Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGCIA.pdf: 2490788 bytes, checksum: f881db515387986c327882506a09b9fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-13 / With the appearance of a new world scenery, the markets are dominated by companies with high capacity of innovation. The university, one of the most important sources of knowledge, which fundamental role consists in the formation of human resources and in the performance of academic research, starts to be forced in a way that the results of its researches should bring more relevant economic and social impacts to the society in order to enrich and enlarge its role. As a consequence, the relationships of cooperation between universities and companies and the process of technology transfer from the university to the market gain importance. Among the known process of technology transfer, the creation of companies from the knowledge generated in the university (academic spin-offs), emerges as an alternative way to complement the traditional mechanisms. This study aims to characterize the process of technology transfer through the academic spin-offs, focusing the Federal University of São Carlos, and to identify its importance in the process of innovation, the employment creation, the relationships of cooperation between the university and companies and the local economic development. The methodology used was the qualitative research and case study, with field interviews and analysis of the contents. The results also show the received incentives and the main barriers faced by the academic spin-offs. / O surgimento de um novo cenário mundial, no qual os mercados são dominados por empresas com alta capacidade de inovação, a universidade, uma das mais importantes fontes de conhecimento, cujo papel fundamental consiste na formação de recursos humanos e na realização de pesquisa acadêmica, começa a ser pressionada para que os resultados de suas pesquisas tragam para a sociedade impactos econômicos e sociais mais expressivos, enriquecendo e ampliando sua atuação. Assim, as relações de cooperação entre universidades e empresas e o processo transferência de tecnologia da universidade para o mercado ganham importância. Entre os processos de transferência de tecnologia existentes, a criação de empresas a partir do conhecimento gerado nas universidades (spin-offs acadêmicas) surge como um caminho alternativo, complementando os mecanismos tradicionais já existentes. Este trabalho procura caracterizar o processo de transferência de tecnologia através das spin-offs acadêmicas na Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar e identificar sua importância no processo de inovação, na geração de empregos, nas relações de cooperação universidade-empresa e no desenvolvimento econômico local. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa qualitativa e estratégia de estudo de caso, com entrevistas de campo e análise de conteúdo.Os resultados mostram também os incentivos recebidos e as principais barreiras enfrentadas pelas spin-offs acadêmicas.

Maximiser le nombre de copies de gènes transmises aux générations suivantes implique une série de compromis. Chez les espèces à reproduction coopérative, des individus ne se reproduisent pas mais participent aux soins des jeunes d'autres individus reproducteurs. Ces assistants sont particulièrement intéressants dans le contexte des traits d'histoire de vie car ils forment un environnement prédictible favorable pour la reproduction, et leur présence peut aussi influencer les compromis évolutifs chez les reproducteurs. Un compromis évolutif majeur mais sous-étudié dans le cadre de la reproduction coopérative est l'allocation maternelle notamment via des effets maternels qui sont des modifications épigénétiques du phénotype de la descendance. Nous avons étudié l'existence d'effets maternels associés à la présence d'assistants et leurs possibles conséquences sur les femelles et leurs descendants chez un oiseau colonial et coopératif du sud de l'Afrique, le Républicain social Philetairus socius. Nos résultats montrent que les femelles pondent des œufs plus légers en présence d'assistants et que ces œufs sont moins concentrés en corticostérone et testostérone. Nos résultats montent aussi une plus grande probabilité de survie pour les femelles se reproduisant en groupe pouvant être en partie due à leur plus faible investissement dans les œufs. De plus, l'étude de la température dans les nids en fonction de la taille des groupes a permis de suggérer d'autres bénéfices pour les parents et assistants, en particulier via une réduction des coûts de thermorégulation qui pourrait aussi permettre de garder de l'énergie pour la survie. Pour comprendre les conséquences de la présence d'assistants et de l'allocation différentielle pour les poussins, une expérience d'adoption croisée a été réalisée. Elle a révélé que les œufs pondus par les femelles avec plus d'assistants produisent des poussins qui quémandent moins, montrant que des effets maternels