Diploma thesis is concerned to OH&SMS management system in cleaning company. It is analyzed as both national and international legal regulations of OH&SMS. Then analysis and risc rating of individual departments and suggestions of reformations are done. Based on choice, some supervisory documentation of OH&SMS were rewritten and completed.

La combustion diphasique implique de nombreux phénomènes physiques complexes, comprenant l'atomisation, la dispersion, l'évaporation et la combustion. Bien que la simulation numérique soit un outil performant pour aborder ces différentes interactions entre les phases liquides et gazeuses, la méthode doit être validée par des études expérimentales fiables. Par conséquent, des données expérimentales précises sur la structure de la flamme et sur les propriétés de la phase liquide et gazeuse le long des étapes d'évaporation et de combustion sont nécessaires. La complexité des configurations aéronautiques réelles implique d'étudier l'effet des propriétés locales sur la dynamique des flammes pour une configuration canonique. Ce travail, réalisé dans le cadre du projet ANR TIMBER, a pour objectif d'améliorer la compréhension de la combustion en flux diphasique, ainsi que de produire une base de données efficace et originale pour la validation des modèles utilisés dans les LES. / Liquid fuels are the primary energy source in a wide range of applications including industrial and residential furnaces, internal combustion engines and propulsion systems. Pollutant emission reduction is currently one of the major constraints for the design of the next generation combustion chamber. Spray combustion involves many complex physical phenomena including atomization, dispersion, evaporation and combustion, which generally take place simultaneously or within very small regions in the combustion chambers. Although numerical simulation is a valuable tool to tackle these different interactions between liquid and gas phases, the method needs to be validated through reliable experimental studies. Therefore, accurate experimental data on flame structure and on liquid and gas properties along the evaporation and combustion steps are needed and are still challenging. A joint effort between numerical and experimental teams is necessary to meet tomorrow's energy challenges and opportunities. The complexity of the real aeronautical configurations implies to study the effect of local properties in flame dynamics on a canonical configuration, which presents the essential feature of very well defined boundary conditions. This work, carried out within the framework of the ANR TIMBER project, aims to improve the understanding of two-phase flow combustion, as well as to produce an efficient and original database for the validation of the models used in LES.

Dans leur environnement, les plantes sont fréquemment soumises à des attaques de microorganismes pathogènes. Pour leur faire face, elles mettent en place des mécanismes de défense activés suite à la détection du microorganisme via des motifs moléculaires ou IPs (Invasion Patterns). Les rhamnolipides (RLs) sont des molécules glycolipidiques amphiphiles produites par des bactéries des genres Pseudomonas et Burkholderia. Ces molécules sont capables d’induire, au niveau foliaire chez différentes plantes, une résistance locale contre des microorganismes phytopathogènes. L’acide 3-hydroxydécanoïque (3-OH-C10:0), le constituant de base de la partie lipidique des RLs, active aussi une réponse immune dans la partie aérienne de la plante Arabidopsis thaliana. Cette réponse immune est déclenchée suite à sa perception par le récepteur kinase S-lectine LORE. Les travaux menés au cours ce projet de thèse ont permis de mettre en évidence que le 3-OH-C10:0 est perçu au niveau racinaire par LORE, conduisant à l’activation d’une réponse immune innée et à la mise en place d’une résistance systémique (ISR) efficace contre le champignon nécrotrophe Botrytis cinerea. D’autre part, ces travaux ont révélés que les RLs sont aussi perçus au niveau racinaire et activent une ISR contre B. cinerea n’impliquant pas le récepteur LORE. L’ensemble de ces résultats montrent que les RLs ainsi que le 3-OH-C10:0, sont deux IPs reconnus par A. thaliana au niveau racinaire via des mécanismes indépendants et tous deux conduisant à l’activation d’une résistance systémique. / In their environment, plants are frequently challenged by pathogenic microorganisms. Plants are able to trigger an innate immune response to fight against the infection. This immune response is activated after perception of the microorganisms through Invasion Patterns (IPs). Rhamnolipids (RLs) are amphiphilic glycolipidics molecules produced by some bacterial species including Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. RLs are able to induce an immune response in the aerial part of several plant which is effective against phytopathogens. 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3-OH-C10:0), a lipid building block from RLs, is known to trigger Arabidopsis thaliana immune responses in leaves after its perception by the bulb-type lectin receptor kinase LORE. In the present work, we showed that the 3-OH-C10:0 is also sensed by roots through LORE, triggering local immune responses and a systemic induced resistance (ISR) effective against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. In addition, this work revealed that RLs are also recognized by root cells, activating a LORE-independent ISR against B. cinerea. This work shows that RLs and 3-OH-C10:0 are different IPs independently recognized by A. thaliana roots but both inducing a systemic resistance in plants.

