Acute sleep loss may lead to elevated fatigue, decreased energy, and diminished cognitive performance. Traditionally, sleep extension is used to restore mood and cognitive function to baseline levels following insufficient sleep, yet this method may not be feasible or preferred. Acute exercise may serve as an affordable and relatively safe intervention to reduce detriments to daytime functioning following sleep loss. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on neurocognitive function following acute sleep restriction. A secondary aim was to examine the effects of exercise in subjective reports of fatigue, energy, and sleepiness following acute sleep restriction. Fifty-six participants, matched by sex, age, and chronotype, were randomly assigned to either an exercise (EX) or seated control (SC) condition. Following a 4-hour sleep restriction protocol, participants completed the oddball paradigm before and after 20 minutes of exercise or stationary sitting. P3 amplitude and latency, arousal, sleepiness, energy, and fatigue were assessed during the experiment. After controlling for pre-test differences, P3 latency was significantly faster following exercise relative to the control group. No significant P3 amplitude differences were observed between conditions. The EX group displayed significant improvements in arousal, sleepiness, energy, and fatigue compared to the SC group. Findings suggest that 20 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise following acute sleep restriction may improve cognitive processing speeds, as well as improve arousal, sleepiness, energy, and fatigue.

No description available.

Mnoho rozdílných strategií fúze bylo vyvinuto během posledních 15 let výzkumu simultánního EEG-fMRI. Aktuální dizertační práce shrnuje aktuální současný stav v oblasti výzkumu fúze simultánních EEG-fMRI dat a pokládá si za cíl vylepšit vizualizaci úkolem evokovaných mozkových sítí slepou analýzou přímo z nasnímaných dat. Dva rozdílné modely, které by to měly vylepšit, byly navrhnuty v předložené práci (tj. zobecněný spektrální heuristický model a zobecněný prostorovo-frekvenční heuristický model). Zobecněný frekvenční heuristický model využívá fluktuace relativního EEG výkonu v určitých frekvenčních pásmech zprůměrovaných přes elektrody zájmu a srovnává je se zpožděnými fluktuacemi BOLD signálů pomocí obecného lineárního modelu. Získané výsledky ukazují, že model zobrazuje několik na frekvenci závislých rozdílných úkolem evokovaných EEG-fMRI sítí. Model překonává přístup fluktuací absolutního EEG výkonu i klasický (povodní) heuristický přístup. Absolutní výkon vizualizoval s úkolem nesouvisející širokospektrální EEG-fMRI komponentu a klasický heuristický přístup nebyl senzitivní k vizualizaci s úkolem spřažené vizuální sítě, která byla pozorována pro relativní pásmo pro data vizuálního oddball experimentu. Pro EEG-fMRI data s úkolem sémantického rozhodování, frekvenční závislost nebyla ve finálních výsledcích tak evidentní, neboť všechna pásma zobrazily vizuální síť a nezobrazily aktivace v řečových centrech. Tyto výsledky byly pravděpodobně poškozeny artefaktem mrkání v EEG datech. Koeficienty vzájemné informace mezi rozdílnými EEG-fMRI statistickými parametrickými mapami ukázaly, že podobnosti napříč různými frekvenčními pásmy jsou obdobné napříč různými úkoly (tj. vizuální oddball a sémantické rozhodování). Navíc, koeficienty prokázaly, že průměrování napříč různými elektrodami zájmu nepřináší žádnou novou informaci do společné analýzy, tj. signál na jednom svodu je velmi rozmazaný signál z celého skalpu. Z těchto důvodů začalo být třeba lépe zakomponovat informace ze svodů do EEG-fMRI analýzy, a proto jsme navrhli více obecný prostorovo-frekvenční heuristický model a také jak ho odhadnout za pomoci prostorovo-frekvenční skupinové analýzy nezávislých komponent relativního výkonu EEG spektra. Získané výsledky ukazují, že prostorovo-frekvenční heuristický model vizualizuje statisticky nejvíce signifikantní s úkolem spřažené mozkové sítě (srovnáno s výsledky prostorovo-frekvenčních vzorů absolutního výkonu a s výsledky zobecněného frekvenčního heuristického modelu). Prostorovo-frekvenční heuristický model byl jediný, který zaznamenal s úkolem spřažené aktivace v řečových centrech na datech sémantického rozhodování. Mimo fúzi prostorovo-frekvenčních vzorů s fMRI daty, jsme testovali stabilitu odhadů prostorovo-frekvenčních vzorů napříč různými paradigmaty (tj. vizuální oddball, semantické rozhodování a resting-state) za pomoci k-means shlukovacího algoritmu. Dostali jsme 14 stabilních vzorů pro absolutní EEG výkon a 12 stabilních vzorů pro relativní EEG výkon. Ačkoliv 10 z těchto vzorů vypadají podobně napříč výkonovými typy, prostorovo-frekvenční vzory relativního výkonu (tj. vzory prostorovo-frekvenčního heuristického modelu) mají vyšší evidenci k úkolům.

Electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance are two different methods for measuring of neural activity. EEG signals have excellent time resolution, fMRI scans capture records of brain activity in excellent spatial resolution. It is assumed that the joint analysis can take advantage of both methods simultaneously. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) is freely available software which serves to automatic analysis of fMRI data estimated with general linear model. It is not possible to estimate automatic EEG–fMRI analysis with it. Therefore software EEG Regressor Builder was created during master thesis. It preprocesses EEG signals into EEG regressors which are loaded with program SPM8 where joint EEG–fMRI analysis is estimated in general linear model. EEG regressors consist of vectors of temporal changes in absolute or relative power values of EEG signal in the specified frequency bands from selected electrodes due to periods of fMRI acquisition of individual images. The software is tested on the simultaneous EEG-fMRI data of a visual oddball experiment. EEG regressors are calculated for temporal changes in absolute and relative EEG power values in three frequency bands of interest ( 8-12Hz, 12-20Hz a 20-30Hz) from the occipital electrodes (O1, O2 and Oz). Three types of test analyzes is performed. Data from three individuals is examined in the first. Accuracy of results is evaluated due to the possibilities of setting of calculation method of regressor. Group analysis of data from twenty-two healthy patients is performed in the second. Group EEG regressors analysis is realized in the third through the correlation matrix due to the specified type of power and frequency band outside of the general linear model.

Les tics affectent 1% des individus et sont associés avec une diminution de la qualité de vie. L’importante hétérogénéité phénoménologique retrouvée chez ceux-ci représente un obstacle majeur pour l’évaluation et le traitement de ces symptômes, et explique potentiellement la présence de données neurobiologiques contradictoires. Certaines variables rarement contrôlées, comme la complexité des tics et la demande motrice des tâches pourraient expliquer l’hétérogénéité de ces résultats. Une meilleure compréhension des processus cognitifs affectés pourrait être atteinte par l’étude de la chronométrie des événements cérébraux. Ainsi, notre objectif était d’évaluer l’impact de la complexité des tics et du type de réponse sur les potentiels électrocorticaux liés à l’inhibition, à l’attention et à la mémoire de patients tics. Nous avons comparé 12 patients présentant des tics simples avec 12 patients atteints de tics complexes, qui furent appariés à 15 participants contrôles sains. Deux tâches oddball furent accomplies, dont l’une exigeait une réponse motrice et l’autre une réponse non-motrice (compter le nombre de stimuli). Durant ces tâches, nous avons enregistré des composantes électrocorticales indexant des processus d’attention (P200), d’inhibition (N200) et de mémoire (P300). Pour la tâche non-motrice, nos résultats révélèrent une N200 plus ample chez les deux groupes de patients tics et une P300 réduite seulement chez ceux avec des tics simples. Quant à la tâche motrice, les deux groupes de patients tics présentaient une P300 réduite. Selon nos résultats, la complexité des tics et la demande motrice des tâches peuvent affecter les mécanismes neuronaux sous-tendant les différentes étapes du traitement de l’information. / Tic disorders affect up to 1% of individuals worldwide and are associated with social stigma. A major obstacle to these disorders’ evaluation and treatment is the large heterogeneity of phenotypes, which could explain the important number of conflicting neurobiological data. Certain variables, like tic complexity and tasks’ cognitive demand, could explain these heterogeneous results. We propose that a better understanding of cognitive impairments often seen in tic disorders could be obtained by studying the chronometry of electrocortical activity underlying inhibition, attention, memory and motor processes. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of tic complexity as well as task response demand on tic patients’ electrocortical profiles. Thus, we compared 12 patients exhibiting simple tics to 12 patients showing complex tics, and matched them to 15 healthy control participants. All participants performed two Oddball tasks in which one required a motor response (button press) and the other a non-motor response (counting). During both tasks, electrophysiological components were recorded, serving as indices of processes underlying attention (P200), inhibition (N200) and memory (P300). Our results revealed that for the non-motor task, both groups of tics patients had an enhanced N200, while only those with simple tics showed a reduced P300. For the motor task, both groups of tics patients exhibited a decreased P300. According to our results, both tic complexity and motor demand can affect neural mechanisms of the processing stream. Conflicting results found in previous studies might have been confounded by tic complexity as well as task motor requirements.