pourraient influencer le comportement des poussins. Enfin nous avons étudié la survie des poussins après l'envol à l'aide d'analyses de captures recaptures et avons trouvé de manière surprenante que les poussins à l'envol ont une probabilité de survie plus faible lorsqu'ils sont élevés présence d'assistants. Ces résultats dans leur ensemble démontrent l'importance d'étudier les effets maternels chez les espèces coopératives et ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives de recherche sur les conflits familiaux et de compromis évolutifs associés à la présence d'assistants. / Maximizing of the number copies of genes that are transmitted to the next generations involves a series of tradeoffs. In cooperatively breeding species some sexually mature individuals do not breed but instead help other individuals to raise their offspring. These helpers are particularly interesting in a life history context as they create a predictably favorable breeding environment and their presence can thus influence evolutionary trade-offs. A major evolutionary trade-off that is often neglected in studies on cooperative breeding is maternal allocation, notably through maternal effects that are epigenetic modifications of offspring phenotype. Here we investigate whether there are maternal effects induced by the presence of helpers and their possible consequences on females and their offspring in a colonial cooperative breeder of southern Africa, the sociable weaver Philetairus socius. Our results show that females lay smaller eggs in the presence of helpers and in addition these eggs have lower corticosterone and testosterone concentrations. Our results also show a higher survival probability of females breeding in groups, which may be partially due to their lower investment in eggs. In addition, a study of roosting chamber temperatures in relation to group size suggests further benefits for parents and helpers, particularly through lower costs of thermoregulation that could also allow energy savings for survival. To start understanding the consequences of helpers presence and differential maternal allocation for offspring we conducted a cross fostering experiment. Our results show that eggs produced by females breeding in larger groups produce chicks that beg at a lower rate, showing that maternal effects may influence chicks' behavior. Finally, we investigated post-fledging survival through capture-recapture analyses and, surprisingly, found that fledglings have a lower survival probability when raised with helpers. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of studying maternal effects on cooperative breeders and open several research prospects on family conflicts and life history trade-offs according to the presence of helpers.

Cette recherche porte sur le bouleversement épistémologique qui affecte la littérature patrimoniale, à l’ère du numérique et du multimédia. La première partie s’intéresse à la fondation de la notion de littérature patrimoniale en France. Elle propose une revue synthétique des contextes et des discours qui ont fondé cette notion à travers le temps. Les zones de fracture et de continuité entre conceptions passées et conceptions contemporaines y sont questionnées. L’analyse aboutit au constat que conceptions émergentes et traditionnelles forment une mémoire dialogique, vive et complexe, qui innerve de ses paradoxes les archétypes fondateurs : les notions d’auteur, d’œuvre et de « bibliothèque ». La deuxième partie examine la réception contemporaine de la littérature patrimoniale, pour laquelle « la bibliothèque » est une mémoire du passé mais aussi une réserve d’œuvres à venir dans le cadre du dialogue entre les arts et les modes que les techniques contemporaines favorisent. Pour le récepteur contemporain, la bibliothèque patrimoniale est intériorisée comme une triple mémoire formée de la bibliothèque collective, de sa propre bibliothèque intérieure, d’une bibliothèque virtuelle où se régénèrent le corpus patrimonial et les discours qui l’environnent. Ce récepteur connaît et pratique la bibliothèque collective, vouée à la conservation de la mémoire collective ; il est conscient aussi de posséder une bibliothèque intérieure où s’opère pour lui une double conversion : il devient sujet lecteur et l’œuvre patrimoniale texte du lecteur. Cette double conversion créative se concrétise et se réalise effectivement dans la bibliothèque virtuelle multimodale, lieu de partage et de discours sur les œuvres qui lui permet d’entrer en conversation avec d’autres sujets-lecteurs et en contact avec d’autres communautés discursives et, dans ce cadre, de produire à la fois de nouveaux discours sur les œuvres mais aussi des œuvres secondes. On pose que l’œuvre source et ses objets seconds forment alors une sémiosphère multimodale. Comme les objets seconds multimodaux émanent de communautés diverses, la notion de sémiosphère réinterroge les hiérarchies culturelles héritées. Etre cultivé aujourd’hui, ce n’est plus seulement connaître