Cette thèse établit le schéma de dégradation hétérogène du chlorpyriphos éthyl (CLP) sous l'action des radicaux OH et de l'ozone pour des dépôts de CLP sur des plaques de quartz et sous celle l'ozone pour différentes contaminations de sable en CLP. Les constantes cinétiques de la dégradation hétérogène sont déterminées dans un réacteur photo-chimique couplé à un système GC/MS. Le chlorpyriphos-oxon (CLPO) et le trichloropyridinol (TCP) sont les produits de dégradation détectés en phase hétérogène quels que soit l'oxydant et le support. La réactivité hétérogène du CLPO vis-à-vis de l’ozone et des radicaux OH est également étudiée. Les résultats montrent que les radicaux OH constituent la principale voie de dégradation hétérogène du CLP et que le CLPO est plus persistant que le CLP. Le CLPO peut être transporté loin de son point d'application. L'ozonolyse hétérogène du CLP sur du sable montre que la cinétique est dépendante de la contamination en CLP de manière exponentielle. Le mécanisme réactionnel établi à partir de l'analyse des produits de dégradation en phase condensée prévoit la formation de petites molécules organophosphorées dont nous avons étudié la réactivité par rapport aux radicaux OH et au chlore atomique en phase gazeuse en fonction de la température. Le O,O,O-triéthylphosphate (TEP) et le diéthyle O,O-diéthyléthylphosphonate (DEEP) présentent des constantes de vitesse de supérieures à 10-10 cm3.molécule-1.s-1. Ces molécules se dégradent donc rapidement dans l'atmosphère et sont source d'une pollution photochimique locale. Enfin, pour compléter l'étude du devenir du CLP, son spectre UV est réalisé en phase gazeuse et sa constante de photolyse est déterminée à 1,8 10-5 s-1, ce qui implique une durée de vie de 16 heures vis-à-vis de la photolyse en phase gaz. / This thesis establishes the mechanism of heterogeneous degradation of chlorpyrifos (CLP) towards OH-radicals and ozone for CLP on quartz plaques and towards ozone for various contaminations of sand with CLP. The kinetic constants of the heterogeneous degradation are determined in a photo-chemical reactor coupled with a GC/MS. The chlorpyriphos-oxon (CLPO) and the trichloropyridinol (TCP) are the degradation products in the heterogeneous phase for different oxidizer and medium. The heterogeneous reactivity of CLPO towards ozone and OH-radicals are also studied. The results show that the OH-radicals constitute the main pathway of heterogeneous degradation of the CLP and that the CLPO is more persistent than the CLP. The CLPO can be transported far from its point of application. The heterogeneous ozonolysis of the CLP on sand shows that the kinetics are dependent of the contamination in CLP with an exponential behavior.The mechanism established from the analysis of products detected in the condensed phase plans the formation of small organophosphate molecules transferred in the gas phase. We studied the reactivity of two volatile organophosphate molecules the O,O,O-triethylphosphate (TEP) and the O,O-diethylethylphosphonate (DEEP) towards OH-radicals and towards the atomic chlorine in gas phase as a function of the temperature. The TEP and the DEEP present rate constants above 10-10 cm3.molecule-1.s-1. These molecules thus quickly degrade in the atmosphere and are source of a local photochemical pollution.Finally, to complete the degradation pattern of the CLP, its gas phase UV spectra is measured and its constant of photolysis is determined to 1,8 10-5 s-1, involving a photolysis life time of around 16 hours.

