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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Nutriční terapie u pacientů s chronickým onemocněním ledvin / Nutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease

Mokrejšová, Andrea January 2021 (has links)
Nutritional therapy is very significant for dialysis patients. The basis of the diet in hemodialysis treatment is a sufficient energy intake, increased protein intake, which corresponds to the needs of the dialysis patient. It can be difficult for patients to grasp a change in their diet compared to the period of pre-dialysis treatment, constant monitoring of all dietary restrictions due to insufficient filtration capacity of the kidneys, and at the same time compiling a still varied and balanced diet. For this reason, it is more than desirable for patients to be provided with the possibility of regular nutritional education and consultation. This individual care is essential for improving the quality of the patient's life and adequate support for hemodialysis treatment. This work aims to evaluate the change in the composition of the diet of hemodialysis patients after regular nutritional education. In addition to the adjustment of eating habits, other anthropometric and laboratory parameters related to the nutritional status of dialysis patients were also monitored. Patients were divided into two groups, according to their preferences. The first monitored group recorded their meals by hand or electronically. Patients from the second control group did not record their diet, instead they tried to...
12

Fatores determinantes na inadequação entre prescrição e recebimento de terapia nutricional enteral em pacientes hospitalizado / Factors leading to discrepancies between prescription and intake of enteral nutrition therapy in hospitalized patients

Martins, Juliana Renofio 25 May 2012 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar a frequência de inadequação entre a quantidade de Terapia Nutricional Enteral (TNE) prescrita e aquela recebida por pacientes internados em hospital geral, e estudar as condições associadas que podem levar a essa inadequação. Adultos hospitalizados (201), que receberam exclusivamente TNE, foram acompanhados por até 21 dias por equipe de especialistas em Terapia Nutricional, que registrou o processo em fichas específicas. Todos os doentes receberam fórmulas enterais industrializadas por sondas enterais ou nasoenterais, gastrostomias ou jejunostomias em sistema aberto. As causas de discordância entre prescrição e recebimento de NE não foram mutuamente excludentes. A análise estatística foi feita através de regressão logística pelo modelo de Cox. Dos 152 pacientes considerados na análise, 36 (23,5%) ficaram internados em enfermarias e 116 (76,5%) em UTI. Oitenta por cento dos pacientes receberam mais de 80% das necessidades energéticas diárias, a partir do quarto dia do acompanhamento. Existe inadequação entre a quantidade de TNE prescrita e aquela recebida em 20% dos pacientes. As causas de não recebimento de NE foram: atraso na administração de TNE (3,1%), distensão abdominal (5,6%), recusa do paciente (6,8%), obstrução de acesso enteral (8,6%), vômitos (10,5%), diarreia (17,9%), causa desconhecida (17,9%), suspensão de TNE por interferência de profissional não integrante da equipe especializada em TN (25,9%), perda acidental de acesso enteral (34%), estase gástrica (34%) e problemas logísticos (99,4%). A análise univariada apontou associação entre o grupo de pacientes que recebeu menos que 60% da energia prescrita e suspensão de TNE por interferência de profissional não integrante da equipe especializada em TN (p=0,016). Houve associação linear (p=0,025) entre o tipo de leito hospitalar e percentual de adequação no recebimento de dieta quanto maior a adequação entre prescrição e recebimento de dieta, menor foi o número de pacientes em UTI. A regressão logística apontou que pacientes com doenças neurológicas têm maior chance de receber mais que 80% da dieta prescrita que pacientes com doenças cardiológicas (OR=3,75; p<0,01). Pacientes com doenças cardiológicas e pacientes em UTIs estão mais sujeitos a receber menos que o total de NE prescrita / We investigated factors leading to a reduction in enteral nutrition (EN) prescribed by a nutritional support team (NST) at a general hospital in Brazil. In this prospective, observational study, hospitalized adults receiving only EN therapy via tube feeding were followed for up to 21 days between July and October 2008. The 152 subjects analyzed included 36 (23.5%) ward patients and 116 (76.5%) intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Eighty percent of the targeted feeding volume was achieved on day 4 by 80% of the patients. Inadequacy between prescription and intake of EN was 20%. Reasons for not receiving the total amount of EN prescribed included delay in the EN administration (3.1%), abdominal distention (5.6%), patient refusal to treatment (6.8%), feeding tube obstruction (8.6%), vomiting (10.5%), diarrhea (17.9%), unknown causes (17.9%), interference by a non-NST physician (25.9%), accidental feeding tube loss (34%), presence of high gastric residual (34%), and operational logistics at the hospitals Nutrition and Dietetics Service (99.4%). There was a significant association between patients who received less than 60% of the prescribed EN and external physician interference (p=0.016). Patients in ICU also received inadequate EN (p=0.025). Neurologic patients had a greater chance of receiving more than 80% of the prescribed EN amount than cardiac patients (Odds Ratio=3.75, p<0.01). Cardiologic patients and ICU patients are at a higher risk of inadequacy between prescription and intake of EN
13