les œuvres de la bibliothèque collective mais investir la sémiosphère. Le sujet lecteur est amené à devenir sujet récepteur multi-compétent, capable de naviguer d’une communauté de discours et de pratiques à une autre. Il se nourrit de la diversité, assure la communication productive entre les objets et les communautés dans la sémiosphère et favorise, par sa seule navigation experte, le développement de la sémiosphère, c’est-à-dire de la culture partagée. / This research is concerned with the epistemological upheavals which affect literary heritage in the digital and multimedia age. The first part of this work explores the origin of the notion of literary heritage in France. It provides a synthetic review of the contexts and discourses which have underpinned this notion through time. Present and past concepts are examined in terms of continuity and discontinuity. The analysis leads to the conclusion that both emerging and traditional understandings blend together creating a dynamic, complex and dialogical trace which through its paradoxes informs the founding archetypical notions of author, literary work and ‘library’. The second part examines the contemporary reception of literary heritage for which the ‘library’ represents not only a record of past literary works but constitutes a stock for future ones given the increasing trend by which the Arts are distributed to the public using the medium of multimedia digital technology. The contemporary receiver conceives and internalizes the literary heritage library in three ways: as a public library, as an internal library, and as a virtual library where heritage corpus and discourses about corpus are regenerated. This receiver knows and uses the public library as a place which is dedicated to the conservation of the collective memory; s/he is also conscious of possessing an internal library where a double conversion takes place: s/he becomes a « reader-subject » and the heritage literature is the reader’s text. This double creative conversion takes a concrete form in the virtual multimodal library where literature can be shared and discussed. This enables the receiver to start up a conversation with other readers and be connected with other discourse communities. Within this framework, new discourses are generated concerning mainstream literary works and their offshoots. We consider then that the original literary work and its offshoots constitute a multimodal semiosphere. As the derived multimodal objects come from different communities, the notion of semiosphere re-interrogates the cultural inherited hierarchies. Nowadays, being cultured does not consist in knowing the contents of the public library but instead involves being invested in the semiosphere. The reader is encouraged to become a multi-skilled receiver navigating from one discourse community and/or community of practice to another. S/he feeds on diversity, ensures prolific communication within the semiosphere between objects and communities and, thanks to expertise in multimedia browsing skills, s/he enhances the development of the semiosphere, i.e. the shared culture.

Canals surrounding the Everglades carry enriched and polluted water high in minerals and nutrients. These enriched waters impact adjacent marsh habitats, altering flora and fauna species and abundance. Multiple studies have found gradients in nutrient levels as a function of distance from canals and emphasize the sensitivity of some organisms to these changes in water chemistry. Florida apple snails, Pomacea paludosa Say, are just one of many Everglades species sensitive to changes in water chemistry. They serve as an important staple in the diets of many Everglades predators including turtles, crayfish, limpkins and most importantly the endangered snail kite, Rostrahamus sociabilis which feeds almost exclusively on the apple snail. To examine potential effects of water chemistry on apple snail breeding patterns, we observed snail egg size, egg number per clutch, and carbon and nitrogen contents along water chemistry gradients and among snail breeding months at the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Egg number per clutch and egg diameters were greatest in the most impacted zones and lowest in the pristine, interior zone. Carbon contents of eggs were highest in the interior and east side of the Refuge and lowest in the west side. Nitrogen contents of eggs were highest in the interior and west side of the Refuge, and lowest in the east side. Significant, albeit weak, positive trends were found between N content and egg diameter, C content and egg diameter, and between egg number per clutch and egg diameter, but only among specific zones and months. Results from this study suggest that snails in areas of the Refuge that are influenced by canal-water may produce greater numbers of apple snail offspring with greater egg diameters than those in less impacted areas. However, we do not know if this translates into higher hatchling success and survival.