Die Aspergillose ist eine Erkrankung des Respirationstraktes bei Vögeln, vor allem in Gefangenschaft gehaltenen tropischen Papageien, Greifvögeln und Pinguinen. Itraconazol ist hierbei ein häufig eingesetztes Therapeutikum und wird in der Vogelmedizin per os verabreicht (JONES und OROSZ 2000; KELLER 2011). Es zeigten sich gute Wirksamkeiten und Resistenzlagen. Bei über 90 % der Aspergillus fumigatus Isolate aus Wild- und Hausvögeln konnte eine MHK von 0,5 µg/ml eruiert werden (BEERNAERT et al. 2009). Allerdings kam es nach oraler Gabe von Itraconazol zu einem verzögerten Wirkungseintritt sowie, vor allem bei Graupapageien, zu Nebenwirkungen (KRAUTWALD-JUNGHANNS 2011b; PSCHERER 1995). Um ausreichende Wirkspiegel in Lunge und Luftsäcken zu erreichen, ist die Verabreichung einer hohen oralen Dosis notwendig. Dies führt wiederum zu hohen systemischen Konzentrationen und somit zu hohen potenziellen Nebenwirkungen (LUMEIJ et al. 1995). Ein Ziel in der Verbesserung der Therapiemöglichkeiten der Aspergillose ist es daher, einen hohen lokalen Wirkspiegel mit gleichzeitig geringen systemischen Konzentrationen zu erreichen. Ein Ansatz besteht in der inhalativen Verabreichung von z. B. Nanosuspensionen, da hier das Medikament direkt in Lunge/Luftsäcke appliziert werden kann. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Sammlung von ersten Daten über den Einsatz einer neuartigen Itraconazol-Nanosuspension zur Verabreichung per inhalationem an Tauben (Columba livia f. domestica). Hierzu wurden in einer ersten Studie pharmakokinetische Spiegel in Blut sowie Lungengewebe nach einmaliger Gabe zweier Konzentrationsstufen (1 % und 10 %) erfasst. In der zweiten Studie wurde die Verträglichkeit sowie die Pharmakokinetik nach 14 tägiger Inhalation der Suspension in den Dosierungsstufen 1 %, 4 % und 10 % evaluiert. In der ersten Studie wurden die Tauben in zwei Hauptgruppen sowie eine Placebogruppe randomisiert aufgeteilt und erhielten einmalig über 30 min die Itraconazol-Nanosuspension per inhalationem in den Dosierungsstufen 1 % und 10 % bzw. isotonische Natriumchlorid-Lösung. Keines der Tiere zeigte Nebenwirkungen, die in Zusammenhang mit der Medikation gestellt werden konnten. Zur Erstellung eines pharmakokinetischen Profils wurden Blutproben nach 1 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h und 96 h sowie Lungengewebe von je vier Tauben nach der Euthanasie entnommen und darin die Itraconazol sowie die OH Itraconazol Konzentrationen bestimmt. Alle vorhandenen Werte zu einem gegebenen Zeitpunkt wurden gemittelt, woraus sich ein zusammengesetztes Profil ergab. Nach singulärer Verabreichung zeigten sich geringe systemische Spiegel mit einer Peak-Konzentration von 0,01 µg/ml Itraconazol 4 h post inhalationem bzw. 0,04 µg/ml OH-Itraconazol 24 h post inhalationem bei der 1%igen Nanosuspension und 0,065 µg/ml Itraconazol 24 h nach der Inhalation bzw. 0,365 µg/ml OH Itraconazol 24 h nach der Inhalation bei der 10%igen Dosierungsgruppe. In den Lungen konnten weitaus höhere Spiegel mit 9,1 µg/g Itraconazol und 0,223 µg/g OH Itraconazol 1 h post inhalationem bei der 1%igen Dosierungsgruppe bzw. 91,13 µg/g Itraconazol 1 h nach der Inhalation und 1,081 µg/g OH Itraconazol 4 h nach der Inhalation bei der 10%igen Dosierungsgruppe detektiert werden. Bei der zweiten Studie wurden die Tiere in drei Hauptgruppen sowie eine Placebogruppe randomisiert aufgeteilt und erhielten 14 Tage lang über je 30 min die Itraconazol-Nanosuspension per inhalationem in den Konzentrationen 1 %, 4 % und 10 % bzw. istotonische Natriumchlorid Lösung. Zur Abklärung der Verträglichkeit wurden die Tiere täglich adspektorisch, sowie alle sieben Tage ausführlich klinisch untersucht. Weiterhin wurden vor und nach der Inhalationsperiode detaillierte Blutuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Bei keiner der Untersuchungen konnten Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen auf das zu testende Medikament festgestellt werden. Auch nach 14 tägiger Gabe konnten im Plasma nur geringe Itraconazol-/OH Itraconazol-Konzentrationen gemessen werden. Aufgrund der teilweise sehr hohen Lungenspiegel (17,14 µg/g bei der 4%igen und 185 µg/g bei der 10%igen Nanosuspension je 24 h post inhalationem) und hohen Eliminationshalbwertszeiten (von über 40 h) sind jedoch hohe und langanhaltende Wirkspiegel am Infektionsort gegeben. Abschließend kann gesagt werden, dass die erlangten Daten über den Einsatz der neuartigen Itraconazol-Nanosuspension zur Verabreichung per inhalationem bei Tauben keine klinischen Nebenwirkungen erkennen ließen und sich ein effektives pharmakokinetisches Profil zeigte. Mit den hohen lokalen Lungenspiegeln nebst geringen systemischen Konzentrationen und somit geringen zu erwartende Nebenwirkungen erscheint das Medikament durchaus zum Einsatz gegen die Aspergillose bei Vögeln geeignet zu sein.