Reabilitação fonoaudiológica da disfagia em Equipe Multiprofissional de Terapia Nutricional / Rehabilitation of dysphagia in Multiprofissional Team Nutrition Therapy

Maria, Samylla Lopes de Santa 26 February 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samylla Lopes de Santa Maria.pdf: 6787386 bytes, checksum: 9ab6a2a538b36bf6f17c8e68457f9aef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Multidisciplinary Team of Nutritional Therapy (EMTN) is mandatory in Brazilian hospitals for determination of ANVISA (SVS / MS No. 337). The EMTN is defined as a formal group consisting of at least one of the following professionals: doctor, nutritionist, nurse and pharmacist. The inclusion of this team speech therapy is optional, although specific speech therapy function in rehabilitation of oropharyngeal dysphagia, affecting a significant number of patients receiving care of the EMTN. Furthermore, the speech therapy also participates in the diagnosis of other swallowing disorders, functional evaluation by defining and performing the treatment in order to enable or re-enable compensate and / or adjust the oral functions affected. OBJECTIVE:To describe and analyze the speech therapy in the rehabilitation of dysphagia frames in patients under the care of the EMTN. METHOD: This is a quantitative and descriptive study. The sample was composed for convenience from the flow of patients in the Hospital of the EMTN (within 60 days) diagnosed with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia or mecânica oropharyngeal dysphagia with severe degree and use of alternative route to power. RESULTS: 32 patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 72.9 years (SD = 12.7). The most frequent medical diagnosis was a progressive neurological disease with 46.9%. The speech diagnosis of progressive neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia was the most frequent, with 50%. When comparing the speech therapy markers for dysphagia, evaluation, and hospital discharge, there was statistical significance ranging from p = <0.001 to 0.049. There was a reduction in cases of pneumonia, from 54.1% to 3.1%, as well as statistically significant association between the prognosis of speech therapy Release Oral (LVO) with 68.2% of diet for Oral (VO) in high. As for dietary at discharge is noted that the markers present status of improvement, with statistical significance especially for patients with unique diet orally high. In relation to the types of diet, it was observed that patients with neurogenic progressive dysphagia received high with the highest rate for modified diet (63.6%) and there was improvement in severe status markers for appropriate and especially in patients with mild diet solid at hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: the rehabilitation of dysphagia in patients followed by the EMTN was effective: 65.6% of the patients returned to power for VO exclusively for food or pleasure. This result depended on speech therapy, but from the multi and interaction in EMTN, according to which leverage up the performances of each professional specialty involved / A Equipe Multiprofissional de Terapia Nutricional (EMTN) é obrigatória nos hospitais brasileiros por determinação da ANVISA (Portaria SVS/MS nº 337). A EMTN é definida como um grupo formal constituído por, pelo menos, um dos seguintes profissionais: médico, nutricionista, enfermeiro e farmacêutico. A inclusão do fonoaudiólogo nessa equipe é opcional, embora seja função específica do fonoaudiólogo a reabilitação das disfagias orofaríngeas, que acometem um número relevante dos pacientes que recebem os cuidados da EMTN. Além disso, o fonoaudiólogo também participa do diagnóstico de outras alterações de deglutição, por meio de avaliação funcional, definindo e realizando o tratamento a fim de habilitar ou reabilitar, compensar e/ou adaptar as funções orais afetadas. OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar a intervenção fonoaudiológica na reabilitação de quadros disfágicos em pacientes sob os cuidados da EMTN. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo quantitativo e descritivo. A amostra foi composta, por conveniência, a partir do fluxo de pacientes na EMTN do Hospital (no período de 60 dias) com diagnóstico de Disfagia Orofaríngea Neurogênica ou Disfagia Orofaríngea Mecânica com grau grave e uso de via alternativa para alimentação. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 32 pacientes, com média de idade de 72,9 anos (dp=12,7). O diagnóstico médico mais frequente foi a doença neurológica progressiva com 46,9%. O diagnóstico fonoaudiológico de disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica progressiva foi o mais frequente, com 50%. Quando comparados os marcadores fonoaudiológicos para disfagia, na avaliação e na alta hospitalar, observou-se significância estatística com variação de p = <0,001 a 0,049. Houve redução nos quadros de pneumonias, de 54,1% para 3,1%, assim como associação estatisticamente significativa entre o prognóstico da fonoaudiologia de Liberação de Via Oral (LVO) com 68,2% de dieta por Via Oral (VO) na alta. Quanto a via alimentar na alta hospitalar nota-se que os marcadores apresentam melhora de status, com significância estatística sobretudo para pacientes com dieta exclusiva por VO na alta. Em relação aos tipos de dieta, observou-se que pacientes com disfagia neurogênica progressiva receberam alta com índice maior para dieta modificada (63,6%), assim como houve melhora de status dos marcadores de grave para adequado e leve principalmente em pacientes com dieta sólida na alta hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: a reabilitação fonoaudiológica da disfagia, em pacientes acompanhados pela EMTN, foi eficaz: 65,6% dos pacientes retornaram a alimentação para VO de forma exclusiva ou por prazer alimentar. Tal resultado dependeu do trabalho fonoaudiológico, mas a partir da ação multi e interprofissional na EMTN, em função da qual potencializam-se as atuações de cada especialidade profissional envolvida
14

