Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O Gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) à uma planta bastante apreciada em todo o mundo, nÃo apenas como um condimento, mas tambÃm por suas importantes propriedades medicinais. Os efeitos comportamentais e neuroquÃmicos do Ãleo essencial do gengibre - OEG foram estudados em camundongos tratados diariamente com o Ãleo essencial de gengibre (OEG 25, 50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p. e v.o.). No sÃtimo dia de tratamento foram realizados os testes do labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE), campo aberto (CA), rota rod (RR), esquiva-passiva (EP) e teste dos tremores induzidos por oxotremorina. No oitavo dia do protocolo, os animais que receberam OEG (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) foram sacrificados para o estudo dos efeitos neuroquÃmicos do OEG em hipocampo e corpo estriado. Os efeitos tÃxicos do OEG foram estudados em camundongos (tratados com Ãnica administraÃÃo de OEG 200, 400 e 800 mg/Kg, i.p.) e ratos (nos quais foi induzida lesÃo hepÃtica por CCl4, e tratados com OEG 50, 100 e 200 mg/Kg, i.p. em Ãnica administraÃÃo). Os resultados mostraram que o OEG nÃo possui efeito ansiolÃtico de acordo com o modelo do LCE; no CA, o OEG (50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p.) apresentou efeito sedativo ao reduzir o NC, o NG e NR em 37%, 28% e 75%, respectivamente. Foi observada, tambÃm, a ocorrÃncia de efeito dose-dependente da droga, cujo efeito mÃximo parece ser obtido com a dose de 100 mg/Kg (i.p.). A administraÃÃo oral do OEG tambÃm produziu sedaÃÃo, porÃm o efeito sà foi observado no grupo tratado com a dose maior do Ãleo essencial. No modelo do RR, o OEG nÃo produziu alteraÃÃo significativa na coordenaÃÃo motora dos animais tratados. No modelo da EP, o OEG produziu um dano cognitivo nos animais tratados com a dose de 100 mg/Kg, i.p. e v.o. Mesmo apÃs 24 horas da administraÃÃo da droga, o dano ainda era evidente. Quando associado à escopolamina, o OEG (50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p. e v.o.) potencializou o efeito amnÃsico da droga. O efeito anticolinÃrgico do OEG (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) foi comprovado ao reverter os tremores induzidos por oxotremorina em camundongos. Em relaÃÃo aos efeitos neuroquÃmicos do OEG em corpo estriado, a droga diminuiu a concentraÃÃo de DA, aumentou NE, DOPAC e 5HT em 40%, 22%, 15% e 81%, respectivamente. No hipocampo observou-se que houve uma diminuiÃÃo de DA, DOPAC e um aumento de 5HT em 75%, 64% e 81%, respectivamente. A diminuiÃÃo de DA no corpo estriado explicaria o efeito sedativo da droga, e o conjunto de alteraÃÃes observadas no hipocampo parece contribuir tambÃm para o efeito amÃsico do OEG. O estudo dos efeitos tÃxicos do OEG revelou que a droga à relativamente segura e destituÃda de efeitos tÃxicos significativos nos protocolos utilizados no presente estudo. A administraÃÃo aguda do Ãleo essencial (200, 400 e 800 mg/Kg, i.p.) nÃo produziu outro efeito sobre os animais, a nÃo ser a sedaÃÃo, efeito jà observado com doses menores do Ãleo essencial. A administraÃÃo diÃria do OEG tambÃm nÃo produziu efeitos tÃxicos alÃm de diarrÃia observada nos animais tratados com a droga nas doses de 50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p. e v.o. O OEG (200 mg/Kg, i.p.) mostrou-se efetivo ao reverter a lesÃo hepÃtica induzida por CCl4 em ratos. O tratamento com o Ãleo essencial na dose de 200 mg/Kg, i.p. reduziu em 35% e 23% a atividade das enzimas ALT e AST, respectivamente. O OEG parece exercer a aÃÃo hepatoprotetora ao combater a peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica gerada pelo metabolismo hepÃtico do CCl4 que produz radicais livres, altamente lesivos / Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a plant largely used around the world, not just as a spice, but also for its medicinal properties. The behavioral and neurochemical effects were studied in mice daily administered with the essential oil of Ginger (EOG 25, 50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p. and p.o.). In the 7th day of treatment, it was assessed the elevated-plus maze (EPM), open field (OF) rota rod (RR), passive