No description available.

Background In South Africa, as in many other developing countries, obesity has become a major health problem causing an increase in the incidence and prevalence of various non-communicable diseases. Research has shown that excess adiposity is associated with low vitamin D status and detrimental to bone health. Low vitamin D status has been linked to various non-communicable diseases which includes osteoporosis, and also the metabolic syndrome. Information is scarce on the role of lean mass and fat mass on bone health in the black South African population. There is also a shortage of data on the association between vitamin D status and the metabolic syndrome in the South African population. Aim The main aim of this study was to examine factors (vitamin D status, socio-economic status [SES] and lifestyle risk factors) associated with body composition, including bone health, as well as predictors of change in body composition in African adults in the North West Province of South Africa. Methods The first study that forms part of this thesis was a longitudinal study aimed at examining the effects of urbanization, socio-economic status and lifestyle factors on changes in body composition over 5 years in rural and urban black South African adults. A total of 1058 men and women above age 30 years from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study were included in this study. The second study to form part of this thesis aimed to examine the association between body composition and bone health in urban black South African women. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic and lifestyle information including medication and tobacco use. This second study is cross-sectional in design and it included 189 postmenopausal women aged > 43 years old. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess bone mineral density, lean mass and fat mass, while structured and specific questionnaires were used to assess the habitual physical activity, food frequency and fracture risk. Habitual activity energy expenditure was also measured using an accelerometer with a combined heart rate monitor. The third study aimed to examine the association of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration, respectively, with the metabolic syndrome while controlling for adiposity in black women in the North West Province, South Africa. This third study is also cross-sectional in design and it included 209 HIV-negative urban women. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess adiposity, while habitual physical activity was accessed with questionnaire and habitual activity energy expenditure was also measured using an accelerometer with a combined heart rate monitor. Results Study 1: Over a 5-year period, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference increased in both genders, but the change was significant for BMI (P<0.01) and waist circumference (P<0.001) in women only, indicating an increase in adiposity over time. Urban residency positively predicted changes in waist circumference in men (p < 0.05) and women (p < 0.001) as well as change in triceps skinfold thickness of men (p < 0.05). Being married positively predicted changes in BMI (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.001) in men, while age negatively predicted changes in triceps skinfold thickness in women (p < 0.001). Study 2: Fat mass and lean mass were significantly positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk when adjusted for potential confounders. However, lean mass and not fat mass remained significantly associated with femoral neck BMD (β = 0.49, p <0.001), spine BMD (β = 0.48, p< 0.0001) and hip BMD (β = 0.59, p< 0.0001). Lean mass was also negatively associated with fracture risk (β = -0.19 p =0.04) when both lean and fat mass were in the same model. Study 3: After adjusting for age, body fat, habitual physical activity, tobacco use and season, neither 25(OH)D nor PTH concentrations showed significant associations with having the metabolic syndrome. However, when body fat was replaced with waist circumference there was a weak positive association between 25(OH)D concentration and the metabolic syndrome. No significant association was found between PTH:25(OH)D ratio and the metabolic syndrome. Conclusion This thesis has highlighted that the prevalence of obesity among black South Africans is high particularly among women and urbanization played a significant role in the increasing adiposity of black South Africans in the North West province. Lean mass had a stronger association with bone health in comparison to fat mass in urban black South African women. Low 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with