Fatores determinantes na inadequação entre prescrição e recebimento de terapia nutricional enteral em pacientes hospitalizado / Factors leading to discrepancies between prescription and intake of enteral nutrition therapy in hospitalized patients

Juliana Renofio Martins 25 May 2012 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar a frequência de inadequação entre a quantidade de Terapia Nutricional Enteral (TNE) prescrita e aquela recebida por pacientes internados em hospital geral, e estudar as condições associadas que podem levar a essa inadequação. Adultos hospitalizados (201), que receberam exclusivamente TNE, foram acompanhados por até 21 dias por equipe de especialistas em Terapia Nutricional, que registrou o processo em fichas específicas. Todos os doentes receberam fórmulas enterais industrializadas por sondas enterais ou nasoenterais, gastrostomias ou jejunostomias em sistema aberto. As causas de discordância entre prescrição e recebimento de NE não foram mutuamente excludentes. A análise estatística foi feita através de regressão logística pelo modelo de Cox. Dos 152 pacientes considerados na análise, 36 (23,5%) ficaram internados em enfermarias e 116 (76,5%) em UTI. Oitenta por cento dos pacientes receberam mais de 80% das necessidades energéticas diárias, a partir do quarto dia do acompanhamento. Existe inadequação entre a quantidade de TNE prescrita e aquela recebida em 20% dos pacientes. As causas de não recebimento de NE foram: atraso na administração de TNE (3,1%), distensão abdominal (5,6%), recusa do paciente (6,8%), obstrução de acesso enteral (8,6%), vômitos (10,5%), diarreia (17,9%), causa desconhecida (17,9%), suspensão de TNE por interferência de profissional não integrante da equipe especializada em TN (25,9%), perda acidental de acesso enteral (34%), estase gástrica (34%) e problemas logísticos (99,4%). A análise univariada apontou associação entre o grupo de pacientes que recebeu menos que 60% da energia prescrita e suspensão de TNE por interferência de profissional não integrante da equipe especializada em TN (p=0,016). Houve associação linear (p=0,025) entre o tipo de leito hospitalar e percentual de adequação no recebimento de dieta quanto maior a adequação entre prescrição e recebimento de dieta, menor foi o número de pacientes em UTI. A regressão logística apontou que pacientes com doenças neurológicas têm maior chance de receber mais que 80% da dieta prescrita que pacientes com doenças cardiológicas (OR=3,75; p<0,01). Pacientes com doenças cardiológicas e pacientes em UTIs estão mais sujeitos a receber menos que o total de NE prescrita / We investigated factors leading to a reduction in enteral nutrition (EN) prescribed by a nutritional support team (NST) at a general hospital in Brazil. In this prospective, observational study, hospitalized adults receiving only EN therapy via tube feeding were followed for up to 21 days between July and October 2008. The 152 subjects analyzed included 36 (23.5%) ward patients and 116 (76.5%) intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Eighty percent of the targeted feeding volume was achieved on day 4 by 80% of the patients. Inadequacy between prescription and intake of EN was 20%. Reasons for not receiving the total amount of EN prescribed included delay in the EN administration (3.1%), abdominal distention (5.6%), patient refusal to treatment (6.8%), feeding tube obstruction (8.6%), vomiting (10.5%), diarrhea (17.9%), unknown causes (17.9%), interference by a non-NST physician (25.9%), accidental feeding tube loss (34%), presence of high gastric residual (34%), and operational logistics at the hospitals Nutrition and Dietetics Service (99.4%). There was a significant association between patients who received less than 60% of the prescribed EN and external physician interference (p=0.016). Patients in ICU also received inadequate EN (p=0.025). Neurologic patients had a greater chance of receiving more than 80% of the prescribed EN amount than cardiac patients (Odds Ratio=3.75, p<0.01). Cardiologic patients and ICU patients are at a higher risk of inadequacy between prescription and intake of EN
15