Our vision is as yet unsurpassed by machines because of the sophisticated representations of objects in our brains. This representation is vastly different from a pixel-based representation used in machine storages. It is this sophisticated representation that enables us to perceive two faces as very different, i.e, they are far apart in the “perceptual space”, even though they are close to each other in their pixel-based representations. Neuroscientists have proposed distances between responses of neurons to the images (as measured in macaque monkeys) as a quantification of the “perceptual distance” between the images. Let us call these neuronal dissimilarity indices of perceptual distances. They have also proposed behavioural experiments to quantify these perceptual distances. Human subjects are asked to identify, as quickly as possible, an oddball image embedded among multiple distractor images. The reciprocal of the search times for identifying the oddball is taken as a measure of perceptual distance between the oddball and the distractor. Let us call such estimates as behavioural dissimilarity indices. In this thesis, we describe a decision-theoretic model for visual search that suggests a connection between these two notions of perceptual distances. In the first part of the thesis, we model visual search as an active sequential hypothesis testing problem. Our analysis suggests an appropriate neuronal dissimilarity index which correlates strongly with the reciprocal of search times. We also consider a number of alternative possibilities such as relative entropy (Kullback-Leibler divergence), the Chernoff entropy and the L1-distance associated with the neuronal firing rate profiles. We then come up with a means to rank the various neuronal dissimilarity indices based on how well they explain the behavioural observations. Our proposed dissimilarity index does better than the other three, followed by relative entropy, then Chernoff entropy and then L1 distance. In the second part of the thesis, we consider a scenario where the subject has to find an oddball image, but without any prior knowledge of the oddball and distractor images. Equivalently, in the neuronal space, the task for the decision maker is to find the image that elicits firing rates different from the others. Here, the decision maker has to “learn” the underlying statistics and then make a decision on the oddball. We model this scenario as one of detecting an odd Poisson point process having a rate different from the common rate of the others. The revised model suggests a new neuronal dissimilarity index. The new dissimilarity index is also strongly correlated with the behavioural data. However, the new dissimilarity index performs worse than the dissimilarity index proposed in the first part on existing behavioural data. The degradation in performance may be attributed to the experimental setup used for the current behavioural tasks, where search tasks associated with a given image pair were sequenced one after another, thereby possibly cueing the subject about the upcoming image pair, and thus violating the assumption of this part on the lack of prior knowledge of the image pairs to the decision maker. In conclusion, the thesis provides a framework for connecting the perceptual distances in the neuronal and the behavioural spaces. Our framework can possibly be used to analyze the connection between the neuronal space and the behavioural space for various other behavioural tasks.

En raison de sa localisation en profondeur du cerveau, le rôle de l’insula dans le traitement de l’information est longtemps resté énigmatique. Or, l’avènement des techniques de stimulation électro-corticale et de neuroimagerie a permis de mettre en exergue son implication dans divers aspects du fonctionnement neuropsychologique. De plus en plus d’études suggèrent que le cortex insulaire joue un rôle clé dans le traitement des caractéristiques physiques des stimuli sensoriels, ainsi que dans le traitement de la saillance des informations. Les théories contemporaines avancent ainsi que l’insula serait une région cruciale dans le « réseau de saillance » et serait impliquée dans les processus sensoriels, émotionnels et attentionnels. Toutefois, la nature exacte de sa contribution demeure inconnue, notamment en raison des limitations intrinsèques des techniques d’investigation traditionnelles, ainsi que de la faible prévalence des lésions circonscrites à l’insula, d’autant que l’évidence clinique ne fait pas l’unanimité. En outre, les résections insulaires sont de plus en plus fréquentes chez les patients atteints d’épilepsie insulaire pharmaco-résistante. Cependant, les altérations neuropsychologiques d’une telle intervention restent mal connues. Ainsi, les études qui composent cette thèse visent à mieux comprendre la façon dont l’insula participe au traitement de l’information et les conséquences neuropsychologiques des résections insulaires sur les processus sensoriels, émotionnels et attentionnels. Les deux premières études de cette thèse documentent les contributions respectives des portions antérieure et postérieure de l’insula au traitement attentionnel pour l’information sensorielle. Les réponses de l’insula lors de l’exécution de tâches attentionnelles de type