the metabolic syndrome while there was no significant association between PTH and the metabolic syndrome in our black South African women. / PhD (Dietetics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Background In South Africa, as in many other developing countries, obesity has become a major health problem causing an increase in the incidence and prevalence of various non-communicable diseases. Research has shown that excess adiposity is associated with low vitamin D status and detrimental to bone health. Low vitamin D status has been linked to various non-communicable diseases which includes osteoporosis, and also the metabolic syndrome. Information is scarce on the role of lean mass and fat mass on bone health in the black South African population. There is also a shortage of data on the association between vitamin D status and the metabolic syndrome in the South African population. Aim The main aim of this study was to examine factors (vitamin D status, socio-economic status [SES] and lifestyle risk factors) associated with body composition, including bone health, as well as predictors of change in body composition in African adults in the North West Province of South Africa. Methods The first study that forms part of this thesis was a longitudinal study aimed at examining the effects of urbanization, socio-economic status and lifestyle factors on changes in body composition over 5 years in rural and urban black South African adults. A total of 1058 men and women above age 30 years from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study were included in this study. The second study to form part of this thesis aimed to examine the association between body composition and bone health in urban black South African women. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic and lifestyle information including medication and tobacco use. This second study is cross-sectional in design and it included 189 postmenopausal women aged > 43 years old. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess bone mineral density, lean mass and fat mass, while structured and specific questionnaires were used to assess the habitual physical activity, food frequency and fracture risk. Habitual activity energy expenditure was also measured using an accelerometer with a combined heart rate monitor. The third study aimed to examine the association of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration, respectively, with the metabolic syndrome while controlling for adiposity in black women in the North West Province, South Africa. This third study is also cross-sectional in design and it included 209 HIV-negative urban women. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess adiposity, while habitual physical activity was accessed with questionnaire and habitual activity energy expenditure was also measured using an accelerometer with a combined heart rate monitor. Results Study 1: Over a 5-year period, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference increased in both genders, but the change was significant for BMI (P<0.01) and waist circumference (P<0.001) in women only, indicating an increase in adiposity over time. Urban residency positively predicted changes in waist circumference in men (p < 0.05) and women (p < 0.001) as well as change in triceps skinfold thickness of men (p < 0.05). Being married positively predicted changes in BMI (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.001) in men, while age negatively predicted changes in triceps skinfold thickness in women (p < 0.001). Study 2: Fat mass and lean mass were significantly positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk when adjusted for potential confounders. However, lean mass and not fat mass remained significantly associated with femoral neck BMD (β = 0.49, p <0.001), spine BMD (β = 0.48, p< 0.0001) and hip BMD (β = 0.59, p< 0.0001). Lean mass was also negatively associated with fracture risk (β = -0.19 p =0.04) when both lean and fat mass were in the same model. Study 3: After adjusting for age, body fat, habitual physical activity, tobacco use and season, neither 25(OH)D nor PTH concentrations showed significant associations with having the metabolic syndrome. However, when body fat was replaced with waist circumference there was a weak positive association between 25(OH)D concentration and the metabolic syndrome. No significant association was found between PTH:25(OH)D ratio and the metabolic syndrome. Conclusion This thesis has highlighted that the prevalence of obesity among black South Africans is high particularly among women and urbanization played a significant role in the increasing adiposity of black South Africans in the North West province. Lean mass had a stronger association with bone health in comparison to fat mass in urban black South African women. Low 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with the metabolic syndrome while there was no significant association between PTH and the metabolic syndrome in our black South African women. / PhD (Dietetics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