Znalosti pacientů s diabetem mellitem 2. typu o výživě a pohybové aktivitě / Knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus about nutrition and physical activity

Valentová, Lucie January 2020 (has links)
This diploma thesis is focused on the knowledge of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main aim of this work is to determine how well these patients are educated about type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on both the duration of the disease and whether they attend a nutritional therapist. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part provides general information about diabetes mellitus. There is a marginal description of pancreatic function and the history, definition and classification of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, its pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, screening, therapy and associated complications, both acute and chronic, are discussed in more detail. As part of type 2 diabetes therapy there is the most discussed non-pharmacological treatment, which includes dietary measures and physical activity. The practical part was formulated on the basis of quantitative research, which was carried out using a questionnaire survey. Data were collected from November 2019 to March 2020. 150 questionnaires were distributed to different inpatient departments and clinics in Jičín Hospital. 106 completed questionnaires were returned, but 24 of them had to be rejected due to incomplete or incorrect completion. The research sample...
16

Patients' Perceptions of Diet-Only Therapy in the Prevention of Diabetes Complications

Inyang, Cornelia Emmanuel 01 January 2019 (has links)
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Type 2 diabetes is linked to many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney failure. African American adults have a high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes with early onset of diabetes complications. Poor dietary behavior is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes and its complications, changing dietary behaviors can prevent the onset of diabetes complications or impede existing ones. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore patients' perceptions of diet-only therapy in the prevention of diabetes complications. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with six African American adults with Type 2 diabetes between 40 to 64 years using purposeful sampling method. Health belief model formed the conceptual framework of the study. I applied inductive coding process and manually analyze data for themes. Participants expressed fear of diabetes complications, acknowledged effectiveness of dietary therapy, physician communication and strong family support in Type 2 diabetes management. Findings can produce positive social change among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Patients can be motivated to change their dietary behaviors to prevent disability and death from diabetes complications. Adherence to diet can reduce medical costs associated with Type 2 diabetes and its complications at the individual, family, community, and government levels. Health care providers can apply the findings in their interactions with patients to provide a more patient-centered education that integrates patients' cultural and dietary preferences to facilitate adoption of dietary interventions and long-term adherence.
17

An?lise de inadequa??es na administra??o da terapia nutricional enteral em pacientes cr?ticos / Analysis of inadequacies in the administration of enteral nutritional therapy in critically ill patients

