S'appuyant sur les résultats de trois ans d'enquête de type ethnographique par observation-participante (Lapassade,2006; Plane 2014) auprès des Intermittents du travail- anciens actifs qualifiés qui ont opéré une rupture radicale et volontaire avec un ancien mode de vie confortable, principalement centré sur le travail pour un mode de vie d'apparence plus précaire où la quête d'une meilleure qualité de vie prime sur celle d'un travail rémunérateur et expressif-, cette recherche propose de comprendre ce qui a été rejeté dans le travail et au profit de quoi.L'approche de la psychosociologie du travail et la pratique clinique qui l'accompagne (Lhuilier et al., 2013) nous ont permis d'interpréter les données sous l'angle dialectique d'une transition professionnelle comme acte de résistance autant que de création. Ont ainsi été mis en lumière plusieurs mécanismes potentiellement nocifs dans le travail aujourd'hui, comme l'entretien d'une culture du "stimulacre" (Bouilloud, 2012) autour d'un travail rêvé épanouissant et au réel fondamentalement décevant et, d'autres, plus vitalistes, comme l'expérience d'un travail autrement par un retour à l'"artisanat" au sens large (Sennett,2010) - celui du "beau travail" qui entretient autant le corps que l'esprit -, la débrouille, la polyactivité, l'interconstruction des milieux de vie, entre autres.Cette thèse propose aussi une réflexion sur le travail de terrain du chercheur, ses dilemmes et ses enjeux / Based on the results of a 3-year field study among a population of occasional French workers named after the researcher "Intermittents du travail", this research aims at understanding what is expected from today's work and what is rejected in the way executives experience it. After achieving brillant studies and a successful career start as executives in a big company, the "Intermittents du travail" left everything to come and live on the French West Coast,attempting to design a new way of working which would grant less space to work and more space to private activities. We choose the theoretical framework of the French psychosociology of work and the clinical practical approach that underlies it (Lhuilier et al.,2013) to interpret the data. By conceiving work transitions as an intricacy between resistance and creation processes, both at micro-and macro-social levels, this approach enables us to unveil some mecanisms potentially harmful in today's work that would make top-level workers deeply unsatisfied about the true nature of a work they had dreamt of and idealized during so many years before.Furthermore, the analysis of the transition's aftermaths reveals the critical aspects of what a "good job" should consist in as appositive to the "bullshit job" (Graeber,2013)these people experienced previously: the importance of working as a craftsman in every situation- which means to be concerned by the beauty and the quality of work, both using the head and the hands (Sennette,2010)-, the art of unravelling, the capacity of balancing work activities with leisure ones and,among others

Le premier conflit mondial qui met fin à l’après-midi doré de l’époque édouardienne signe l’entrée du Royaume-Uni dans le XXe siècle politique et esthétique. La place unique qu’occupe la Grande Guerre dans l’imaginaire collectif britannique participe de l’engouement populaire que suscite encore aujourd’hui la war poetry, devenue un véritable « lieu de mémoire » textuel. Son importance dans le paysage culturel britannique paraît dès lors démesurée par rapport à la place qu’elle occupe dans le canon poétique du XXe siècle. À la fois conservatrice et innovante, respectueuse des formes mais sujette à l’expérimentation, l’œuvre des war poets, souvent confondue avec celle des Georgian poets, se range du côté des modernes plutôt que des modernistes. Poésie de circonstance définie par le moment et le lieu d’écriture, elle est jugée à l’aune de la problématique moderne de l’œuvre « impure », poésie tournée vers la révélation de l’événement plutôt que vers l’acte de création. C’est cette tension entre l’appel du monde et l’appel du texte qui fonde la définition générique, esthétique et éthique de la war poetry. Son intérêt critique réside dans sa double finalité, son hybridité tonale, générique et formelle, sa nature composite et polymorphe qui l’inscrivent de plain-pied dans le registre de la dissonance, propre à la poésie moderne. / By putting an end to the golden Edwardian afternoon, the First World War propelled Britain into the political and aesthetic twentieth century. Owing to the unique place occupied by the Great War in the collective British mind, war poetry represents today a highly popular textual “realm of memory”. However, its relevance in Britain’s cultural landscape does not correspond to its status within the poetic canon of the twentieth century. Both conservative and innovative, intent on codified forms yet experimental in nature, often confused with Georgian Poetry, war poetry leans towards the modern rather than the modernist definition of poetry. As a form of occasional writing, determined by the place and time from which it sprung, war poetry is judged according to the modern standards of “impure poetry”, more focused on the revelation of the event than on the act of creation itself. It is the contradictory claims of world and text that found the generic, aesthetic and ethical definition of war poetry. Its critical interest resides in its dual purpose, its tonal, generic and formal hybridity, its complex and changing nature, which firmly inscribe it within the modern poetics.

