Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-02-03T18:48:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Yoná Serpa Mascarenhas - 2014.pdf: 2274347 bytes, checksum: 77b157715fb3e4c58f0ad28e8e15e9b2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-02-03T18:49:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Yoná Serpa Mascarenhas - 2014.pdf: 2274347 bytes, checksum: 77b157715fb3e4c58f0ad28e8e15e9b2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-03T18:49:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Yoná Serpa Mascarenhas - 2014.pdf: 2274347 bytes, checksum: 77b157715fb3e4c58f0ad28e8e15e9b2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of the study was to identify and describe the visual symptoms in seedlings of tomato processing, stemming from lack of macro and micronutrients and determine biometric attributes that stage. For this, using two hybrid (N901 and H9553) conducted an experiment in a agricultural greenhouse, in randomized complete block and in factorial arrangement with four replications. The treatments are composed of fourteen nutrient solutions as follows : full/control and the solutions with omitting isolated nutrients (-N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S, -B, -Cu, -Fe, -Mn, -Mo, -Zn) and only deionized water. Held sowing in trays with substrates for later transplanting for phenolic foam. Daily treatments to be applied and/or deionized water solutions. For 30 days of experiment was realized the analysis and records the evolution of nutritional deficiency symptoms. The results showed that the omission of isolated nutrient committed to quality seedlings, leading to morphological changes. The first symptoms developed on seedlings grown under omission, N and deionized water, Fe and Ca, respectively. The dry mass decreased in all treatments, except in the absence of B, with the following order of reduction: deionized water = N > Ca > K = P = S = Fe > Mg = Mn = Mo > Complete = Cu = Zn > B. These results are different from those found in the literature of adult plants. There was not interaction between the solutions and the hybrids, however the H9553 was more sensitive to nutritional deficiencies. / O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e descrever os sintomas visuais em mudas de tomate para processamento industrial, decorrentes da carência de macro e micronutrientes e determinar atributos biométricos nessa fase. Para isso, utilizando dois híbridos (N901 e H9553) foi conduzido um experimento em estufa agrícola, em blocos casualizados e arranjo fatorial com quatro repetições e quatorze soluções nutritivas configurando os tratamentos: completa/controle e as soluções com omissão isolada dos nutrientes (-N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S, -B, -Cu, -Fe, -Mn, -Mo, -Zn) e somente água deionizada. Realizou-se o semeio em bandejas com substratos para posterior transplantio para espuma fenólica. Diariamente aplicavam-se soluções tratamentos e/ou água deionizada. Durante 30 dias foram realizadas analises descritivas e registros da evolução dos sintomas de deficiência nutricional. Os resultados mostraram que a omissão isolada dos nutrientes comprometeu a qualidade das mudas, levando a alterações morfológicas. Os primeiros sintomas se manifestaram em plântulas cultivadas com omissão de N e água deionizada, Fe e Ca, nessa ordem. A fitomassa seca mostrou uma redução em todos os tratamentos, exceto sob ausência de B, apresentando a seguinte ordem de redução: água deionizada=N > Ca > P = K = S = Fe > Mg = Mn = Mo > Completa = Cu = Zn > B. Estes resultados diferem dos encontrados na literatura para plantas adultas. Não houve interação entre soluções e híbridos, porem o H9553, mostrou-se mais sensível às deficiências nutricionais.