Jos?, Isabela Bernasconi 04 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-02-20T11:53:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ISABELA BERNASCONI JOSE.pdf: 1712904 bytes, checksum: a60a60f1cbb4056edf9f0326d215a4f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T11:53:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ISABELA BERNASCONI JOSE.pdf: 1712904 bytes, checksum: a60a60f1cbb4056edf9f0326d215a4f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-04 / ?Introduction: Enteral Nutrition Therapy (ENT) is the preferential way to feed critically ill patients and its main goal is to prevent and treat nutritional deficiencies and hospital malnutrition. Achieving energy and protein targets in these patients is a daily challenge for the care team in the intensive care setting. Objective: To monitor the energy and protein delivery and the inadequacies of ENT in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Method: In this prospective longitudinal study, 82 patients admitted in the ICU of an university hospital were studied. The following variables were evaluated: energetic and protein goals of ENT, the prescribed and delivered ENT, the causes and frequencies of the insufficient delivery and enteral nutrition outcomes. These patients had their nutritional diagnosis defined by anthropometric parameters, laboratory tests and nutritional risk screening tools (NUTRIC score and nutritional risk screening). For the statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon test, the Chi-square test or the Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: The average energy goal was 2132.91 kcal and protein goal was 113.96 g per day. The average energy delivery was 53.44% of the target and protein was 43.72% of the target, a statistically significant difference for both variables (p<0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) for all comparisons made between the goal, prescription and infusion of ENT. The average energy prescribed was 68% (p<0,0001) of the target, and 53% (p<0,0001) of the energy target was delivered. The average protein prescribed was 58% (p<0,0001) of the target, and only 43% (p<0,0001) of was delivered. The patients received 72% of what was prescribed for both, energy and protein. All patients presented an inadequacy of the ENT delivery and for 90%, there was no justification for the delay of the ENT delivery. Half (50%) of the patients in ENT were at nutritional risk. Conclusion: The ENT does not meet entirely the critically ill patients energy and protein needs. The complications that affect these patients interrupts the delivery of the ENT, as well as preventable delays. Such findings consolidate the importance of adequate and careful monitoring of ENT in critically ill patients. / Introdu??o: A terapia nutricional enteral (TNE) ? a via de escolha preferencial para nutrir pacientes graves e tem como principal objetivo prevenir e tratar as defici?ncias nutricionais e a desnutri??o hospitalar. Atingir as metas energ?ticas e proteicas nestes pacientes ? um desafio di?rio para a equipe de cuidados no ambiente da terapia intensiva. Objetivo: Monitorar a oferta energ?tica e proteica e as inadequa??es da TNE em pacientes cr?ticos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. M?todo: Em um estudo longitudinal prospectivo, foram estudados 82 pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universit?rio. Foram avaliadas as seguintes vari?veis: metas energ?tica e proteica da (TNE), os valores prescritos e administrados da (TNE), as causas e frequ?ncias das inadequa??es na infus?o da dieta, e os desfechos da terapia nutricional. O diagn?stico nutricional foi definido por meio de par?metros antropom?tricos, exames laboratoriais e instrumentos de rastreamento nutricional (nutric score e nutritional risk screening). Para a an?lise estat?stica foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon, o teste Qui-quadrado ou teste Exato de Fisher e o teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: A m?dia da meta energ?tica foi de 2.132,91 kcal e a proteica foi de 113,96 g por dia. A infus?o m?dia de energia foi de 53,44% da meta e de prote?na foi de 43,72% da meta, diferen?a estatisticamente significante para ambas as vari?veis (p<0,0001). Verificou-se diferen?a estatisticamente significante (p<0,0001) para todas as compara??es efetuadas entre a meta, prescri??o e infus?o da TNEE. Para a caloria, a prescri??o foi em m?dia 68% (p<0,0001) do valor da meta calculada, sendo infundido 53% (p<0,0001) do valor da meta energ?tica. Para a prote?na, a prescri??o foi em m?dia 58% (p<0,0001) do valor da meta, sendo infundido em m?dia 43% (p<0,0001) do valor da meta proteica. Foi infundido 72% do que foi prescrito tanto para caloria como para prote?na. Todos os pacientes avaliados apresentaram algum tipo de intercorr?ncia na infus?o e para 90% dos pacientes n?o houve justificativa para o atraso na infus?o. Cinquenta por cento (50%) dos pacientes em TNE apresentavam risco nutricional. Conclus?o: A TNE n?o supre totalmente as necessidades energ?ticas e proteicas dos pacientes cr?ticos. As complica??es que acometem o paciente grave interrompem a infus?o da dieta, bem como atrasos evit?veis. Tais achados refor?am a import?ncia do monitoramento adequado e cuidadoso da terapia nutricional enteral no paciente grave.
18

Avaliação da qualidade da terapia nutricional parenteral em hospital geral brasileiro de grande porte dotado de equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional / Evaluation of the parenteral nutrition therapy quality in a large Brazilian general hospital with a multidisciplinary team of nutrition therapy

