Tourism has been identified as a strategy for Indigenous communities worldwide to adopt in order to stimulate economic and social development. The goal of this research was to evaluate Aboriginal participation in tourism and the role it plays in economic and social development of Aboriginal communities. This research also addressed Aboriginal participation within the context of a mega-event, the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. The need for this research came from the common acceptance that tourism can be an effective development strategy for Aboriginal communities. However existing literature is often case-specific with limited research focusing on Canada. Additionally, limited research had addressed Aboriginal participation in Olympic planning and hosting. The goal of this research was met by examining Aboriginal tourism development in British Columbia (BC), Canada, ultimately addressing the aforementioned gaps in the literature. This research used a qualitative approach to investigate Aboriginal participation in tourism planning in British Columbia, Canada. The objectives guiding this research are as follows: (1) To identify the types of involvement; (2) To evaluate the extent of involvement; (3) To explore the relationship between Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal tourism-related businesses, associations and institutions; and (4) To identify the significance of Aboriginal tourism to the Aboriginal community, British Columbia and Canada. The findings of this research indicate that although Aboriginal tourism in BC has evolved considerably in recent years to establish a place in Non-Aboriginal tourism, it requires more support to grow the sector. As well, the Aboriginal Tourism Association of British Columbia (AtBC) appears to be guiding the future of the sector through the continued implementation of the ‘Blueprint Strategy’. This research revealed that there are still considerable barriers that inhibit Aboriginal participation in tourism. Until these barriers are addressed, an increase in Aboriginal participation in tourism, particularly in ownership and management capacities, is limited. Participants reported that Aboriginal involvement in the 2010 Winter Olympic Games was an once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to showcase Canada’s Aboriginal culture on an international stage. It also highlighted the collaborative relationships between Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal. Participants also reported that tourism could help increase cross-cultural understanding, while diversifying Aboriginal communities. Future research should be directed towards understanding the effects of increased Aboriginal participation in tourism; the role tourism can play in capacity building; and finally, the economic contributions Aboriginal tourism can make to the tourism sector. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that BC has been able to encourage and support Aboriginal participation in tourism. Although there is much opportunity to grow the sector and increase participation in ownership and management capacities, the Aboriginal tourism sector is currently being guided towards a successful future. There are many Aboriginal tourism successes happening in BC that could be used as models for other regions in Canada and around the world.

The completed research is likely to show insufficiency of physical activity in Lithuanian schools; for this reason, the number of schoolchildren distributed into special medical groups is increasing. It is not always enough to have some PE lessons to make pupils fit. Some PE lessons does not offer the solution to the problems of decreasing physical activity, poor physical health and ever – increasing sickness rate. However, the problems can be solved and the positive attitude developed by individual exercising. Due to a tendency for physical activity among the youth to decrease we raised a scientific problem which can by solved by adopting positive attitude to physical training and supplying the need for a healthy and physically active way of life. Hypothesis – The use of Olympic training programme to adopt the positive attitude towards physical training and factors which influence its development. Research aim – to examine the impact of the Olympic program on the 7-9 form pupils’ attitude towards physical self-training. Research tasks: 1. To research the attitude to physical activity, physical self-training and explain the reasons which stimulate or hinder a child’s individual exercising. 2. To evaluate the impact of the Olympic training programme on the development of the pupils’ attitude to physical self-training and factors which determine its development. 3. To examine the differences of attitude to physical self-training among different age groups. 445 7-9 form... [to full text]

XXIX olimpinės žaidynės, vykusios 2008 metais Pekino mieste buvo jau penktosios, kuriose startavo nepriklausomybę atgavusios Lietuvos sportininkai. Vasaros olimpinėse žaidynėse plento dviračių lenktynių programoje yra dvi rungtys vyrams ir moterims: grupinės ir atskiro starto lenktynės. Šioms varžyboms Lietuvos dviratininkai rengėsi specialiai, vykdydami programoje „Pekinas-2008“ numatytus uždavinius. Pekino olimpinėse žaidynėse vieno iš tiriamųjų dviratininkų pasiektas rezultatas grupinių varžybų distancijoje buvo įvertintas patenkinamai. Tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai - ištirti Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo plento dviratininkų rengimąsi Pekino olimpinėms žaidynėms metiniu ciklu, nustatyti jų ugdymo ypatumus. Nustatyti Lietuvos plento dviratininkų fizinio išsivystymo rodiklių kaitą metiniu rengimosi ciklu, nustatyti Lietuvos plento dviratininkų fizinių ir funkcinių galių rodiklių kaitą metinių rengimosi ciklu, išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti jų varžybinę veiklą ir pasiektus rezultatus. Plento dviratininkų rengimo technologija yra sudėtinga, reikalaujanti iš sportininko didelių fizinių gebėjimų, funkcinio pajėgumo, laiko sąnaudų, gausaus aptarnaujančio techninio personalo. Šią sudėtingą rengimosi technologiją reikia pagrįsti moksliniais tyrimais. Buvo organizuotas dviejų Lietuvos plento dviratininkų veiklos tyrimas. Išanalizuotas fizinis krūvis, atliktas metiniu priešolimpiniu treniruočių ciklu. Pateiktos abiejų tiriamųjų dviratininkų fizinio krūvio suvestinės, išanalizuota... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Lithuanian athletes’ participation in the Games of the XXIX Olympiad in 2008, Beijing, was their fifth time participation in the Games as a delegation of independence-regained state. In Olympic Games, cycling road race consists of two events: group race and time trial race (men and women). For this race, Lithuanian riders used to prepare following the tasks set in the special preparatory program “Beijing–2008”. One investigated riders’ results, achieved in Beijing Olympic Games in group race event, received an evaluation as being satisfactory. The aim and tasks of the investigation were to study Lithuanian elite cycling road race riders’ preparation for Beijing Olympic Games in yearly training cycle, as well as to establish their training peculiarities; focus was also put on examining the change of riders’ physical development, physical and functional capacities indices in yearly preparation cycle, also – to analyze and summarize their competitive activity and achieved results. Technology of cycling road race riders’ preparation is rather complex and requires much physical and functional capacities of an athlete, as well as time expenditure and numerous technical staff. Thus, this complex preparatory technology is to be scientifically grounded. Research on two Lithuanian road race riders’ activity was performed, their physical load, carried out during yearly pre-Olympic training cycle, was analyzed. The work presents resume of both riders’ physical load; analysis on... [to full text]