No Brasil, apesar da existência de um aparato legal que insere a criança no mundo dos direitos humanos, há ainda a persistência da violência contra a criança, sendo a família um dos principais locus para sua ocorrência. De acordo com a Constituição Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, a responsabilidade pela defesa dos direitos da criança deve ser compartilhada por todos os segmentos da sociedade, incluindo as instituições educativas. Neste sentido, e considerando sua finalidade de promoção do desenvolvimento integral da criança, cabe à Educação Infantil contribuir para o enfrentamento da violência contra a infância. O presente projeto, neste contexto, teve como objetivo investigar como profissionais de creche significam e lidam com a questão da violência doméstica contra a criança. As instituições-alvo da pesquisa foram duas creches localizadas em Ribeirão Preto/São Paulo: uma que não havia notificado caso de violência doméstica contra a criança no Disque Denúncia e/ou Conselho Tutelar (creche A) e outra que havia notificado caso a estes órgãos (creche B). Para a seleção das creches, foi realizado um levantamento, junto ao Conselho Tutelar e Programa Disque Denúncia de Ribeirão Preto, de todos os casos encaminhados e seus respectivos notificantes, no período de outubro de 2005 a setembro de 2006. Os instrumentos utilizados para a obtenção dos dados nas creches foram: observações (5 meses) e entrevistas (17). Na creche A, foram realizadas entrevistas com funcionárias dos serviços gerais (2), educadoras (5) e diretora (1). Na creche B, foram realizadas entrevistas com funcionárias dos serviços gerais (2), educadoras (6) e coordenadora (1). Foram analisadas 10 entrevistas, sendo cinco de cada creche: 1 (diretora/coordenadora), 1 (funcionária de serviços gerais), 3 (educadoras). A metodologia de coleta e análise dos dados ancorou-se nos pressupostos da Rede de Significações. A análise dos dados apontou: 1) a existência de redes de sentidos, compostas não só por sentidos relativos à violência doméstica contra a criança, que canalizam/atravessam/justificam as ações dos profissionais da Educação Infantil no que tange à criança, à família e aos órgãos de proteção; 2) que os sentidos mobilizados e as principais ações realizadas, por funcionárias, em situações concretas de violência doméstica dirigida à criança (conversar com a criança, orientar a família e não notificar os casos aos órgãos de proteção), se diferenciam dos sentidos mobilizados e das ações defendidas em situações hipotetizadas (conversar com a família, visando à constatação da violência e encaminhar casos identificados aos órgãos de proteção); 3) a ocorrência de violência contra as crianças nas creches, sendo as práticas mais comuns o castigo, o grito e a ameaça; 4) a complexidade e a relação existente entre as formas como as funcionárias lidam com as crianças nas instituições e nos casos de violência familiar, bem como dos fenômenos da violência doméstica e da violência institucional; 5) que ações realizadas nas e pelas creches assumiriam diferentes posições em um continuum proteção/vitimização da criança. Assim, as reflexões realizadas, no presente estudo, ressaltam que é de fundamental importância que a Educação Infantil reflita sobre em quais discursos estão se pautando e como suas práticas vêm contribuindo para a proteção da criança, tanto nas creches e pré-escolas como nas famílias. Dessa forma, a Educação Infantil poderá promover/possibilitar o desenvolvimento integral das crianças, cumprindo seu papel político e pedagógico. / In Brazil, despite the existence of a legal apparatus that puts the child in the world of human rights, there is the persistence of violence against children; the family is a major locus for its occurrence. According to the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Child and Adolescent Statute, responsibility for defending the childrens rights should be shared by all segments of society, including educational institutions. In this sense, and considering its purpose of promoting the integral development of children, it is the Child Rearing to contribute to confront the violence against children. This project, in this context, is aimed to investigate how day nursery professionals deal with the issue of domestic violence against children. The target institutions of the search were two kindergartens located in Ribeirão Preto / São Paulo: one which had not reported cases of domestic violence against children in Dial Denounce and/ or Guardianship Councils (day nursery A) and another which had notified some cases to these institutions (day nursery B). For nurseries selection, a survey was conducted along with the Guardianship Councils and the Program of Dial Denounce in Ribeirão Preto of all cases referred and their respective applicants, from October 2005 to September 2006. The instruments used to collect data in the nursery school were: observation (5 months) and interviews (17). In the nursery A, interviews were held with general service employees (2), teachers (5) and director (1). In nursery B, interviews were held with general services employees (2), educators (6) and coordinator (1). We analyzed 10 interviews, five of each kindergarten: 1 (director / coordinator), 1 (general services employee), 3 (educators). The methodology for collecting and analyzing data is anchored on the assumptions of the Meaning Network. Data analysis showed: 1) the existence of the senses network, composed not only by senses of domestic violence against children, which direct / cross / justify the actions of professional