oddball visuel et auditif sont enregistrées au moyen de l’EEG intracrânienne auprès de patients atteints d’épilepsie dont des électrodes ont été implantées dans l’insula dans le cadre d’une évaluation préchirurgicale pour une épilepsie résistante à la médication. Les résultats suggèrent que l’insula antérieure participe au déploiement attentionnel volontaire aux alentours de 300-500 ms à la suite de la présentation de stimuli pertinents à la tâche en modalité visuelle et auditive, alors que la portion postérieure, quant à elle, est impliquée dans le traitement attentionnel automatique survenant de manière précoce, autour de 100 ms suivant la présentation d’informations auditives, indépendamment de la pertinence du stimulus. Les deux études suivantes qui composent cette thèse examinent les conséquences neuropsychologiques d’une résection au cortex insulaire sur le traitement sensoriel et affectivo-attentionnel, chez des patients épileptiques réfractaires à la médication qui ont subi une résection unilatérale de cette région. Leurs performances dans une tâche Dot-Probe révisée et dans un test de Stroop émotionnel, ainsi que leurs réponses à un questionnaire mesurant des patterns comportementaux sensoriels, sont comparées à celles d’un groupe de patients ayant subi une chirurgie d’épilepsie temporale et d’un groupe d’individus contrôles en santé. Les résultats mettent en évidence des altérations sensorielles et du contrôle des interférences émotionnelles à la suite d’une chirurgie d’épilepsie insulaire. En somme, les données de cette thèse contribuent à une meilleure compréhension du rôle spécifique de l’insula au traitement de l’information sensorielle, saillante, émotionnelle et attentionnelle, au moyen de mesures neurophysiologiques et comportementales. Elles fournissent également un appui quant à la pertinence de développer des outils standardisés en évaluation neuropsychologique afin de mieux identifier les perturbations fonctionnelles associées à une épilepsie ou une chirurgie d’épilepsie insulaire. / The role of the insular cortex in information processing has long been considered enigmatic, partly due to its deep location in the brain. However, the advent of direct electrocortical stimulation and neuroimaging approaches have shed light on its involvement in multiple of neuropsychological functions. An increasing number of studies suggest that the insular cortex plays a crucial role in processing the physical characteristics of sensory stimuli, as well as in the processing of salient information. Current theories argue that the insula would be a critical structure in the “salience network” and involved in sensory, emotional and attentional processes. However, the specific contribution of the insular cortex remains unknown, notably due to the intrinsic limitations of conventional approaches and the very low prevalence of lesions restricted to the insula, especially as little clinical evidence support these findings. Furthermore, although insular resections are becoming more frequent, the neuropsychological effects of this surgery remain unclear. Thus, the studies that make up this thesis aim to improve our understanding of the role played by the insula in the salient information processing and the neuropsychological consequences of the insular resections on sensory, emotional and attentional functions. The first two studies of this thesis assess the respective contributions of the anterior and posterior insular portions in attentional processing towards salient and relevant sensory information. The insular responses during visual and auditory oddball attentional tasks are recorded by means of intracranial EEG (iEEG) in epileptic patients undergoing invasive iEEG, with electrode contacts implanted in the insula as part of a pre-surgical evaluation of their drug-resistant seizures. The results suggest that the anterior insula participates in voluntary attentional processing around 300-500 ms following the presentation of task-relevant stimuli in both visual and auditory modality, whereas the posterior portion is involved in automatic processing occurring about 100 ms after auditory stimuli presentation, independent of task-relevant information. The next two studies examine the neuropsychological consequences of insular cortex resections on the sensory and affectivo-attentional processes, in drug-refractory epileptic patients who have undergone unilateral resection of this structure. Their performance in a revised Dot-Probe task and an emotional Stroop test, as well as their responses in a questionnaire assessing sensory behavioral patterns, were compared to a group of patients who had surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy and a group of healthy control. The results highlight alterations in sensory processing and emotional interference control following insular epilepsy surgery. In sum, the neurophysiological and behavioral data in this thesis contribute to a better understanding of the specific role of the insula in the processing of sensory, salient, emotional and attentional information. Moreover, these findings highlight the need to further develop neuropsychological tests in order to better identify functional disturbances associated with insular epilepsy and insular resection surgery.