avoidance (PA) and oxotremorine-induce tremor tests, to evaluate the behavioral effects of the drug. In the 8th day of the protocol, mice that received EOG (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) were killed to study the neurochemical effects of EOG on hipoccampus and striatum. Toxic effects of EOG were studied in mice (that received a single administration of EOG 200, 400 e 800 mg/Kg, i.p.), and rats (with hepatic injury induced by CCl4, and treated with EOG 50, 100 e 200 mg/Kg, i.p. in a single administration). Results showed that OEG does not have anxiolytic effects on EPM test; in OF test, EOG (50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p.) showed a sedative effect, decreasing the number of crossings, grooming and rearing in 37%, 28% and 75%, respectively, with OEG 100 mg/Kg. It was also observed a dose-dependent effect of the drug, which maximum effect observed with 100 mg/Kg (i.p.) of the drug. The oral administration of EOG also induced a sedative effect, occuring only in the group treated with the highest dose of the essential oil. In RR test, EOG did not induce any significant alteration on motor coordination of the animals. In PA test, EOG produced a cognitive impairment in animals treated with EOG100 mg/Kg, i.p. and p.o. Even 24h after the drug administration, the cognitive impairment was still evident. When associated with scopolamine, EOG (50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p. and p.o.) potentiated the amnesic effect of scopolamine. The anticholinergic effect of EOG (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) was proved to reverse the tremors induced by oxotremorine in mice. EOG, in striatum decreased DA and increased the concentrations of DOPAC, NE and 5HT in 40%, 15%, 22% and 81%, respectively. In hippocampus, OEG decreased DA, DOPAC and increased 5HT in 75%, 64% e 81%, respectively. The decrease of DA in striatum justifies the sedative effect of the drug and the aterations observed on hipoccampus seem to contribute to the amnesic effect of EOG. The study of toxic effects of EOG showed that the drug is relatively safe and it does not have any toxic effects, according to the protocols established in the present work. The acute administration of the essential oil (200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg, i.p.) did not induce any other toxic effect besides sedation. The daily administration of EOG did not produce any toxic effect, besides the diarrhea, observed in animals that received EOG 50 and 100 mg/Kg, i.p. and p.o. EOG (200 mg/Kg, i.p.) was effective in reversing the hepatic injury induced by CCl4 in rats. The treatment with the essential oil (200 mg/Kg, i.p.) reduced in 35% and 23% the activity of the enzymes ALT and AST, respectively. EOG seems to exert its hepatoprotective action by decreasing lipid peroxidation generated by the hepatic metabolism of CCl4, wich produces extremely danous free radicals

Master of Science / Department of Clinical Sciences / Gregory F. Grauer / Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in cats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum officinale) supplementation on the progression of feline CKD. Cats with stable IRIS stage II or III CKD and without certain comorbidities were included in the study. Cats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups and administered Chinese rhubarb extract (Group 1, Rubenal®, Vetoquinol, Forth Worth, TX; 75 mg tablet by mouth every 12 h), benazepril as a positive control (Group 2, 0.5 mg/kg by mouth every 24 h), or both (Group 3). Cats were fed a commercial renal specific diet and enteric phosphate binder as appropriate. Body weight, laboratory data, and blood pressure were recorded every 3 months. Variables between groups at enrollment and within groups over visits were compared with ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA, respectively. A treatment by visit interaction term was included in all repeated measures models. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Except for body weight there was no significant differences between treatment groups at enrollment. There was no significant change in body weight, hematocrit (Hct), UPC, serum creatinine, or systemic blood pressure over time as compared to baseline within any group. There was no significant difference between groups over time in regards to change in body weight, Hct, UPC, serum creatinine, or systemic blood pressure. The treatment by time interaction was non-significant in all models. Based on easily measured clinical parameters, this study failed to detect a significant difference in cats administered a Chinese rhubarb supplement, benazepril, or both.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo / Los productos mínimamente procesados en fresco (MPF) están listos para consumir, es por esto que su higienización es la principal etapa, donde el sanitizante más usado es hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO). Este sanitizante podría generar residuos y la posible formación de compuestos cancerígenos, por esto la industria de alimentos MPF está buscando nuevas alternativas más amigables con el medio ambiente y para la salud humana. En este sentido, la sanitización con radiación UV-C es un método que no deja residuos en el alimento, en combinación con el uso de atmósfera modificada, las hortalizas se mantienen con una baja respiración, alargando su vida útil. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la radiación UV-C sobre la tasa respiratoria y la carga microbiana de hojas de berros MPF. Para esto se utilizaron berros hidropónicos tratados con 5 dosis de UV-C de 0,34 a 20,13 kJ m- ² y un tratamiento con hipoclorito de sodio (100 mg L-1 ) como testigo. Todos los tratamientos fueron envasados en atmósfera modificada y almacenados a 5 ºC durante 10 días. Se evaluaron los parámetros de respiración, concentración de gases en las bolsas, color, recuento microbiológico y parámetros sensoriales. Las hojas de berros tratados con 20,13 kJ m-2 de radiación UV-C presentaron la tasa respiratoria más baja que el resto de los tratamientos aplicados, con 23,4 mg CO2 kg-1 h -1 . Sin embargo, esta dosis, no fue efectiva en la reducción de la carga microbiana. Tras 10 días de almacenamiento, los recuentos de aerobios mesófilos más bajos se obtuvieron con dosis de 10,15 y 15,14 kJ m-2 , siendo de 4,3 y 4,5 log UFC g-1 respectivamente, en tanto, que 20,13 kJ m- ², presentó la mayor carga, 7,8 log UFC g-1 . Los tratamientos con UV-C obtuvo resultados de color y análisis sensorial similar al NaClO 100 mg L-1 , por tanto la UV-C surge como una buena alternativa como tratamiento sanitizante en hojas de berros. / The fresh-cut vegetable (MPF) are ready to consume, reason why the sanitization is the main stage, where the most widely used sanitizer is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). This sanitizer could generate waste and the possible formation of carcinogenic compounds, so the food industry is looking for new alternatives MPF friendlier to the environment and to human health. In this sense, the sanitization with UV-C is a method that leaves no residue in the food and, in combination with the use of modified atmosphere, vegetables remain a low breath, extending its life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UV-C radiation on respiration rate and microbial load MPF watercress leaves. This was used for hydroponic watercress treated with 5 doses of UV-C from 0.34 to 20.13 kJ m- ² and a treatment with sodium hypochlorite (100 mg L-1 ) as a control. All treatments were modified atmosphere packaged and stored at 5 ° C for 10 days. Parameters were evaluated breathing, concentration of gases in the bags, color, microbiological counts and sensory parameters. Watercress leaves treated with 20.13 kJ m-2 UV-C had respiratory rate lower than the rest of the treatments applied with 23.4 mg CO2 kg-1 h -1 . However, this dose, was not effective in reducing microbial load. After 10 days of storage, mesophilic aerobic counts were obtained with doses of 10.15 and 15.14 kJ m-2 , with 4.3 and 4.5 log cfu g-1 respectively, and that 20.13 kJ m-² had the highest, 7.8 log cfu g-1 . The treatment with UV-C and scored color NaClO sensory analysis similar to 100 mg L-1 , therefore the UV-C emerges as a good alternative for treatment in watercress leaves sanitizer.

Reproduction de : Thèse d'exercice : Pharmacie : Nantes : 2009. / Bibliogr.