Humanity is facing challenges of sustainably producing enough food for a growing population without further eroding the world’s ecosystems. Transformation of natural habitats into agriculture has resulted in opportunities for civilization, but has also led to land degradation and loss of biodiversity, threatening the generation of ecosystem services. A better understanding of interlinkages and trade-offs among ecosystem services, and the spatial scales at which services are generated, used and interact, is needed in order to successfully inform land use policies. This includes the need to develop transdisciplinary tools that can disentangle the relationships between the supply of and demand for ecosystem services. This thesis investigates agricultural landscapes as complex social-ecological systems, and uses a multi-method approach to assess ecosystem service generation from different types of agricultural landscapes and to examine the social-ecological nature of these services. More specifically, the thesis discusses the importance of appropriate spatial scales, explores landscape change, integrates stakeholder knowledge and develops tools to investigate supply and demand of multiple ecosystem services.  Paper I reviews the literature on ecosystem service mapping, revealing that services were mostly mapped at intermediate spatial scales (municipality and province), and rarely at local scales (farm/village). Although most of the reviewed studies used a resolution of 1 hectare or less, more case-specific local scale mapping is required to unravel the fine-scale dynamics of ecosystem service generation that are needed to inform landscape planning. To explore future uncertainties and identify relevant ecosystem services in a study area, paper II builds alternative scenarios using participatory scenario planning in the Upper Thukela region, South Africa. The paper compares methods to select services for an ecosystem service assessment showing that scenario planning added limited value for identifying ecosystem services, although it improved knowledge of the study area and availed useful discussions with stakeholders. Papers III and IV combines social and biophysical data to study the supply and demand of ecosystem services at farm- and landscape level, through participatory mapping and expert assessments in the Upper Thukela region, South Africa (paper III), and through in-depth interviews and biophysical surveys in Uppsala County, Sweden (paper IV), including small-scale and large-scale farmers. Both papers find apparent differences between the farmer groups in terms of the supply and the demand of services, and also the capacity of the farmers to influence the generation of services (paper III). Paper IV further establishes the importance of using multiple indicators combining social and biophysical data to quantify and investigate the complex social-ecological nature of ecosystem services. A cross-case comparison of ecosystem service bundles, using data from papers III and IV, finds similarities in bundles generated in the large-scale systems, while the small-scale agriculture bundles varied. This thesis provides new insights into the social-ecological generation of ecosystem services at fine scales such as farm and landscape levels, and shows the importance of including the knowledge of various stakeholders, combining different methods and tools to increase the understanding of supply and demand of ecosystem services. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.</p>

The purpose of this study is to examine the integration of gender and environmental policies in Stockholm municipality. The study seeks to address the integration of these policy areas as itbuilds on previous research that have already established that the integration of the two can support the achievement of sustainable development. However, as tensions and synergies between these policies are not that well-explored, this study adds to literature by identifyingtensions and synergies in terms of policy integration between gender and environment. The study seeks to answer to what extent these policies are integrated, what challenges, tensions,and possibilities to find synergies there are. This is done through a single case study and content analysis. The study presents a merging of the two theories policy integration and ecofeminism, which is divided into five themes and numerous codes for the analysis. Five policy documents from the municipality and eight interview transcripts with civil servants is analysed. The study found that there are some aspects of integration between the two already, but to a limited extent. It identifies tensions between gender and environment as well as structural and organisational challenges for integrating these policy areas. Moreover, synergies were identified between these policy areas. Some interesting findings of the data was that it indicated success to integrate these policy areas in some parts of the policy-process, whereas there were limitations to integrate in other parts. Therefore, the study concludes that there needs to be ensuring mechanisms for the integration in the whole policy-process and to take advantage of the synergies that appears. Hence, this study suggests that for future research it would be interesting to investigate other aspects of the policy-process. The study also concludes that the results can be extended to other municipalities or local governments that are facing the same challenges to consider many aspects while working in silos.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilken värdeförändring som sker för det avknoppade bolaget på kort och lång sikt under tidsperioden 1996–2018 på den svenska marknaden. Avknoppning inträffar när ett moderbolag delar ut innehavet av aktier i ett dotterbolag till aktieägarna. Avknoppning kan antingen vara fokuserad eller icke fokuserad. Fokuserad avknoppning innebär att moderbolaget knoppar av till ett nytt bolag inom samma bransch och icke fokuserad avknoppning innebär avknoppningen sker till annan bransch än moderbolaget. Anledning till att genomföra en avknoppning är att öka aktievärdet för bolagets aktieägare. Bolagen i studien har genomfört minst en fokuserad eller icke fokuserad avknoppning efter införandet av Lex Asea på den svenska marknaden. Lex Asea är ett regelverk som möjliggör utdelning av aktier från moderbolaget till aktieägarna utan att påverka beskattningen för aktieägarna. Enligt tidigare studier är avknoppning förenat med överavkastning. Problematiken uppstår