatura, observada en las novelas híbridas de Carpentier y Allende, nos permitió confrontar las visiones dicótomas sobre los eventos que marcaron la historia de Latinoamérica, sea entre las propias novelas o entre las áreas que rescatan el pasado por el discurso. Con base en las teorías de Aínsa (1991), Menton (1993) y Fleck (2008, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2017), además de otros, observamos que a la obra de Alejo Carpentier es caracterizada como la primera nueva novela histórica latinoamericana, y la obra de Isabel Allende (2009), como una novela histórica contemporánea de mediación. Ambas ficciones analizadas presentan, a su modo, relecturas críticas de los hechos y de los personajes involucrados en los eventos que llevaron a la independencia de Haití. Las diferencias entre esas dos clases del género novela histórica, aplicadas a la relectura de la Revolución Haitiana (1791-1804), quedan comprobadas a lo largo de este texto. El análisis planteado reanuda la posibilidad de ampliar la visión crítica del lector en la actualidad a través de las resignificaciones del pasado presentadas por la ficción contemporánea. / Nesta dissertação, apresentamos uma análise comparada do processo discursivo elaborado a respeito da Revolução Haitiana (1791-1804) em releituras desse evento apresentadas pela literatura hispano-americana. Para compreendermos como a ficção recria o passado, recorremos, também, ao discurso historiográfico, por meio de uma breve análise interpretativa de registros sobre os fatos elencados pela história a respeito do evento em questão, para, então, contrapô-los às versões ficcionais selecionadas. O corpus de análise é constituído pelas obras literárias El reino de este mundo (2012[1949]), do cubano Alejo Carpentier, e La isla bajo el mar (2009), da chilena Isabel Allende. A fim de alcançarmos os objetivos propostos para esta pesquisa, recorremos, num primeiro momento, ao estudo de alguns dos relatos historiográficos, considerando, também, os contextos anteriores e posteriores ao conflito. Na sequência, revisitamos os conceitos literários sobre as cinco modalidades romanescas de escrita híbrida de história e ficção que configuram o atual cenário do gênero romance histórico, considerando-os em relação ao corpus ficcional por nós definido. A confluência entre ficção e história nas ressignificações do passado pela literatura observada nos romances híbridos de Carpentier e Allende permitiu-nos confrontar as visões dicotômicas sobre os eventos que marcaram a história da América Latina, seja entre os próprios romances, seja entre as áreas que recuperam o passado pelo discurso. Com base nas teorias de Aínsa (1991), Menton (1993) e Fleck (2008, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2017), entre outros, observamos que a obra de Alejo Carpentier é caracterizada como o primeiro novo romance histórico latino-americano, e a obra de Isabel Allende (2009), como um romance histórico contemporâneo de mediação. Ambas as ficções analisadas apresentam, a seu modo, releituras críticas de fatos e de personagens envolvidos nos eventos que levaram à independência do Haiti. As diferenças entre essas duas modalidades do gênero romance histórico, aplicadas à releitura da Revolução Haitiana (1791-1804), ficam evidenciadas ao longo deste texto. A análise proposta reitera a possibilidade de ampliar a visão crítica do leitor na atualidade por meio das ressignificações do passado apresentadas pela ficção contemporânea.

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