Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 2008

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1938. / Thesis note and Vita on labels inserted.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2001--Berlin.

<p>A new reform of immigration in Sweden was introduced in 2006. This implied both a new decision hierarchy and process routine for dealing with asylum-related cases. Furthermore, a new Aliens’ Act came into force. The purpose of the changes was to strengthen the principle of law and order. The Swedish Migration Board, as the authority responsible for immigration cases, has employed Litigation Officers for the Administrative Procedure Unit. The Officers’ task is to reconsider verdicts in asylum cases and represent the authority on personal proceedings in the courts. Proceedings are a new occurrence in the asylum process.</p><p>The object of this study is the Litigation Officers and how they act as executers of political decisions. The following two questions are precisely defined:</p><p>i) Under which conditions do the Litigation Officers carry into effect the new directions and rules concerning the principle of strengthened law and order?</p><p>ii) How much freedom of action do they have when discharging their official duties?</p><p>Three theories are discussed related to the subject of the study. The first is about the forms of parliamentary steering of the society. The second theory discusses two perspectives of officers’ freedom of action. Finally, the third theory is about the characteristics of conditions necessary for a successful parliamentary steering.</p><p>In order to answer the questions, six Litigation Officers working in different Administrative Procedure Units in Sweden were interviewed. The investigations showed that the officers were both qualified and willing to carry into effect the directions and rules of the principle of strengthened law and order, but were hindered in their work by serious deficiencies of the Aliens’ Act. The investigation also showed that Litigation Officers were satisfied with their freedom of action when discharging their official duties. They experienced a little more freedom in the procedural part of their work. On the other hand, they felt more limited in interpreting the law of the Aliens’ Act. Otherwise the officers adhered to guidelines in being executers of political decisions.</p>

University, Diss., 2004--Frankfurt (Main).

A Dissertação trata da influência da Ordem Pública na arbitrabilidade das disputas comerciais internacionais, na perspectiva brasileira. Na sua primeira parte, traçam-se as bases teóricas da noção de Ordem Pública e as suas repercussões no ordenamento brasileiro. Na segunda parte, examina-se a Convenção de Nova York de 1958 e, especialmente, o papel que a noção de Ordem Pública desempenha no seu regime. A partir daí, aborda-se a questão da arbitrabilidade e do dever dos árbitros de proferir uma sentenças exequível para se concluir que a observância da Ordem Pública é um requisito de arbitrabilidade, nos termos da Convenção de Nova York de 1958. / The thesis regards the influence of Public Policy in the arbitrability of international commercial disputes, in the Brazilian perspective. In its first part, it sets the theoretical basis of the Public Pulicy notion and its repercussion in the Brazilian legal system. In its second part, it examines the 1958 New York Convention and, especially, the role of Public Policy in the Convention’s regimen. From that point, it analyzes the issue of arbitrability and the arbitrators’ duty to render an enforceable award, to conclude that compliance with Public Policy is a requirement of arbitrability under the 1958 New York Convention.

A Dissertação trata da influência da Ordem Pública na arbitrabilidade das disputas comerciais internacionais, na perspectiva brasileira. Na sua primeira parte, traçam-se as bases teóricas da noção de Ordem Pública e as suas repercussões no ordenamento brasileiro. Na segunda parte, examina-se a Convenção de Nova York de 1958 e, especialmente, o papel que a noção de Ordem Pública desempenha no seu regime. A partir daí, aborda-se a questão da arbitrabilidade e do dever dos árbitros de proferir uma sentenças exequível para se concluir que a observância da Ordem Pública é um requisito de arbitrabilidade, nos termos da Convenção de Nova York de 1958. / The thesis regards the influence of Public Policy in the arbitrability of international commercial disputes, in the Brazilian perspective. In its first part, it sets the theoretical basis of the Public Pulicy notion and its repercussion in the Brazilian legal system. In its second part, it examines the 1958 New York Convention and, especially, the role of Public Policy in the Convention’s regimen. From that point, it analyzes the issue of arbitrability and the arbitrators’ duty to render an enforceable award, to conclude that compliance with Public Policy is a requirement of arbitrability under the 1958 New York Convention.