i att tidigare studier har studerat olika förklarande variabler till övereller underavkastning på andra börsmarknader. Resultat av detta vill vi i vår studie studera om förklarande variablerna relativ storlek och Return On Asset påverkar över- eller underavkastningen för bolag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen. Över- eller underavkastning på kort sikt studeras med Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) på 1, 2, 3, 4 och 5 dagars sikt. Över- eller underavkastning på lång sikt studeras med Buy-andhold Abnormal Return (BHAR) på 6, 12, 18 och 24 månaders sikt. Studiens data gällande aktiekurser och dess prisutveckling hämtas från Thomson Reuters Eikon. Information om vilka avknoppningar som genomförts på den svenska marknaden under tidsperioden 1996– 2018 hämtades från Skatteverket. I studien genomförsregressionsanalys i form av multivariat analys med tillhörande förklarande variabler. Analysen genomförs för att försöka hitta samband om dessa variabler kan förklara över- eller underavkastning för studerande bolag i studien. Studiens resultat påvisade underavkastning under det observerade eventfönstret på kort sikt och överavkastning på lång sikt. Den genomsnittliga underavkastningen uppgick under en femdagarsperiod till -2,4% och den genomsnittliga överavkastningen uppgick under en period på 24 månader till 48,5%. / The purpose of the paper was to investigate the abnormal return in the short and the long run for spinoffs during the time period 1996-2018. The result of the study showed a negative abnormal return during the observed event window in the short run and a positive abnormal in the long run. The average abnormal return during a five-day period was -2,4% and the average abnormal return during a 24-month period was 48,5%. The study investigated whether ROA and the relative size of the company could explain the abnormal return.

A central goal of life history theory is to understand the selective factors that generate the diversity of reproductive patterns observed in nature. Within lifetime changes in reproductive investment will determine an organism's fitness; however, this area of life history theory has received less attention than comparisons among population that characterize life history traits as a single population mean. Reproductive allocation can be affected by multiple cues; the integration of these cues across an organism's lifetime generates the diversity in life history strategies observed in nature. Life history studies should examine the interacting effects of multiple cues on life history strategies to generate better predictions and generalizations of age-related changes in reproductive investment. An individual's life history strategy is inherently multivariate consisting of a coordinated suite of life history traits that, when combined across the organism's lifetime, determines its fitness. Life history strategies can therefore be described as a trajectory through multivariate space defined by life history traits. Here I describe life history trajectory analysis, a multivariate analytical approach for quantifying and comparing phenotypic change in life history strategies; this methodology is adapted from an analytical framework originally described for studies of morphological evolution. Life history trajectories have attributes (magnitude, direction, and shape) that can be quantified and statistically compared among taxa to determine if life history patterns are predictable. Using the life history trajectory analysis, I demonstrate the effect of prior experience on reproductive allocation in the burying beetle Nicrophorus orbicollis. The effect of prior experience resulted in a terminal investment or accentuated response to age-based cues, or resulted in a conservative investment strategy or reproductive restraint. In the livebearing fish Gambusia affinis, females adjust the level of reproductive investment to current reproduction based on age- or environment-based cues. Age-0 females decreased the level of reproductive investment to current reproduction in late summer prior to the onset of fall and winter months. Old females, on the other hand, increased the level of reproductive investment as the summer progressed. The reproductive restraint and terminal investment patterns exhibited by age-0 and age-1 females, respectively, were consistent with the predictions from the cost of reproduction hypothesis. These studies demonstrate how the life history trajectory analysis provides an analytical tool to test predictions of life history theory. Additionally, I provide evidence that organisms use multiple cues to determine the level of reproductive investment and that the strength of the effect of each cue will depend on the age of an individual.

Corporate spin-offs have been on the rise in recent years and this trend has captured the interest from corporations worldwide who are looking to manage change and innovation in a new and exciting way.  This research includes primary data from case studies conducted through semi-structured interviews and secondary data from previous research around the subject area. Prior research has highlighted the financial aspect of spin-offs as well as university driven spin-offs while this research features learnings from two Stockholm based spin-offs and their views on organizational success and the relationship between the parent company and the spin-off. This research highlights the motives behind introducing a spin-off and how technological advancements has impacted the success of the spin-off.  The findings of this research are underlined by the spin-offs ability to make use of the parent company’s expertise and highly focused business departments which helps the spin-off focus on its core competencies. In addition, the findings suggest that the motives behind introducing a corporate spin-off in 2017 are related to improving the customer experience while making modifications correlated to the cost structure, which most often attracts a new customer segment.  Throughout the research, it was evident that spin-offs often collaborate with external partners hired by the parent company. Because of this, this research provides insights from third party vendors with significant experience in technology startups, operational strategies and spin-off processes.  This research contributes to the field of industrial management by demonstrating local developments in innovation management techniques while also showcasing how consumer trends influences business decisions.