No description available.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. CIPHARMA, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. / Submitted by giuliana silveira (giulianagphoto@gmail.com) on 2016-01-28T17:32:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_AvaliaçãoAtividadeAntiinflamatória.pdf: 1345173 bytes, checksum: 36238855dd90974856f2b7447113f6ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Flávia (flavia@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2016-02-01T15:49:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_AvaliaçãoAtividadeAntiinflamatória.pdf: 1345173 bytes, checksum: 36238855dd90974856f2b7447113f6ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-02T12:57:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_AvaliaçãoAtividadeAntiinflamatória.pdf: 1345173 bytes, checksum: 36238855dd90974856f2b7447113f6ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / O processo inflamatório é uma resposta dos tecidos a estímulos nocivos através de alterações celulares e vasculares. Em geral são processos dolorosos e incômodos para os pacientes e o tratamento convencional é realizado com a utilização dos Antiinflamatórios Não Esteroidais (AINEs), apesar das reações adversas que provocam. No Brasil e em todo o mundo plantas medicinais e medicamentos fitoterápicos são utilizados pela população para tratamento e prevenção de doenças, incluindo as inflamatórias. É o que ocorre com as espécies brasileiras, Lychnophora pinaster Mart. e Symphytum officinale L., utilizadas para tratamento de inflamação, dor e reumatismo, e que já tiveram a ação antiinflamatória demonstrada. Com base no exposto, este trabalho teve por objetivo a avaliação da atividade antiinflamatória de formulações de uso tópico, como gel, emulgel e nanoemulsão, contendo extratos de Lychnophora pinaster ou Symphytum officinale. A avaliação da atividade das formulações foi realizada em modelo de edema de pata induzido pela carragenina. Todas as formulações obtidas apresentaram aspecto homogêneo e odor característicos. A medida da viscosidade para as formulações base obtidas para o gel de hidroxietilcelulose 7 %, gel de hidroxietilcelulose 14 % e emulgel foi respectivamente de 1299782,00, 555632,00 e 373067,20 cP. Os emulgéis obtidos (base e contendo os diferentes extratos vegetais) apresentaram pH igual a 6,5, para os géis preparados com a utilização de hidroxietilcelulose a 7 % e 14 % (base e contendo os extratos ou nanoemulsão) a medida deste parâmetro foi 6,0 e 6,5 respectivamente. As formulações emulgel e géis base foram avaliadas durante 180 dias de estocagem, e durante este período não apresentaram alterações nas características observadas. Todas estas formulações foram de fácil aplicação. As nanoemulsões foram obtidas como suspensões coloidais com tamanho da partícula variando entre 233,0 ± 9,39 e 245,1 ± 8,17 nm e apresentaram distribuição de tamanho unimodal, com índice de polidispersão menor que 0,184 ± 0,041. A administração tópica das formulações emulgel contendo L. pinaster nas duas concentrações avaliadas (2,0 % e 5,0 %) e gel contendo nanoemulsão de L. pinaster a 2,0 % apresentou maior atividade que o Cataflam Emulgel (cada 1,16 g equivale a 1,0 g de diclofenaco potássico), as nanoemulsões contendo L. pinaster a 1,25 % e 2,0 % mostraram atividade antiinflamatória similar ao medicamento Cataflam Emulgel, enquanto que a nanoemulsão contendo L. pinaster a 0,625% e o gel contendo L. pinaster nas duas concentrações avaliadas (2,0 % e 5,0 %) não demonstraram atividade farmacológica. A administração tópica das formulações gel e emulgel contendo S. officinale a 10,0 % e 16,0 % mostraram atividade antiinflamatória similar ao Cataflam em emulgel, as formulações emulgel contendo S. officinale a 2,0 % e 5,0 % não apresentaram atividade. A comparação entre as formulações mostra que o emulgel e a nanoemulsão contendo Lychnophora pinaster na concentração de 2,0 % e 1,25 %, respectivamente foram as formulações mais interessantes e satisfatórias dentre as analisadas para esta espécie vegetal, visto que apresentaram