One spring afternoon in 1631, the Norwich Society of Florists held a feast to celebrate and display its exquisite flowers. The celebration included an entertainment written just for the occasion—Ralph Knevet's quirky play about a war among flowers. Early modern florists were not the sort of people who sold cut flowers in shops; rather, they were experts in floriculture who applied this knowledge to cultivate new flowers. Norwich was already renowned for its gardens, but flowers soon became even more significant. Rhodon and Iris was performed just before tulipomania, a frenzy of tulip cultivation lasting from c.1634 – 1637. During this period, florists grew elaborate multi-coloured flower bulbs that sold for extremely high prices. In other words, the florists' feast and Knevet's play emerged when flowers were important to the economy and identity of Norwich. My thesis presents an open-access, digital critical edition of Rhodon and Iris encoded in TEI-P5. This edition offers an old-spelling transcription of the 1631 playbook, a modernized text with annotations, and a critical introduction. Responding to the need for more editions of non-canonical early modern plays, my research widens the otherwise Shakespeare-centric canon and helps make more early modern drama accessible to student readers. Rhodon and Iris also merits critical attention on its own grounds: an example of Caroline occasional drama, the play experiments with convention and offers a rare glimpse into the Society of Florists. My thesis approaches the play with special interest in editorial praxis, ecotheory, and the history of floriculture. The florists' feast delighted audiences and participated in a tradition of floral celebrations—one reaching, at least, from the ancient Roman ludi Florales to the modern Netflix series The Big Flower Fight. / Graduate / 2021-06-26

[pt] Nos últimos anos o comércio eletrônico tem se difundido na sociedade e a logística de entrega dos produtos é um dos pilares para que este mercado mantenha o nível de serviço alto e continue sendo vantajoso para o consumidor decidir por realizar a compra pela internet. O presente trabalho se destina a estudar sobre o problema de roteamento de veículos de entrega last-mile para e-commerce e aplicar a metaheurística Iterated Local Search (ILS) visando otimizar o roteamento do trecho last-mile de encomendas realizadas em uma empresa de comércio eletrônico brasileira. Com o objetivo de encontrar rotas de menor custo para as entregas a serem realizadas, este trabalho propõe uma extensão para o Vehcile Routing Problem With Occasional Drivers (VRPOD),considerando frota heterogênea e motoristas ocasionais realizando o transporte de mais de uma entrega. Para a aplicação do método foram utilizados dados fornecidos por uma empresa de e-commerce que foram devidamente anonimizados de forma a não ser possível identificar a empresa e nem os clientes, respeitando os princípios éticos. Foram utilizadas 121 instâncias, sendo a menor com um vértice e a maior com 344. Os resultados do modelo proposto são apresentados em dois cenários, primeiramente considerando que o roteamento é realizado sem a utilização de motoristas ocasionais. O segundo cenário considera a disponibilização de motoristas ocasionais para serem utilizados em algumas rotas. Ambos os cenários foram comparados com as rotas geradas pelo roteador existente hoje na companhia e os resultados preliminares indicam que o sem a utilização de motoristas ocasionais o ILS proposto obtém melhores soluções em 53.72 por cento das instâncias e quando os motoristas ocasionais são incorporados a rota ocorre melhoria em 76.03 por cento das instâncias utilizadas. A utilização de motoristas ocasionais também proporciona uma redução de 10.30 por cento no custo médio de roteamento. / [en] In recent years, e-commerce has become widespread in society, and the logistics of product delivery is a crucial pillar for this market to maintain a high level of service and remain advantageous for consumers choosing to make purchases online. The present work aims to study the problem of last-mile vehicle routing for e-commerce deliveries and apply an Iterated Local Search (ILS) metaheuristic to optimize the routing of parcels in a Brazilian e-commerce company. With the objective of finding routes with the lowest cost for the deliveries, this study proposes an extension to the Vehicle Routing Problem with Occasional Drivers (VRPOD), considering a heterogeneous fleet and occasional drivers handling multiple deliveries. For the methodology application, data provided by an e-commerce company are used, and they are properly anonymized to prevent the identification of the company and its clients, respecting ethical principles. A total of 121 instances are used, ranging from the smallest with one vertex to the largest with 344. The results of the proposed model are presented in two scenarios: firstly, considering routing without the use of occasional drivers, and secondly, considering the availability of occasional drivers for some routes. Both scenarios are compared with the routes generated by the current router used in the company, and preliminary results indicate that without the use of occasional drivers, the proposed ILS obtains better solutions in 53.72 percent of the instances, and when occasional drivers are incorporated into the route, improvements occur in 76.03 percent of the instances. The utilization of occasional drivers also provides a 10.30 percent reduction in the average routing cost.