This master´s thesis deals with processing and analysis of data, acquired from experimental examination performed with functional magnetic resonance imaging technique. It is an oddball type experimental task and its goal is an examination of cognitive functions of the subject. The principles of functional magnetic resonance imaging, possibilities of experimental design, processing of acquired data, modeling of a response of organism and statistical analysis are described in this work. Furthermore, particular parts of preprocessing and analysis are carried out using real data set from experiment. The main goal of this work is suggestion and realization of model, which enables advanced categorization of stimuli, considering the type of previous rare stimulus and the number of frequent stimuli within them. With its in-depth categorization, this model enables detail exploration of cerebral processes, associated mainly with attention, memory, expectancy or cognitive closure. The second point of that work is an evaluation of models of hemodynamic response, which are applied in statistical analysis of data from fMRI experiment. Comparison of basis functions, the models of hemodynamic response to experimental stimulation used for general linear model, is performed in this work. The result of this comparison is an evaluation of detection efficiency of activated voxels, false positivity rate and computational and user difficulty.

<div>The visual system is responsible for processing visual input, inferring its environmental causes, and assessing its behavioral significance that eventually relates to visual perception and guides animal behavior. There is emerging evidence that visual perception does not simply mirror the outside world but is heavily influenced by contextual information. Specifically, context might refer to the sensory, cognitive, and/or behavioral cues that help to assess the behavioral relevance of image features. One of the most famous examples of such behavior is visual or optical illusions. These illusions contain sensory cues that induce a subjective percept that is not aligned with the physical nature of the stimulation, which, in turn, suggests that a visual system is not a passive filter of the outside world but rather an active inference machine.</div><div>Such robust behavior of the visual system is achieved through intricate neural computations spanning several brain regions that allow dynamic visual processing. Despite the numerous attempts to gain insight into those computations, it has been challenging to decipher the circuit-level implementation of contextual processing due to technological limitations. These questions are of great importance not only for basic research purposes but also for gaining deeper insight into neurodevelopmental disorders that are characterized by altered sensory experiences. Recent advances in genetic engineering and neurotechnology made the mouse an attractive model to study the visual system and enabled other researchers and us to gain unprecedented cellular and circuit-level insights into neural mechanisms underlying contextual processing.</div><div>We first investigated how familiarity modifies the neural representation of stimuli in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Using silicon probe recordings and pupillometry, we probed neural activity in naive mice and after animals were exposed to the same stimulus over the course of several days. We have discovered that familiar stimuli evoke low-frequency oscillations in V1. Importantly, those oscillations were specific to the spatial frequency content of the familiar stimulus. To further validate our findings, we investigated how this novel form of visual learning is represented in serotonin-transporter (SERT) deficient mice. These transgenic animals have been previously found to have various neurophysiological alterations. We found that SERT-deficient animals showed longer oscillatory spiking activity and impaired cortical tuning after visual learning. Taken together, we discovered a novel phenomenon of familiarity-evoked oscillations in V1 and utilized it to reveal altered perceptual learning in SERT-deficient mice.</div><div>16</div><div>Next, we investigated how spatial context influences sensory processing. Visual illusions provide a great opportunity to investigate spatial contextual modulation in early visual areas. Leveraging behavioral training, high-density silicon probe recordings, and optogenetics, we provided evidence for an interplay of feedforward and feedback pathways during illusory processing in V1. We first designed an operant behavioral task to investigate illusory perception in mice. Kanizsa illusory contours paradigm was then adapted from primate studies to mouse V1 to elucidate neural correlates of illusory responses in V1. These experiments provided behavioral and neurophysiological evidence for illusory perception in mice. Using optogenetics, we then showed that suppression of the lateromedial area inhibits illusory responses in mouse V1. Taken together, we demonstrated illusory responses in mice and their dependence on the top-down feedback from higher-order visual areas.