Alike many urban rivers, the Mapocho River in Santiago withstands enormous pressures from urban development. In the last decades there has been an increasing interest in the river, opening an opportunity to intervene its riparian areas where land is still available. But there is also the threat that future interventions will continue to be treated in isolation and respond to sectorial interests, hindering the river’s potential in the long run. With this in mind, the research aims to explore a way of understanding local contexts that takes into account both regional and local realities, providing a more holistic basis over which sustainable local interventions could take place in the future. Resilience theory is used as a conceptual framework to understand sustainability in its broad sense, aim at sustainability transformations through cross-scale interactions, and pay attention to the way in which social-ecological dimensions interact. Focusing on three local sites along the river, the analysis first explores priority ecosystem services from a regional perspective and then focuses on dimensions that become apparent at the local scale through site observations. This results in the proposition of a framework that explicitly links dimensions across scales by defining the way in which they interact to put forward what is possible and desirable in the current scenario. Within this interplay, the regional scale determines the influential capacity of the local site in question to alleviate regional sustainability challenges, while providing the relevance and urgency of specific ecosystem services to emerge. The local scale frames the spatial and socio-cultural feasibility to intervene the site, putting forward physical and value dimensions. The analysis of interactions highlights relevant linkages and conflicts that could inform and guide sustainable interventions at the local scale. Findings suggest that a specific ES can sometimes serve as a gateway to pursue synergicefforts between diverging interests, that physical dimensions like spatial delimitation and accessibility can play a key role, and that the consideration of value dimensions can help handle inevitable trade-offs. / Likt många andra urbana floder är Mapocho-floden i Santiago utsatt för omfattande påfrestningar till följd av en urban utveckling. Under de senaste decennierna har dock intresset för floden ökat, vilket har öppnat upp för nya möjligheter att kunna påverka flodens strandområden kring de platser där mark fortfarande finns tillgängligt. Trots detta kvarstår emellertid hotet om att framtida insatser ska fortsätta behandlas isolerat och svara på sektoriella intressen, vilket därmed skulle kunna inverka negativt på flodens potential på längre sikt. Med detta i åtanke syftar denna studie till att utforska sätt att förstå lokala sammanhang som tar hänsyn till både regionala och lokala verkligheter och som därmed kan bidra till en mer holistisk grund för hur lokalthållbara interventioner kan äga rum framöver. I studien används resiliensteorin som ett konceptuellt ramverk för att förstå hållbarhet i dessvida bemärkelse, syfta till hållbarhetsomvandlingar genom interaktiva interaktioner och uppmärksamma hur social-ekologiska dimensioner interagerar. (Hard to understand). I analysen har ett antal prioriterade ekosystemtjänster undersökts ur ett regionalt perspektiv för tre lokalaplatser längst floden och därefter har analyser utförts för de dimensioner som har kunnat identifierats på lokal skala genom platsobservationer. Resultatet av detta arbete har lett fram till ett ramverk tänkt att koppla samman dimensioner mellan skalor genom att definiera hur de interagerar och på så vis synliggöra vilka möjligheter som finns i de aktuellas cenarierna. Inom detta samspel är det den regionala skalan som avgör graden av påverkan de lokala platserna har i rollen att kunna motverka regionala hållbarhetsutmaningar, samtidigt som det blir möjligt att kartlägga specifika ekosystemtjänster som kan vara relevanta och av brådskande karaktär. Den lokala skalan ramar in de rumsliga och sociokulturella möjligheterna att kunna ingripa på platserna genom att lägga fram både fysiska och värdefulla dimensioner. Analysen av dessa interaktioner har således kunnat belysa relevanta kopplingar och konflikter som kan informera och vägleda beslutsfattare kring hur hållbara åtgärder kan genomföras på den lokala skalan. Studiens resultat visar även på att specifika ES ibland kan verka som en brygga för att bedriva synergiska kraftansträngningar mellan divergerande intressen, där fysiska dimensioner likt rumslig avgränsning och tillgänglighet kan spela nyckelroller samt där övervägning av diverse värdedimensioner kan bidra till att hantera oundvikliga trade-offs.