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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology, in the Department of Chiropractic at the Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Introduction: National Olympic Committees (NOCs) select medical personnel to support their athletes at the Olympic Games. To best support athletes the knowledge, perception and utilisation of all medical professions is assumed to be high, however literature seems to indicate that this is not so. Objective: To determine the knowledge, perception and utilisation of Chiropractic by NOCs in order to develop a better relationship so that more athletes can benefit from Chiropractic care. Methods: A questionnaire was emailed to the 205 NOCs worldwide. Respective executive committee and medical commission members were asked to complete the questionnaires. Results: 76 NOCs responded (37%), returning 27 questionnaires. 30% of the respondents were high ranking members. 93% were highly educated with a bachelor’s degree or higher and 33% had represented their country as an athlete. Both committees agreed on the importance of a post-graduate sports qualification and perceived the profession to be one of spinal care specialists. Overall knowledge of Chiropractic was poor. A trend was observed among the medical commissions in their choice of Medical Doctors or Physiotherapists over Chiropractors and other professionals. The executive committees in contrast seemed more open-minded in their choice of professionals. No association was found between the knowledge and perception of Chiropractic and use of Chiropractic Conclusion: There is confusion regarding the role and scope of practice of Chiropractic by NOCs. In order to achieve a greater level of acceptance and utilisation of Chiropractic in international sports medical teams the profession needs to clarify their role, better educate NOC members on the benefits of Chiropractic, and obtain sports specific post-graduate programmes that are recognised internationally.

This paper examines the development of income in the tourist generating coun-tries, the relative prices controlled for the exchange rate, and the distance in kilo-meters between the capital in the origin countries and Athens as determinants of international tourism demand for Greece. By the deployment of an OLS log-linear regression model coupled with annual cross-section data for the period between 1998 and 2007, the desired effects could be captured. The results from this study indicates that after 2004, both the importance of income in the tourist generating countries and distance between the countries of origin and Athens have expe-rienced a quantum drop in importance as determinants of international tourism demand for Greece. Furthermore, the elasticities of these factors remained at the new level throughout the remaining period studied. This suggests that the respec-tive elasticities have reached a new plateau after 2004 where the impact on inter-national tourism demand is less sensitive to changes in these specific factors. Final-ly, the investments made in infrastructure supporting the Olympic Games have the possibility to benefit the T&T sector in Greece for an extended period of time going forward.

This research comprises three interconnected studies that, when considered together, attend to the dissertation’s purpose of presenting an integrated conceptual framework for ambush marketing in the Olympic Games. This has been accomplished in two ways: (1) the use of institutional theory, supported by network theory, as a lens to view and understand evolutionary processes in Olympic sponsorship and ambush marketing and (2) the use of grounded theory to build a conceptual framework of ambush marketing from the findings. Broadly, the model suggests the evolution of ambush marketing is partially impacted by, and an outcome of, institutional forces and considerations. Study I examines the process of institutionalization in the evolution of Olympic sponsorship during its most critical period of growth. It is argued that three key periods of change for sponsorship and two for ambush marketing exist during this time. Furthermore, these periods of change, most specifically concerning anti-ambush marketing practices, suggest the institutionalization of anti-ambush marketing legislation in the Olympic Games. Study II examines how Olympic ambush marketing stakeholder power and transfer of sponsorship and ambush marketing knowledge has influenced institutional processes toward the state of anti-ambush legislation as institutionalized brand protection. Centrality measures suggest the International Olympic Committee and Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games demonstrate the greatest stakeholder influence within the Olympic ambush marketing network. It is further argued the influence resulting from the structure of Olympic ambush marketing networks impacts the institutional processes of objectification and sedimentation. Study III examines the contemporary state of Olympic sponsorship evidenced by institutionalized legislated brand protection. While direct marketing implications of anti-ambush marketing legislation are minimal, it is argued the practice represents a portion of a regime of brand protection and that public relations outcomes of legislated brand protection must be carefully managed as part of a brand management strategy. Similarly, proportionality and managing expectations are arguably important in the understanding and application of such laws. Finally it is suggested that while the Olympic Movement may be viewed as an early adopter of anti-ambush legislation in the mega-event field, the individual character of each Olympic Games will interfere with complete isomorphism.

Melbourne is making a concerted bid to obtain the centenary 1996 Olympic Games. While much of its bid is occupied with explanations of the city’s ability to meet the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) requirements, it is underpinned by a common theme that the city possesses a unique quality of “Friendliness”. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (M.M.A.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [168]-182).

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-122). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.