</div><div>Finally, we investigated how temporal context modulates neural responses by combining silicon probe recordings and a novel visual oddball paradigm that utilizes spatial frequency filtered stimuli. Our work extended prior oddball studies by investigating how adaptation and novelty processing depends on the tuning properties of neurons and their laminar position. Furthermore, given that reduced adaptation and sensory hypersensitivity are one of the hallmarks of altered sensory experiences in autism, we investigated the effects of temporal context on visual processing in V1 of a mouse model of fragile X syndrome (FX), a leading monogenetic cause of autism. We first showed that adaptation was modulated by tuning properties of neurons in both genotypes, however, it was more confined to neurons preferring the adapted feature in FX mice. Oddball responses, on the other hand, were modulated by the laminar position of the neurons in WT with the strongest novelty responses in superficial layers, however, they were uniformly distributed across the cortical column in FX animals. Lastly, we observed differential processing of omission responses in FX vs. WT mice. Overall, our findings suggest that reduced adaptation and increased oddball processing might contribute to altered perceptual experiences in FX and autism.</div>

Le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette (SGT), le trouble obsessionnel compulsif (TOC) et les comportements répétitifs centrés sur le corps (CRCC) sont trois troubles qui présentent de nombreuses similarités, autant d’ordre phénoménologique que neuroanatomique et fonctionnel. Toutefois, malgré une recension des écrits pointant vers un possible spectre incluant ces trois troubles, les études qui ont contrasté ceux-ci se font peu nombreuses. Étudier les processus cognitifs affectés dans chacune de ces conditions cliniques permettrait alors d’offrir une meilleure compréhension des différences et des similarités entre celles-ci. D’ailleurs, l’utilisation des potentiels évoqués comme technique d’imagerie cérébrale offre l’avantage de mesurer l’activité cérébrale avec une excellente résolution temporelle. Les composantes de potentiels évoqués permettent alors de refléter certains processus cognitifs, notamment les processus attentionnels et mnésiques, qui sont connus comme étant potentiellement affectés dans ces trois troubles. Notre objectif était donc de comparer l’amplitude de trois composantes (P200, N200 et P300) entre des groupes de participants atteints du SGT (n=24), du TOC (n=18) et des CRCC (n=16), qui ont tous été appariés à un groupe contrôle (n=59) dans une tâche de oddball visuelle cognitive. Nos résultats n’ont d’abord montré aucune différence intergroupe pour la P200 et la N200 lorsqu’on contrôle pour les symptômes anxio-dépressifs, ce qui laisse présager que les processus cognitifs reflétés par ces composantes sont intacts dans ces populations cliniques. En ce qui a trait à la composante P300, nos résultats ont montré une diminution de l’effet oddball P300 pour les groupes SGT et TOC comparativement au groupe contrôle, alors qu’un effet oddball intact a été observé pour le groupe CRCC. Les analyses de localisation de sources ont révélé des activations dans le gyrus lingual et le gyrus occipital moyen pour le groupe TOC, ce qui le distingue des deux autres groupes cliniques et du groupe contrôle. En effet, ceux-ci ont plutôt montré des activations dans le cortex cingulaire pour la génération de cet effet oddball. Ainsi, il semblerait que les groupes SGT et TOC présentent des déficits dans la mémoire de travail, tels que dégagés par les altérations de la composante P300, mais que des régions cérébrales différentes soient impliquées dans la génération de ces activations anormales. / Tourette Syndrome (TS), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRB) are three disorders that share many similarities in terms of phenomenology, neuroanatomy and functionality. However, despite a literature review pointing towards a possible spectrum including these three disorders, only a few studies compared them in the same context. Studying the cognitive processes affected by these clinical conditions would provide a better understanding of their differences and similarities. Moreover, using EventRelated Potentials (ERP) as a brain imaging technique offers the advantage of measuring brain activity with excellent temporal resolution. The ERP components can then reflect specific cognitive processes, notably attentional and memory processes, which are known to be potentially affected in these three disorders. Our aim was, therefore, to compare the amplitude of three ERP components (P200, N200, and P300) across groups of participants with TS (n=24), OCD (n=18), and BFRB (n=16), all of whom were matched to a control group (n=59), in a cognitive visual oddball task. Our results initially showed no group differences for the P200 and N200 when controlling for anxiety and depressive symptoms, suggesting that the cognitive processes reflected by these components are intact in these clinical populations. Concerning the P300 component, our results showed a decrease in the P300 oddball effect for the SGT and OCD groups compared to the control group, whereas an intact oddball effect was observed for the BFRB group. Furthermore, source localization analyses revealed activations in the lingual and middle occipital gyrus for the OCD group, distinguishing it from the other two clinical groups and the control group. Indeed, these groups showed activations in the cingulate cortex to generate this oddball effect. Thus, it seems that the TS and OCD groups show deficits in working memory, as revealed by alterations in the P300 component, but those different brain regions are involved in generating these distinct activations.