atividade antiinflamatória significativa com baixas concentrações de extrato, além da facilidade de produção e administração. Em relação ao Symphytum officinale, as formulações emulgel e gel contendo o extrato bruto glicólico da espécie nas concentrações 10,0 e 16,0 % também foram consideradas satisfatórias, pois além da atividade antiinflamatória semelhante ao cataflam em emulgel, elas também se apresentaram de fácil produção e administração. ____________________________________________________________________________________ / ABSTRACT: The inflammation process is a tissue response to noxious stimuli through cellular and vascular changes. Usually, these processes are painful and uncomfortable for patients and the conventional treatment is accomplished with the use of Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), despite the adverse reactions that they cause. In Brazil and throughout the world medicinal plants and phytoterapic drugs are used to treat and prevent diseases, including inflammatory ones. The Brazilian species, Lychnophora pinaster Mart. and Symphytum officinale L. are used to treat inflammatory conditions, pain and rheumatism, and their anti-inflammatory activity were already demonstrated. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of topical formulations such as gels, emulgel and nanoemulsion containing Lychnophora pinaster or Symphytum officinale extracts. The formulations activity evaluation was performed using the acute paw oedema induced by carrageenan. All obtained formulations presented homogeneous appearance and characteristic smell. The viscosity measurement for the obtained pharmaceutical base forms gel hydroxyethylcellulose 7 %, gel hydroxyethylcellulose 14 % and emulgel was respectively 1299782,00, 555632,00 e 373067,20 cP. The obtained emulgel (base and containing plant extracts) showed pH of 6.5, for the prepared gels with the use of hydroxyethylcellulose 7 % and 14 % (base and containing extracts or nanoemulsion) the mensuration of this parameter was 6.0 and 6.5 respectively. The base formulations gels and emulgel were evaluated during 180 storage days, and showed no changes of the evaluated characteristics. All these formulations were easy for topical administration. The nanoemulsions were obtained as a colloidal suspension with particle size ranging from 233.0 ± 9.39 to 245.1 ± 8.17 nm and showed unimodal size distribution with size distribution less than 0.184 ± 0.041. The topical administration of the formulations emulgel containing L. pinaster in both concentrations (2.0 % and 5.0 %) showed greater activity than Cataflam , the nanoemulsion containing L. pinaster 1.25 % and 2.0 % and gel containing nanoemulsion of L. pinaster 2.0 % showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to Cataflam  while the nanoemulsion containing L. pinaster 0.625 % and the gels containing L. pinaster in both concentrations (2.0 % and 5.0 %) showed no pharmacological activity. The topical formulations emulgel and gel containing S. officinale 10.0 % and 16.0 % showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to Cataflam, the formulations emulgel containing S. officinale 2.0 % and 5.0 % showed no activity. Comparing the formulations, emulgel and nanoemulsion containing Lychnophora pinaster at a concentration of 2.0 % and 1.25 % respectively were the most interesting and satisfactory one among those analyzed for this plant species, since they showed significant anti-inflammatory activity with lower concentrations of extract, and easy production and administration. Regarding Symphytum officinale formulations, emulgel and gel containing the crude glycolic extract at the concentrations 10.0 and 16.0% were considered satisfactory, because besides the anti-inflammatory activity similar to Cataflam, they also presented easy production and administration.