Child Rearing in relation to child, the family and the protection institutions; 2) that the senses deployed and the main actions taken by employees in concrete situations of domestic violence targeted at kids (talk to the child, guide the family and not report the cases to the protection institutions), differ from those mobilized senses and actions held in hypothesized situations (talk with the family aiming to find and report the identified cases of violence to the protection institutions); 3) the occurrence of violence against children in day care centers, being the most common practice the punishment, and the scream and threat; 4) the complexity and the ways in which employees deal with children in institutions and in cases of family violence, as well as the phenomena of domestic violence and institutional violence; 5) that actions taken in by nurseries got different positions on a continuum protection / victimization of the child. Thus the considerations made in this study, emphasize that it is of fundamental importance that Child Rearing reflects on in which speeches are founded upon and how their practices are contributing to the protection of children, both in nurseries and pre-schools and in families. Thus, Children Education can promote / facilitate the full development of children, fulfilling its political role and teaching.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-03-20T19:44:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 karinenataliebarragodoy.pdf: 2298706 bytes, checksum: f53a014d7d8a3717654e8b421b0aa7d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-03-21T12:23:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 karinenataliebarragodoy.pdf: 2298706 bytes, checksum: f53a014d7d8a3717654e8b421b0aa7d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-21T12:23:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 karinenataliebarragodoy.pdf: 2298706 bytes, checksum: f53a014d7d8a3717654e8b421b0aa7d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-13 / Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar como a interação entre as crianças da Creche Comunitária Sorriso de Criança, bem como os significados de gênero, que emergem de brinquedos e brincadeiras na infância, contribuem na construção de suas identidades de gênero. As brincadeiras e os brinquedos fazem parte da cultura infantil e, compreendidos enquanto um sistema simbólico, contribuem para o processo de socialização e de formação de identidades de gênero. Partimos do ponto de vista de que as interações estabelecidas pelas crianças fazem parte do rol de experiências objetivas e subjetivas que vão criando as suas identidades, bem como os papéis sociais de gênero. O estudo caracterizou-se como sendo do tipo etnográfico. A técnica utilizada foi a observação participante para analisarmos a interação entre 15 crianças de uma turma, com idades de 3 e 4 anos, com as educadoras e com os brinquedos e as brincadeiras. Foi possível perceber que as experiências entre as crianças são atravessadas por discursos performativos de gênero. Evidenciou-se nas interações que, mesmo entre as crianças de pouca idade, os papéis de gênero estão muito próximos daqueles vividos pelos adultos que convivem no mesmo contexto social e cultural, e os brinquedos e brincadeiras tendem a reproduzir os papéis de masculinidade e feminilidade normativa, experimentadas em diferentes espaços de interação entre as crianças e entre as crianças e os adultos, tanto da família quanto da Creche Comunitária Sorriso de Criança. / This research aims at analyzing the interaction between the children of the Creche Comunitária Sorriso de Criança, as well as the gender meanings that emerge from toys and games during childhood contribute to the construction of their gender identities. Play and toys are part of children's culture and, understood as a symbolic system, contribute to the process of socialization and the formation of gender identities. We start from the point of view that the interactions established by children are part of the list of objective and subjective experiences that are creating their identities, as well as gender social roles. The study was characterized as being of the ethnographic type. The technique used was the participant observation to analyze the interaction between 15 children of a group of 3 and 4 year olds, with educators and with toys and games. It was possible to perceive that the experiences among the children are crossed by performative discourses of gender. It has been shown in the interactions that, even among young children, gender roles are very close to those lived by adults living in the same social and cultural context, and toys and games tend to reproduce the roles of masculinity and normative femininity, experienced in different spaces of interaction between children and between children and adults, both in the family and in the Creche Comunitária Sorriso de Criança.