Shiroma, Glaucia Midori 22 January 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O controle de qualidade em Terapia Nutricional Parenteral permite a identificação de processos inadequados em nutrição parenteral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da prática de Terapia Nutricional Parenteral em um hospital geral brasileiro de grande porte com uma Equipe Multidisciplinar de Terapia Nutricional estabelecida. MÉTODOS: O presente estudo observacional, longitudinal, analítico e prospectivo analisou 100 pacientes adultos internados sob terapia nutricional parenteral e os cuidados de uma equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional, durante 21 dias ou até a alta hospitalar/óbito. Durante esse período, a qualidade da terapia nutricional parenteral praticada foi avaliada em relação à conformidade de sua indicação com diretrizes internacionais (ASPEN 2007), à conformidade do volume de solução de nutrição parenteral prescrito com aquele efetivamente infundido, à conformidade com metas de indicadores de qualidade em terapia nutricional (IQTN; ILSI-Brasil) e à incidência de complicações mecânicas, metabólicas e infecciosas. A associação entre as diferentes variáveis estudadas foi testada por análise univariada, aplicando-se o teste exato de Fisher. A correlação com desfechos clínicos (alta / óbito) incluiu a análise de variância Anova (para grupos de doenças) e o teste Mann-Whitney (para adequação entre volume prescrito e volume recebido de solução parenteral). Para todas as análises adotou-se nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05) e o programa SPSS 18,0 para Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, EUA) para sua condução. RESULTADOS: As indicações de terapia nutricional parenteral não estavam em conformidade com as orientações da ASPEN 2007 em 15 pacientes. Entre os 85 pacientes restantes, 48 (56,5%) não receberam terapia nutricional parenteral adequadamente (> 80% do volume total prescrita). Fatores significativamente associados com inadequação do volume de nutrição parenteral infundido (p < 0,005) foram: ordem médica independente da equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional, progressão da terapia nutricional parenteral, mudanças no cateter venoso central, causas desconhecidas e desajustes operacionais (por exemplo, perda de prescrição médica, não entrega da solução de NP por atraso na farmácia, temperaturas inadequadas para infusão da solução de NP). Observou-se correlação inversa significativa entre o tempo de administração de volume adequado de nutrição parenteral com a ocorrência de óbitos; e correlação direta dessa variável com a ocorrência de alta hospitalar (p = 0,047). Os indicadores de qualidade em terapia nutricional relacionados a cálculo de necessidades energéticas e proteicas e níveis de glicemia atingiram as metas estipuladas pelos indicadores; no entanto, a taxa de sepse e infecção de cateter venoso central foi maior do que a meta por eles preconizada. As complicações associadas à terapia nutricional parenteral encontradas foram de natureza infecciosa, principalmente relacionadas a infecções do cateter venoso central (28,23%). CONCLUSÕES: Em um hospital geral brasileiro de grande porte, apesar da presença de uma equipe de suporte nutricional estabelecida, observou-se um nível moderado de inadequação na indicação, administração e monitoramento da terapia nutricional parenteral nele praticada. Alguns fatores externos ao controle da equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional parecem ser responsáveis por essas inadequações. Essas observações reforçam a necessidade de rever a eficiência da equipe de suporte nutricional, principalmente quanto à sua inter-relação com os demais membros da equipe assistencial hospitalar / INTRODUCTION: Quality control in parenteral nutrition therapy allows the identification of inadequate processes in parenteral nutrition. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of parenteral nutrition therapy at a large Brazilian general hospital with an established nutrition support team. METHODS: This observational, longitudinal, analytical, and prospective study examined 100 hospitalized adult patients under parenteral nutrition therapy and the care of a nutritional support team for 21 days or until hospital discharge / death. During this period, the quality of practiced parenteral nutrition therapy was evaluated for compliance of its indication with international guidelines (ASPEN 2007), for compliance of the total volume of parenteral nutrition solution prescribed with that effectively infused, for compliance with the goals of quality nutritional therapy indicators (IQTN; ILSI-Brazil), and for the incidence of mechanical, metabolic and infectious complications. The association between the different variables was tested by univariate analysis, applying the Fisher\'s exact test. The correlation with clinical outcomes (discharge / death) included the analysis of variance ANOVA (for groups of diseases) and the Mann-Whitney test (for compliance between prescribed volume and received volume of parenteral solution). For all analyzes we adopted a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) and applied the SPSS 18,0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, EUA) for statistical comparisons. RESULTS: parenteral nutrition therapy indications were not in accordance with the ASPEN 2007 guidelines in 15 patients. Among the remaining 85 patients, 48 (56.5%) did not receive parenteral nutrition therapy properly (> 80% of the total volume prescribed). Non-nutritional support team medical orders, progression to and from enteral nutrition, changes in the central venous catheter, unknown causes and operational errors (e.g., medical prescription loss, parenteral nutrition non-delivery, pharmacy delays, inadequate parenteral nutrition bag temperature) were associated with parenteral nutrition therapy inadequacy (p < 0.005). There was a significant inverse correlation between the administration time of appropriate amount of parenteral nutrition with the occurrence of deaths; and a direct correlation of this variable with the occurrence of hospital discharge (p = 0.047). The Quality Indicators for Nutrition Therapy related to estimated energy expenditure and protein requirements and glycemia levels reached the expected targets; however, the central venous catheter rate was higher than 6 per 1000 catheters/day and did not meet the expected targets. Complications associated with parenteral nutrition were infectious in nature, mainly related to the central venous catheter infection (28.23%). CONCLUSIONs: In a large Brazilian general hospital, despite the presence of an established nutritional support team, there was a moderate level of inadequacy in the indication, administration and monitoring of the practiced parenteral nutrition therapy. Some factors external to the control of the multidisciplinary team of nutrition therapy appear to account for these inadequacies. These observations emphasize the need to review the effectiveness of nutritional support team, mainly regarding its interrelation with the other hospital care team members
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Avaliação da qualidade da terapia nutricional parenteral em hospital geral brasileiro de grande porte dotado de equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional / Evaluation of the parenteral nutrition therapy quality in a large Brazilian general hospital with a multidisciplinary team of nutrition therapy