A Dissertação trata da influência da Ordem Pública na arbitrabilidade das disputas comerciais internacionais, na perspectiva brasileira. Na sua primeira parte, traçam-se as bases teóricas da noção de Ordem Pública e as suas repercussões no ordenamento brasileiro. Na segunda parte, examina-se a Convenção de Nova York de 1958 e, especialmente, o papel que a noção de Ordem Pública desempenha no seu regime. A partir daí, aborda-se a questão da arbitrabilidade e do dever dos árbitros de proferir uma sentenças exequível para se concluir que a observância da Ordem Pública é um requisito de arbitrabilidade, nos termos da Convenção de Nova York de 1958. / The thesis regards the influence of Public Policy in the arbitrability of international commercial disputes, in the Brazilian perspective. In its first part, it sets the theoretical basis of the Public Pulicy notion and its repercussion in the Brazilian legal system. In its second part, it examines the 1958 New York Convention and, especially, the role of Public Policy in the Convention’s regimen. From that point, it analyzes the issue of arbitrability and the arbitrators’ duty to render an enforceable award, to conclude that compliance with Public Policy is a requirement of arbitrability under the 1958 New York Convention.

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the application and suitability of managerialism, in reforming the organisation of public specialised care management and operations in Finland. Managerialism refers to the reforming of the public-sector administration, using business management models and practices originating from the private sector. The study combined a qualitative and quantitative research approach. The material consisted of annual reports from four university hospital districts (n = 59), regulations and administrative rules (n = 42) from 1991–2005 as well as a questionnaire (n = 157). Content analysis and statistical analysis were used as the methods of analysis. Managerialism is defined as an ideology, reform and change of management paradigm. As an ideology, managerialism emphasises good, professional management, which is achieved through training and education as well as the manager's right to manage. In terms of reform, managerialism includes decentralisation, results orientation and market orientation in the structural reform of public organisations. As a change of management paradigm, managerialism involves the breakdown of bureaucracy and professional management. According to the qualitative assessment, features complying with managerialism had been applied in varying degrees, between 1991 and 2005, in reforming the organisation of the management and operation of hospital districts. Reform, in accordance with managerialism, was manifested best in one hospital district; this was evident when looking at both sets of data. According to the quantitative assessment, hospital district management was a combination of bureaucratic, professional and managerialist management. Bureaucratic management was manifested in the hospital districts, as classic features of bureaucracy. There was continued support for professional management, evidenced by the requirement that leading positions at medical units be reserved for doctors. Among the features of managerialist management, human-centred and results-centred management and the preconditions of management were manifested in the hospital districts. According to the results of the study, the ideological features of managerialism, as management principles, were accepted in guiding the reform of public specialised care, whereas attitudes towards the reformist features, as service structure reformers, were more negative. The opinions of the topmost management of the hospital districts, and those of unit management, differed in terms of the assessment of the suitability for the specialised care reform of the features, emphasising the efficiency of manageralism and a market-oriented approach. Conflicting views of the suitability of managerialism for reforming specialised care in the public sector were associated with the position of the respondent within the organisation and the management's educational background. The findings of the study can be utilised in political decision-making and internal development work within the hospital districts, in reforming specialised care management and service structures and in the multi-professional management training of health care management personnel. The findings provide a new public management model for public-sector specialised care in Finland. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli arvioida managerialismin soveltamista ja soveltuvuutta suomalaisen julkisen erikoissairaanhoidon johtamisen ja toiminnan organisoinnin uudistamisessa. Managerialismilla tarkoitettiin julkisen hallinnon uudistamista yksityissektorilta peräisin olevin liikkeenjohdon opein ja -käytännöin. Tutkimuksessa yhdistettiin samanaikaisesti kvalitatiivinen ja kvantitatiivinen tutkimusmetodi. Tutkimusaineistoina käytettiin neljän yliopistollisen sairaanhoitopiirin toimintakertomuksia (n = 59), johto- ja hallintosääntöjä (n = 42) vuosilta 1991–2005 sekä kirjallista kyselyä (n = 157). Analyysimenetelminä käytettiin sisällön analyysia ja tilastollista analyysiä. Managerialismi määriteltiin ideologiana, reformina ja johtamisparadigman muutoksena. Ideologiana managerialismi korosti hyvää, ammattimaista johtamista, johon kouluttaudutaan, sekä johtajan oikeutta johtaa. Reformina managerialismi sisälsi hajauttamisen, tulosorientaation sekä markkinaohjautuvuuden julkisten organisaatioiden rakenneuudistuksissa. Johtamisparadigman muutoksena managerialismi merkitsi byrokratian ja professionaalisen johtamisen murtamista. Kvalitatiivisen arvioinnin mukaan managerialismin mukaisia piirteitä oli sovellettu vaihtelevasti vuosina 1991–2005 sairaanhoitopiirien johtamisen ja toiminnan organisoinnin uudistamisessa. Yhdessä sairaanhoitopiirissä managerialismin mukainen uudistaminen ilmeni parhaimmin, ja molempien aineistojen perusteella. Kvantitatiivisen arvioinnin mukaan sairaanhoitopiirien johtaminen oli yhdistelmä byrokraattista, professionaalista ja managerialistista johtamista. Byrokraattinen johtaminen ilmeni sairaanhoitopiireissä byrokratian klassisina piirteinä. Professionaalista johtamista tuettiin edelleen sairaanhoidollisten yksiköiden johtotehtävien lääkärikelpoisuusehdoilla. Managerialistisen johtamisen piirteistä ilmenivät sairaanhoitopiireissä ihmiskeskeinen ja tuloskeskeinen johtaminen sekä johtamisen edellytykset. Tutkimustulosten mukaan managerialismin ideologiset piirteet johtamisen periaatteina hyväksyttiin ohjaamaan julkisen erikoissairaanhoidon uudistamista, kun taas reformistisiin piirteisiin palvelurakenteiden uudistajina suhtauduttiin kielteisemmin. Sairaanhoitopiirien ylimmän johdon ja vastuualueiden johdon arviot erosivat toisistaan managerialismin tehokkuutta korostavien piirteiden ja markkinaperusteisen toimintatavan soveltuvuuden arvioinnissa erikoissairaanhoidon uudistamiseen. Ristiriitaiset näkemykset managerialismin soveltuvuudesta julkisen erikoissairaanhoidon uudistamiseen olivat yhteydessä asemaan organisaatiossa ja johdon koulutustaustoihin. Tutkimustietoa voidaan hyödyntää sairaanhoitopiirien poliittisessa päätöksenteossa ja sisäisessä kehittämisessä erikoissairaanhoidon johtamisen ja palvelurakenteiden uudistamisessa sekä terveydenhuollon johdon moniammatillisessa johtamiskoulutuksessa. Tutkimustieto antaa suomalaiselle julkiselle erikoissairaanhoidolle uuden julkisen johtamisen mallin. / Sammandrag Studiens syfte var att utvärdera tillämpning och lämplighet av managerialism i reformering av organisering av ledning och verksamhet inom offentlig specialsjukvård i Finland. Med managerialism menades reformering av offentlig förvaltning med hjälp av modeller och tillvägagångssätt som härstammar från den privata sektorn. I studien användes både kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskning. Forskningsmaterialet omfattade verksamhetsberättelser (n = 59) från fyra universitetssjukhusdistrikt, ledningsinstruktioner och förvaltningsregler (n = 42) från 1991–2005 samt en skriftlig enkät (n = 157). Innehållsanalys och statistisk analys användes som analysmetoder. Managerialism definierades som ideologi, reform samt ändring av ledningsparadigm. Som ideologi betonade managerialismen god, professionell ledning, som man når genom att studera, samt ledarens rätt att leda. Som reform omfattade managerialism decentralisering, resultatorientering samt marknadsorientering när det gäller strukturella reformer av offentliga organisationer. Som ändring av ledningsparadigm betydde managerialism brytning av byråkrati och professionell ledning. Enligt kvalitativ utvärdering hade drag som påminner om managerialism tillämpats i varierande utsträckning mellan 1991 och 2005 i reformering av organisering av ledning och verksamhet inom sjukvårdsdistrikten. Reformering enligt managerialism manifesterades bäst inom ett sjukvårdsdistrikt; samma resultat nåddes med båda materialgrupper. Enligt kvantitativ utvärdering var ledning inom sjukvårdsdistrikt en blandning av byråkratisk, professionell och managerialistisk ledning. Byråkratisk ledning kom till uttryck i sjukvårdsdistrikten som klassiska byråkratiska drag. Professionell ledning stöddes fortfarande med kravet att personer i ledande ställning inom sjukvårdsenheter måste ha läkarutbildning. Av olika managerialistiska ledningsdrag manifesterades människocentrerad och resultatorienterad ledning samt ledningens förutsättningar i sjukvårdsdistrikten. Enligt forskningsresultateten godkändes managerialismens ideologiska drag som ledningsprinciper att styra reformering av offentlig specialsjukvård, medan attityderna var mer negativa gentemot reformistiska drag som förnyare av servicestrukturer. Den högsta sjukvårdsdistriktledningens och resultatenhetsledningens uppfattningar skiljde sig från varandra när det gäller utvärdering av hur väl managerialismens drag som betonar effektivitet samt en marknadsorienterad operationssätt lämpar sig för reformering av specialsjukvård. Motstridiga uppfattningar om managerialismens lämplighet för reformering av offentlig specialsjukvård var förknippade med position inom organisationen samt ledningens utbildningsbakgrund. Forskningens resultat kan tillämpas i politisk beslutsfattning inom sjukvårdsdistrikt, intern utveckling och reformering av ledning och servicestrukturer inom specialsjukvården samt inom multiprofessionell ledningsutbildning avsedd för personer i ledande ställning inom hälsovården. Studien erbjuder en ny offentlig ledningsmodell för offentlig specialsjukvård i Finland.

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