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO BRUNA PINTO.pdf: 1971266 bytes, checksum: 7467699061339a4c4abf8bf928d40ed4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-05 / This research had the aim of understanding the resilience construction of the man in illness process and survival to prostate cancer, by the context knowledge of the man in this process, and a further learning about the promotion factors of high degree of resilience of the prostate cancer survivor men. It talks about a study of an ethnographic case done with two prostate cancer survivor men with high degree of resilience. These subjects were caught from the data bank at the quantitative step of the Resilience as a survival strategy to cancer research, coordinated by Prof. Dr. Rosani Manfrin Muniz. The ethnographic data collection has followed the steps proposed by Hammersley and Atkinson (2007) for ethnographic studies, being done on the informant places, between April and May of 2012, through an interview in deepness semi-structured of the participant observation and notes registered in a dairy field and eco-map construction. The data analysis was developed based on the Minayo (2007) proposal, and interpreted through the Geertz (1989,1997) culture referential. This study results have showed that the illness and survival process was lived in different ways by each man, in spite of the equality generated by prostate cancer on the perspective of belonging to the male gender. The feelings attributed by the subjects to the cancer diagnosis and treatment were different, since one had the cancer late discovered, requiring a more invasive treatment, and the other had an early diagnosis what avoided such traumatic experience. The treatments side effects were related to sexuality and pervaded the identity of being elder. These men relationship with family, religiousness and/ or spirituality and the relationship with the health services, specially the doctor-patient, were identified as resilience promoter factors. For both, their children had a highlighted role on the process, being the paternity considered as a fundamental factor for the identity affirmation as man. The belief of a superior being was mentioned by both of them but lived in a distinct way. The men reported a good relationship with the health services, considering them as fundamental to cancer transposition. Both men in this study said were survivals and referred to themselves as privileged and lucky men. The survival was viewed by one of them as the capacity of being able to do pleasure activities. For the other, discovering cancer early and having a prestigious professional help made him not a survival but a privileged man. Highlighting the importance that, in treating and taking care of the individuals health, professionals must pay attention to cultural aspects that make that person unique and special, thus, the chances of adhesion and following therapy become higher, since he feels as an integrant part of the whole cure and overcoming process, becoming active in front of his own health. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender a construção da resiliência do homem no processo de adoecimento e sobrevivência ao câncer de próstata, pelo conhecimento do contexto do homem nesse processo, além de apreender os fatores de promoção de alto grau de resiliência do homem sobrevivente ao câncer de próstata. Trata-se de um estudo de caso etnográfico realizado com dois homens sobreviventes ao câncer com alto grau de resiliência. Estes sujeitos foram captados do banco de dados da etapa quantitativa da pesquisa A resiliência como estratégia de sobrevivência ao câncer , sob coordenação da Profa. Dra Rosani Manfrin Muniz. A coleta dos dados seguiu as etapas propostas por Hammersley e Atkinson (2007) para os estudos etnográficos, sendo realizada no domicílio dos informantes, no período de abril e maio de 2012, por meio da entrevista semi estruturada em profundidade, da observação participante com anotações registradas em diário de campo e da construção do ecomapa. A análise dos dados desenvolvida com base na proposta de Minayo (2007), e interpretada por meio do referencial de cultura de Geertz (1989,1997). Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que o processo de adoecimento e sobrevivência foi vivenciado de maneira distinta por cada homem, apesar da experiência de ter o câncer de próstata os igualarem na perspectiva de sua identidade de ser homem. Os sentidos atribuídos pelos sujeitos ao diagnóstico de câncer e tratamentos decorrentes deste foram diferentes, pois, para um, o câncer foi descoberto tardiamente, requerendo tratamento mais invasivo e para outro, o diagnóstico precoce evitou que a experiência fosse tão traumática. Os efeitos colaterais oriundos dos tratamentos relacionaram-se a sexualidade e perpassaram pela identidade de ser homem idoso. Identificou-se como fatores promotores da resiliência a relação destes homens com a família, a religiosidade e/ou espiritualidade e a relação com os serviços de saúde, em especial a médico-paciente. Para ambos os homens, os filhos tem papel de destaque nesse processo, sendo a paternidade considerada fator fundamental para afirmação de sua identidade enquanto homem. A crença em algo superior foi referenciada por ambos os homens, mas vivenciada de maneira distinta. Ambos os homens relataram bom relacionamento com os serviços de saúde, considerando-os fundamentais para transposição do câncer. Com relação a considerar-se sobrevivente, os homens deste estudo referiram-se privilegiados e sortudos. A sobrevivência foi encarada, por um deles, como a capacidade de poder realizar as atividades que considera prazerosas. Para outro, ter descoberto o câncer rapidamente e ter contado com o auxilio de um profissional de prestigio, o fizeram privilegiado, não sobrevivente. Conclui-se salientando a importância de que, no tratar e cuidar da saúde dos indivíduos, os profissionais atentem para os aspectos culturais que tornam aquele ser humano único e especial, pois, assim, as chances de adesão e seguimento de qualquer terapêutica aumentam, pois o individuo sente-se parte integrante de todo o processo de cura e superação, tornando-se ser sujeito ativo frente a própria saúde.