Glaucia Midori Shiroma 22 January 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O controle de qualidade em Terapia Nutricional Parenteral permite a identificação de processos inadequados em nutrição parenteral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da prática de Terapia Nutricional Parenteral em um hospital geral brasileiro de grande porte com uma Equipe Multidisciplinar de Terapia Nutricional estabelecida. MÉTODOS: O presente estudo observacional, longitudinal, analítico e prospectivo analisou 100 pacientes adultos internados sob terapia nutricional parenteral e os cuidados de uma equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional, durante 21 dias ou até a alta hospitalar/óbito. Durante esse período, a qualidade da terapia nutricional parenteral praticada foi avaliada em relação à conformidade de sua indicação com diretrizes internacionais (ASPEN 2007), à conformidade do volume de solução de nutrição parenteral prescrito com aquele efetivamente infundido, à conformidade com metas de indicadores de qualidade em terapia nutricional (IQTN; ILSI-Brasil) e à incidência de complicações mecânicas, metabólicas e infecciosas. A associação entre as diferentes variáveis estudadas foi testada por análise univariada, aplicando-se o teste exato de Fisher. A correlação com desfechos clínicos (alta / óbito) incluiu a análise de variância Anova (para grupos de doenças) e o teste Mann-Whitney (para adequação entre volume prescrito e volume recebido de solução parenteral). Para todas as análises adotou-se nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05) e o programa SPSS 18,0 para Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, EUA) para sua condução. RESULTADOS: As indicações de terapia nutricional parenteral não estavam em conformidade com as orientações da ASPEN 2007 em 15 pacientes. Entre os 85 pacientes restantes, 48 (56,5%) não receberam terapia nutricional parenteral adequadamente (> 80% do volume total prescrita). Fatores significativamente associados com inadequação do volume de nutrição parenteral infundido (p < 0,005) foram: ordem médica independente da equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional, progressão da terapia nutricional parenteral, mudanças no cateter venoso central, causas desconhecidas e desajustes operacionais (por exemplo, perda de prescrição médica, não entrega da solução de NP por atraso na farmácia, temperaturas inadequadas para infusão da solução de NP). Observou-se correlação inversa significativa entre o tempo de administração de volume adequado de nutrição parenteral com a ocorrência de óbitos; e correlação direta dessa variável com a ocorrência de alta hospitalar (p = 0,047). Os indicadores de qualidade em terapia nutricional relacionados a cálculo de necessidades energéticas e proteicas e níveis de glicemia atingiram as metas estipuladas pelos indicadores; no entanto, a taxa de sepse e infecção de cateter venoso central foi maior do que a meta por eles preconizada. As complicações associadas à terapia nutricional parenteral encontradas foram de natureza infecciosa, principalmente relacionadas a infecções do cateter venoso central (28,23%). CONCLUSÕES: Em um hospital geral brasileiro de grande porte, apesar da presença de uma equipe de suporte nutricional estabelecida, observou-se um nível moderado de inadequação na indicação, administração e monitoramento da terapia nutricional parenteral nele praticada. Alguns fatores externos ao controle da equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional parecem ser responsáveis por essas inadequações. Essas observações reforçam a necessidade de rever a eficiência da equipe de suporte nutricional, principalmente quanto à sua inter-relação com os demais membros da equipe assistencial hospitalar / INTRODUCTION: Quality control in parenteral nutrition therapy allows the identification of inadequate processes in parenteral nutrition. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of parenteral nutrition therapy at a large Brazilian general hospital with an established nutrition support team. METHODS: This observational, longitudinal, analytical, and prospective study examined 100 hospitalized adult patients under parenteral nutrition therapy and the care of a nutritional support team for 21 days or until hospital discharge / death. During this period, the quality of practiced parenteral nutrition therapy was evaluated for compliance of its indication with international guidelines (ASPEN 2007), for compliance of the total volume of parenteral nutrition solution prescribed with that effectively infused, for compliance with the goals of quality nutritional therapy indicators (IQTN; ILSI-Brazil), and for the incidence of mechanical, metabolic and infectious complications. The association between the different variables was tested by univariate analysis, applying the Fisher\'s exact test. The correlation with clinical outcomes (discharge / death) included the analysis of variance ANOVA (for groups of diseases) and the Mann-Whitney test (for compliance between prescribed volume and received volume of parenteral solution). For all analyzes we adopted a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) and applied the SPSS 18,0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, EUA) for statistical comparisons. RESULTS: parenteral nutrition therapy indications were not in accordance with the ASPEN 2007 guidelines in 15 patients. Among the remaining 85 patients, 48 (56.5%) did not receive parenteral nutrition therapy properly (> 80% of the total volume prescribed). Non-nutritional support team medical orders, progression to and from enteral nutrition, changes in the central venous catheter, unknown causes and operational errors (e.g., medical prescription loss, parenteral nutrition non-delivery, pharmacy delays, inadequate parenteral nutrition bag temperature) were associated with parenteral nutrition therapy inadequacy (p < 0.005). There was a significant inverse correlation between the administration time of appropriate amount of parenteral nutrition with the occurrence of deaths; and a direct correlation of this variable with the occurrence of hospital discharge (p = 0.047). The Quality Indicators for Nutrition Therapy related to estimated energy expenditure and protein requirements and glycemia levels reached the expected targets; however, the central venous catheter rate was higher than 6 per 1000 catheters/day and did not meet the expected targets. Complications associated with parenteral nutrition were infectious in nature, mainly related to the central venous catheter infection (28.23%). CONCLUSIONs: In a large Brazilian general hospital, despite the presence of an established nutritional support team, there was a moderate level of inadequacy in the indication, administration and monitoring of the practiced parenteral nutrition therapy. Some factors external to the control of the multidisciplinary team of nutrition therapy appear to account for these inadequacies. These observations emphasize the need to review the effectiveness of nutritional support team, mainly regarding its interrelation with the other hospital care team members
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Hodnocení celkového nutričního stavu a klinických projevů u kojenců s alergickou kolitidou / Assessment of Nutritional Status and Clinical Manifestation in Infants with Allergic Colitic

Weidenthalerová, Edita January 2020 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of clinical manifestations in infants with allergic colitis and their overall nutritional status, anthropometry, blood count and antibodies against cow's milk proteins. Allergic colitis is one of the most common manifestations of infant allergy to cow`s milk protein with gastrointestinal involvement. The theoretical part summarizes the anthropometric evaluation of growth and development, infant nutrition, the most important laboratory indicators of nutritional status. The part is generally devoted to food allergies, mainly allergy to cow's milk protein. The practical part deals with the evaluation of a sample of examined patients in gastroenterology outpatient clinics and nutritional outpatient clinic of the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Hospital in Prague. The observed group of infants with allergic colitis includes infants exclusively breastfed, breastfed by a mother following a non-dairy diet, infants on an extensive hydrolyzate or on an amino acid formula. The main goal of the diploma thesis was to trace the most common clinical manifestations and whether there are any changes in their nutritional status during the disease and its treatment. A total of 45 randomly...

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