En människas identitet i relation till psykisk ohälsa, arbetsliv och den sociala omgivningen innebär en komplex social konstruktion.En konstruktionsompräglas av att en människa bildar sin självuppfattning i relation till andra människor i det sociala samspelet, vilket den interaktionistiska teoritraditionen menar.I denna uppsats förhåller jag mig dels till Erwing Goffmans teori om ́Stigma ́, dels till Anselm L. Strauss teori om ́Identitet ́ med fokus på ́vändpunkter ́ och ́statusövergångar ́. Den tidigare forskningen visar på attfördomar, stigmatisering och diskriminering i samband med fenomenetpsykisk ohälsa är vanligt förekommande.Dessutom finns det negativa attityder gentemot sjukskrivna och socialbidragstagare. Detta kan i sin tur påverka huruvida personer som har eller har haft erfarenheter av psykisk ohälsa lyckas få och behålla en anställning på den svenska arbetsmarknaden.Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka huren individssubjektiva identitetsupplevelseförändras i samband med att denne får ett lönearbetenär dennehar erfarenhetav psykisk ohälsa. Det handlar således om att försöka förstå vilkenbetydelse som en ett lönearbetekan få för vissa individer. Men även vilkenbetydelse som socialt stöd och den sociala omgivningens bemötande har i processen att ”ta sig tillbaka”.Det empiriska materialet baseras påfyra semi-struktureradeintervjuer med personer som har haft erfarenheter av psykisk ohälsa men som numera också har behållit en anställning under den längre tid. Den analysmetod som användes var Grounded Theory. Det framgickatt ens subjektiva identitetsupplevelse förändrades på så vis att man insåg att en människa är så mycket mer än bara en psykiatrisk diagnos. Förändringenmöjliggjordes genom att anställningeninnebar att en dörr öppnades för att finna en ny roll och en ny mening i tillvaron. Den sociala omgivningens betydelse handlade om socialt stöd och bemötande. Förändringen av ens identitetsupplevelse skedde i takt med återhämtningsprocessen och att man successivt tillfrisknade, utvecklade strategier och återfick en värderad roll i sina egna och andras ögon / A person’s identity in relation to mental illness, employment and the social environmentis a complex social construction. A construction which is characterized by the viewthat a human develop its sense of the self in relation to other people in the social interaction, as the tradition for interaction theory suggests. In this study I relate to Erwing Goffman’s theory about ́Stigma ́and to Anselm L. Strauss’theory about ́Identity ́, with a special focus on ́turningpoints ́ and ‘transitions in social positions ́. The previous research shows that prejudice, stigma and discrimination associated with the phenomenon of mentalillness are frequent in everyday life. Furthermore, there are negative attitudes toward sick-listed people and welfare recipients. This may in turn influence whether people who have or have had experience of mental illness succeed in getting and keeping a job in the Swedish Labour Market. The purpose of this paper is to examine how one’s subjective experience of identity is changing when getting an employment, when the person has experience of some kind of mental illness. It is therefore necessary to understand the importance as an employment may have for certain individuals. It is also necessary to understand the importance of social support and theresponses from thesocialenvironmentin the process of ́getting back ́. The study’s empirical base is gathered through four semi-structured interviews of people who have had experiences of mental illness but also have kept an employment during a longer time.The method of Grounded Theory was used to analyze the empirical data. The interviews revealed that one’s subjective experience of identity changed in a way that these individuals realized that a human is so much more than just a psychiatric diagnosis. The change wasmade possible by the importance of an employment, which meant that a door was opened to find a new role and a new meaning in life. The importance of the social support and the social treatment was about such as having a coordinating role, giving courage and hope. The change of one’s experience of identity was in line with the recovery process and that they gradually recovered, developed strategies and regained a valued role in their own and other’s eyes.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.