Au cours de leur cycle de vie, la plupart des espèces de poissons marins côtiers passent par des nourriceries littorales dont la qualité influence largement le succès du recrutement et donc le maintien de l’abondance de leurs populations. Or, la construction de ports entrain irrémédiablement une perte de fonction pour les habitats côtiers impactés. Dans ce contexte,l’objectif général de cette thèse était de voir si les zones portuaires peuvent malgré tout servir de nourriceries alternatives pour les poissons marins côtiers. Pour cela, les abondances des juvéniles de quatre espèces de sars, du genre Diplodus, ont d’abord été suivies dans cinq ports méditerranéens. Ceci a permis de montrer que ces espèces côtières peuvent s’installer et grandir avec succès dans les ports. La complexification de la structure 3D de l’habitat augmente sensiblement les abondances de juvéniles. Dans un second temps, la croissance, la condition et les niveaux de contamination desjuvéniles de deux espèces de sars (D. sargus et D. vulgaris) ont été comparés entre différents ports et habitats naturels de la rade de Toulon. Ceci a montré que la croissance et la condition des juvéniles peut être équivalente dans certains ports et dans les zones naturelles adjacentes, avec des niveaux de contamination faibles, même dans les zones les plus polluées. Enfin, la composition multi- élémentaire des otolithes des juvéniles de D. sargus et D. vulgaris a été comparée entre trois ports et deux zones naturelles de la rade de Toulon. Aucun élément chimique lié aux activités portuaires n’aété retrouvé en plus forte concentration dans les otolithes des juvéniles issus des ports. Il n’existe donc pas une signature unique caractéristique de l’ensemble des ports. La composition chimique des otolithes peut néanmoins être utilisée pour étudier la contribution relative des ports aux stocks d’adultes à condition de caractériser la signature de l’ensemble des habitats juvéniles potentiels. L’ensemble des résultats acquis indiquent que les ports peuvent être utilisés comme nourriceries alternatives par plusieurs espèces de poissons marins côtiers. Les projets d’ingénierie écologiquevisant à augmenter la complexité structurale des habitats portuaires sont des pistes intéressantes pour maintenir la biodiversité côtières et les stocks de poissons. / During their life cycle, most of the marine coastal fish species use nursery grounds which quality influence their recruitment and then the conservation of their populations. However, the construction of ports impair irremediably fish nursery function of the coastal areas impacted. The ultimate aim of the PhD research was to assess if ports could provide suitable alternative nursery habitats for coastal fish species. Firstly, abundances of the juveniles of four Diplodus species were surveyed in five marinas located along the French Mediterranean coast. This showed that coastal fishes can successfully settle and grow inside these artificialized coastal areas. Moreover, increasing the complexity of port habitats can considerably enhance their suitability for juveniles, especially at the youngest stages. Secondly, body condition, growth rate and metal contamination in the juveniles of two Diplodus species (D. sargus and D. vulgaris) were compared between different ports and natural areas in the Bay of Toulon. Juvenile growth and condition can be equivalent between fish collected from ports and from adjacent natural areas. Contamination levels in fish were low, even in highly polluted areas. Finally, otolith composition in the juveniles of D. sargus and D. vulgaris was investigated in three ports and two natural areas in the Bay of Toulon. None of the port related had systematically higher concentrations in otoliths from Diplodus juveniles collected in ports. Therefore, otolith microchemistry cannot provide a unique and reliable fingerprint discriminating ports and natural areas. Nevertheless, otolith microchemistry could provide an effective natural tag to determine the contribution of ports to adult stocks provided that a library of all potential juvenile habitat fingerprints is established. All these results confirm that ports can be used as alternative nursery habitats by marine coastal fishes. Ecological engineering projects aiming at increasing structural complexity of port habitats seem promising for biodiversity and fish stock conservation.

Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata were once dominant, reef-building corals of Caribbean reefs. Over the last several decades, population declines of Caribbean Acropora have been dramatic, and both species are now listed as “Threatened” under the United States Endangered Species Act. Numerous restoration efforts now utilize coral gardening techniques to cultivate these species for transplantation, in which A. cervicornis is primarily cultivated both on fixed structures and in line nurseries. This study evaluates growth and survivorship of multiple A. cervicornis genotypes grown via two line nursery techniques, and compares the efficacy of each against the conventional method of fixed nursery puck-mounted culture. Suspended nursery culture resulted in higher post-fragmentation survivorship of corals than puck culture, especially in warmer conditions. Disease incidence was significantly reduced by suspended culture, which also prevented predation from fireworms (Hermodice carunculata) prevalent in puck corals at the same nursery. Genotypic growth rate differences persisted among techniques, and suspended coral growth was comparable to puck culture. Suspended colonies may need more frequent pruning to avoid branch abrasion and breakage, but the technique is an effective means to reduce disease, predation, and post-fragmentation mortality in A. cervicornis nursery culture.

Denna studie har haft som syfte att synliggöra i vilka situationer förskolepedagoger och barn på en förskolas småbarnsavdelning använder sig av surfplattor. Faktorer som undersökts har varit vilka kontexter som utgör dessa situationer, vilka beståndsdelar dessa kontexter består av samt vilka motiv och aktiviteter som ligger till grund för användning av surfplattor. Studien har varit av kvalitativ karaktär och har undersökt en småbarnsavdelning med barn upp till tre år på en förskola i Stockholm. För att åstadkomma detta har semi-deltagande observationer skett på förskolan under fyra dagar. Den insamlade datan har ställts mot och analyserats efter Nardi, Dourish och Benyons teorier om kontext samt Blomberg, Burrell & Guests teori om etnografi. Undersökningen har funnit att motivet är den kontextuella beståndsdel som väger tyngst då den ligger till grund för resterande beståndsdelar. De tre motiv som identifierats i denna studie är kommunikation, visualisering och underhållning. / This report has aimed to visualize in which situations tablet computers are being used by nursery school teachers and children at a baby and toddler unit of a nursery school. Factors that have been studied are which contexts that constitute these situations, which components that constitute these contexts and which underlying motives and activities that encourage using tablet computers. The study has been of a qualitative type and has studied a baby and toddler unit at a Stockholm nursery school that include children of three years and younger. Semi-participant observations have been done in a period of four days. The gathered data has been analyzed according to Nardi, Dourish and Benyon’s view on context as well as Blomberg, Burrell & Guest’s view on ethnography. The study has found that the contextual component of most significance is the motive, since it forms the basis of remaining components. In this study, the three motives that have been identified are communication, visualization and entertainment.

This dissertation deals with the language skills of the preschool children in comparison with the expected competences. The main aim of this dissertation is to discover the level of the preschool children language skills and to compare them with the expected competences. The additional aim is to ascertain the activities used by the pedagogues to evolve the language skills of the preschool children. The methods of the language skills development, the support of the communication and language skills in the nursery school and the factors influencing language skills are described on the base of the professional literature in the theoretic parts of this dissertation. The proposal of the solution for the pedagogue's work efficiency improvement and preschool children language skills quality improvement is composed on the base of the testing and the survey.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Jason C. Woodworth / A total of 6,465 nursery pigs were used in 8 experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) or fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on nursery pig growth performance. A LP × FSBM interaction was detected for G:F, where LP and FSBM individually improved G:F, but the effect was not additive. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of increasing levels of LP on nursery pig performance. No evidence for differences in growth performance were observed among dietary treatments. Experiment 3 and 4 examined the effects of fish meal source and level on nursery pig growth performance. Overall, a source × level interaction for ADG, G:F and final BW was observed as increasing fish meal source 1 improved ADG and G:F; however, pigs fed fish meal source 2 had improved ADG and G:F at 3%, but decreased at 6%. Pigs fed fish meal source 3 had no further improvements in ADG and G:F beyond the 3% inclusion. No evidence for differences were detected between the dietary treatments for ADFI. Experiment 5 evaluated the effects of feeding fish solubles on nursery pig performance. Pigs fed diets with fish meal had increased ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed the control diet. There was no evidence for differences in growth performance as fish solubles increased. Experiment 6 and 7 investigated the effects of enzymatically-treated soybean meal (ESBM) on nursery pig performance. Results indicated that nursery pigs fed diets with greater than 9% of ESBM resulted in decreased ADFI and final BW. Experiment 8 evaluated the effects of dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) on nursery pig performance. Increasing dEB in diets from weaning to 21-d after weaning resulted in an increase in ADG and BW, which was the result of a marginally significant improvement in ADFI and G:F. Finally, an experiment was conducted to determine the optimal strategy for collecting and submitting samples that adequately describe the nutrient levels in diets collected from a commercial swine facility. Sampling feeders with a probe resulted in less variability on an individual basis, but seemed to get washed out when individual samples were pooled to form a composite sample.