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención Producción Animal / El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo determinar el efecto de tres temperaturas (0°, 5°, 8°C) sobre la actividad respiratoria, color y parámetros sensoriales en hojas de berros y rúcula por un periodo de 15 días. La actividad respiratoria se determinó a partir de la medición de muestras gaseosas del espacio cabeza de un frasco de 1 L tras 1,5 horas de cierre, el color fue a través de los parámetros de luminosidad, croma y tono y las propiedades sensoriales según la aceptabilidad, apariencia, color, defectos y turgencia. La actividad respiratoria se midió cada 3 a 4 días, mientras que color y evaluación sensorial cada 6 ú 8 días. La actividad respiratoria disminuyó en todos los tratamientos para ambas especies en estudio. La medición del color indicó una tendencia a la disminución del color verde y aumento del amarillo en relación directa con el incremento de la temperatura. Respecto a los parámetros sensoriales, a 0°C se presentó la menor variación, disminuyendo solo el atributo aceptabilidad. En relación a lo anterior, en las hojas de berros, la menor actividad respiratoria se presentó a 0°C, con un promedio durante el ensayo de 49,1 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 , superior en 23,2 y 37,1 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 a lo registrado a temperaturas de 5° y 8°C. Asimismo, en hojas de rúcula, la actividad respiratoria más baja se presentó a 0°C, con un promedio de 21,0 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 , superior en 26,5 y 38,1 unidades a lo obtenido a 5° y 8°C, respectivamente. Para ambos ensayos, los parámetros de color medidos instrumentalmente y las propiedades sensoriales evidenciaron el término de vida útil al séptimo día a temperaturas de 5° y 8°C, mientras que a 0°C se extendió hasta los 13 días, presentando el menor deterioro y por ende corresponde a la mejor alternativa, entre las estudiadas, para la conservación de hojas de berros y rúcula mínimamente procesada en fresco. / The effect of three storage temperatures (0º, 5º and 8ºC) on respiratory activity, color and sensory parameters of hydroponic watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) and salad rocket, or arugula, (Eruca sativa Mill.) leaves was studied over a 15-day period. Respiratory activity was measured every 3-4 days and the other parameters every 6-8 days. In both species, respiratory activity decreased in all treatments. Color measurement indicated a tendency to green color decrease and yellow increase in direct relation to temperature increase. With respect to sensory parameters, the least variation occurred at 0ºC, where acceptability was the only attribute that decreased. In watercress leaves, the least respiratory activity occurred at 0ºC with an average of 49.1mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 during the trial, which was 23.2 and 37.1 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 higher than that recorded at 5º and 8ºC, respectively. Likewise, in salad rocket leaves the lowest respiratory activity took place at 0ºC with an average of 21.0 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 , which was 26.5 and 38.1 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 higher than that recorded at 5º and 8ºC, respectively. In both trials, the instrumentally measured color parameter and sensory properties showed shelf life termination on the seventh day at 5º and 8ºC, whereas at 0ºC shelf life extended to 13 days with the least deterioration and therefore this storage temperature appears as the best alternative among those studied here for the preservation of minimally processed fresh watercress and salad rocket leaves.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención: Sanidad Vegetal / Durante la temporada 2002-03 se estudió el efecto del polen de Helianthus annus L. (maravilla), Eschscholtzia californica Cham. (dedal de oro), Convolvulus arvensis L. (correhuela), Brassica rapa L. (yuyo), Raphanus sativus L. (rábano), Senecio vulgaris L. (senecio) y Taraxacum officinale Wever ex Wiggers (diente de león) en la sobrevivencia de los individuos, fertilidad y viabilidad de los huevos de Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) en laboratorio.

Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo / La industria de los productos mínimamente procesados en fresco (MPF) utiliza hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO) como sanitizante. Sin embargo, este producto genera residuos tóxicos, por lo que interesa buscar otras alternativas más amigables con la salud humana y el medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de tres sanitizantes alternativos al hipoclorito de sodio para disminuir la carga microbiana en berros envasados en atmósfera modificada pasiva a 5 ºC por 13 días. Se realizó una primera experiencia utilizando dos dosis de cada sanitizante y posteriormente, basándose en parámetros microbiológicos y sensoriales, se definió una dosis para cada sanitizante, realizándose una segunda experiencia. En esta experiencia se aplicó: dióxido de cloro (10 mg/L), clorito de sodio acidificado (500 mg/L), ácido peroxiacético (90 mg/L) e hipoclorito de sodio (100 mg/L) que se utilizó como testigo. Tras la sanitización, los berros se envasaron en atmósfera modificada pasiva, y se almacenaron a 5 ºC durante 13 días. Se midieron parámetros de respiración, color, concentración de gases en las bolsas, análisis microbiológico y análisis sensorial. En las hojas de berros el color verde disminuyó en el tiempo en todos los tratamientos y se incrementó el amarillamiento en todos los tratamientos realizados. El uso de atmósfera modificada pasiva (AMP) fue efectivo para preservar atributos de calidad, pero se recomienda utilizar una atmósfera modificada activa para lograr con mayor rapidez la modificación gaseosa al interior del envase. El hipoclorito de sodio (100 mg/L) sigue siendo un sanitizante efectivo en disminuir las poblaciones microbianas, manteniendo una buena calidad sensorial. El clorito de sodio acidificado (500 mg/L), fue uno de los sanitizantes que provocó una mayor disminución en la tasa respiratoria y obtuvo reducciones entre 1 a 1,6 unidades logarítmicas en aerobios mesófilos, enterobacterias y psicrófilos, siempre manteniendo una buena calidad sensorial. El dióxido de cloro (10 mg/L), fue efectivo para reducir las poblaciones microbianas entre 0,7 a 1,9 unidades logarítmicas, pero fue el sanitizante peor evaluado sensorialmente. El ácido peroxiacético en dosis de 90 mg/L fue efectivo para reducir la tasa respiratoria en berros. Sin embargo este sanitizante no tuvo un efecto significativo en la reducción de los microorganismos estudiados, ni en la pérdida de características sensoriales del producto. / The minimal processing industry uses sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant agent. Due to it produces toxic waste, healthy and environmental friendly alternatives are needed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of three alternative sanitizers to sodium hypochlorite to decrease the microbial populations in watercress packaged in pasive modified atmosphere for 13 days at 5ºC. The first experiment was performed using two doses of each sanitizer, and then based on microbiological and sensory parameters a dose for each sanitizer was defined for a second experiment, in which chlorine dioxide (10 mg/L), acidified sodium chlorite (500 mg/L), peroxyacetic acid (90 mg/L) and sodium hypochlorite (100 mg/L) as a control were applied. After sanitization, watercress was packed in passive modified atmosphere and stored at 5º C for 13 days. Respiration rate, color, package gas internal concentration, microbiological and sensory quality were analyzed. The green color of watercress tended to decrease along the storage period and a yellowing increase was observed. The use of passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) was effective to preserve quality, but is recommended using an active modified atmosphere to achieve the gas atmosphere equilibrium in a shorter time. The sodium hypochlorite (100 mg/L) is an effective sanitizer to reduce the microbial population and to preserve a good sensory quality. The acidified sodium chlorite (500 mg/L) greatly decreased the respiration rate, the microbial growth (between 1 to 1.6 log units in aerobic mesophilic, enterobacteria and psychrophilic), and showed a good sensory scores. The chlorine dioxide (10 mg/L) was effective to reduce microbial growth around 0.7 to 1.9 log units, but it was the worst evaluated by judges in the sensory analysis. The peroxyacetic acid (90 mg/L) was effective to decrease the respiration rate in watercress, but it did not have a significant effect neither on the microbial growth nor on the the sensory characteristics of the product.

For thousands of years ginger rhizomes are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Because of his significant pungent flavour is commonly used in foods and beverages all over the world. Nowadays many of the beneficial pharmacological positive effects of ginger rhizomes are identified. Their occurrence is due to the high concentration of bioactive compounds. This thesis is focused on analysing of occurrence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids and their influence on antioxidation and antimicrobial properties of samples of fresh and dried ginger. The results show that for extraction of bioactive compounds in different ginger samples is more suitable to use different types of extraction solvents. The highest antioxidation activity was measured for macerate of 100% bio ginger tea from Sonnentor company in 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial properties were showed only for 100% bio ginger tea against gram-positive bacteria Microccocus luteus.