Nursery Rhymes are understood as popular demonstrations and express feelings of regionality, ascendancy and originality, reflecting the rooting of acquirements and everyday experiences of the individual and the social group of belonging. Characterized as cultural practices, the nursery rhymes carry elements that cross generations and move in time and space. This research aims to analyze the Social Representations (SR) of teachers and parents of students on the played and sung nursery rhymes within schools that belong to the Sistema Municipal de Educação de Chapadinha, in Maranhão. The Social Representations in this research acquire a main character, because they allow recognizing at the same time the importance of nursery rhymes as a cultural practice and a didactic teaching, which provides the appreciation of the local culture and the rescue of values that tend to disappear on the current modernity in which we live. The exploratory and descriptive research is guided by a plan that gathers as instruments of data collection semi-structured interviews with teachers, meetings with focus groups of parents of students, previously marked and organized according to their availability of time and space, as well as the analysis of official documents that establish the guidelines to be worked in the first and second years of elementary school (Escolas do Campo) of the city of Chapadinha, besides observation reports, resulting from remarks made in situ. The data comprehension was performed by content analysis underneath the theoretical perspective that guides this approach, providing as a result the understanding that nursery rhymes meet childhood needs of the students because as cultural practices where they find the possibilities that can guide their learning, socialization and intersubjective exchanges interests, which, for them, are significant because they see themselves and find themselves within the perspectives of experienced context. / As cantigas de roda, entendidas como manifestações culturais populares, expressam sentimentos de regionalidade, de ascendência e de originalidade, traduzindo o enraizamento dos saberes e das experiências cotidianas do indivíduo e do grupo social de pertencimento. Caracterizadas como práticas culturais, as cantigas de roda carregam elementos que perpassam as gerações e se movimentam no tempo e espaço. Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar as Representações Sociais (RS) de docentes e de pais de alunos sobre as cantigas de roda brincadas e cantadas no âmbito das escolas pertencentes ao Sistema Municipal de Educação de Chapadinha, no Maranhão. As Representações Sociais, nesta pesquisa, adquirem um caráter central, pois permitem reconhecer, a um só tempo, a importância das cantigas de roda como práticas culturais e didático-pedagógicas, que propiciam a valorização da cultura local e o resgate de valores que tendem ao desaparecimento na atual modernidade em que se vive. A pesquisa exploratória e descritiva orienta-se por um plano, que reúne como instrumentos de coleta de dados as entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os professores, os encontros com os grupos focais dos pais de alunos, previamente marcados e organizados de acordo com suas disponibilidades de tempo e de espaço, bem como a análise dos documentos oficiais que estabelecem os saberes a serem trabalhados nos 1 e 2 anos do ensino fundamental das Escolas do Campo da cidade em questão, além de notas de campo, resultante de observações realizadas in loco. A interpretação dos dados foi realizada por meio da análise de conteúdo, sob a perspectiva teórica que orienta esta abordagem, oferecendo como resultado a compreensão que as cantigas de roda atendem às necessidades lúdicas dos alunos, porque, como práticas culturais, nelas encontram as possibilidades que podem guiar os seus interesses de aprendizagens, de socialização, de trocas intersubjetivas, que, para eles, são significativas, porque se vêem e se encontram dentro das perspectivas do contexto vivenciado.