Les grues à tour sont des engins de levage utilisés de manière cyclique sur les chantiers de construction. De ce fait, la prise en compte du phénomène de fatigue dans le dimensionnement des charpentes de grue est primordiale. La fatigue est usuellement considérée dans les normes au moyen de règles déterministes ayant pour but de garantir l’intégrité de la structure sous diverses conditions d’utilisation. Bien que cette approche fournisse des résultats satisfaisants dans la plupart des cas, celle-ci ne permet pas d’évaluer le niveau de fiabilité des éléments de charpente en fonction de leur durée d’exploitation. De ce point de vue, les approches probabilistes permettent de pallier cette difficulté en proposant des outils pertinents servant à caractériser et à propager les incertitudes liées à la fatigue au travers d’un modèle mécanique. Une approche probabiliste originale permettant la prise en compte des incertitudes liées à la fatigue dans le dimensionnement des charpentes de grues à tour est proposée dans ce manuscrit. La méthode proposée est basée sur la définition de deux densités de probabilité représentant respectivement les variabilités liées à la résistance des joints soudés d’une part, et les nombreuses dispersions associées à la sollicitation des éléments de charpente d’autre part. La définition de la densité de probabilité de résistance repose sur la capitalisation d’un grand nombre de résultats d’essais d’endurance sur structures soudées, tandis que la définition de la distribution de sollicitation est basée sur une modélisation à deux niveaux tenant compte de divers jeux de données collectés sur chantier. Les résultats de l’analyse de fiabilité présentée dans ce manuscrit démontrent la pertinence des approches probabilistes dans le cadre du dimensionnement en fatigue des éléments de charpente de grue à tour. / Tower cranes are lifting appliances which are cyclically used on construction sites. Thus, the consideration of the fatigue phenomenon in the design of crane structural members is essential. This phenomenon is usually taken into account in standards by means of deterministic rules enabling to ensure structural safety under various operating conditions. Although it provides satisfactory results in most cases, the deterministic approach do not enable to evaluate the reliability of crane structural members according to their operating time. From this point of view, probabilistic approaches allow to overcome this difficulty by proposing relevant tools enabling to characterize and propagate uncertainties related to fatigue through a mechanical model. An original probabilistic approach enabling the consideration of the uncertainties related to crane members fatigue design is proposed in this manuscript. It relies on the definition of two probability density functions related respectively to the strength variability of crane welded joints on one hand, and the dispersion of operating conditions (stress) on this other hand. The definition of the strength distribution stems from the capitalization of various welded joint fatigue test results, while the characterization of the stress distribution relies on the analysis of various data sets coming from crane monitoring performed on different construction sites. The results coming from the reliability analysis presented in this manuscript show the relevance of probabilistic approaches in the frame of tower crane structural members fatigue design.

No description available.

The thesis deals with the inbound senior tourism. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the supply of package tours for seniors in the Czech Republic on the basis of the information recorded by the available resources. The other objective is to collect detailed information about senior tourism and to propose appropriate inbound package tours for seniors in the Czech republic on the basis of collected data. The concepts related to the senior tourism and specifics of the senior tourism are defined in the theoretical part of this thesis. The supply of package tours for seniors in the Czech Republic is analyzed in practical part. Web pages of the Czech inbound tour operators and questionnaires in particular are used to collect data. SWOT analysis is used to evaluate current supply. Examples of good practice from both foreign and Czech travel agencies are also mentioned in this thesis. In the conclusion, recommendations about appropriate package tours for seniors are designed on the basis of the primary and secondary data

Hauntology Man, a 48-minute documentary, follows former UNT Professor, Dr. Shaun Treat, as he leads a walking ghost tour of downtown Denton, Texas. As the expedition moves from storefront to storefront, each stop elicits a new tale. But, as Dr. Treat points out, the uncertainties of history are the real ghosts. That is, rather than simply presenting a "haunted history" of Denton, it's more accurate to say this movie's center resides at the precipice of a "haunting history." Not all ghost stories need spectres. Sometimes not knowing is ghost enough.

The thesis deals with the creation of a three-dimensional virtual view with the use of the new WebGL standard in combination with O3D javascript framework. The result is freely available web application which generates a virtual tour of sent series of photographs. Afterwards, the photographs are processed by the server, which on the basis of found corresponding points creates 3D scene. The application is based on a freeware application Bundler [40] which is used for identifying 3D points in uploaded photographs and related cameras (the places from which the photographs were taken). Bundler outputs are processed by Jetty web server with the use of Java script. At this point, all data required for the creation of a view are gathered. The display of the final result is then realized via HTML5, CSS, WebGL and Javascript using O3D.

The main subject of this thesis it to improve the communication mix of selected tour operator LAYNO Tour s.r.o.. This tour operator is focused on young people. This thesis is systematically divided into three parts. First part contains the theoretical interpretation, defines important terms of marketing and communication mix, and presents a theoretical framework for the two following parts. The selected company is introduced in the second part. This part also deals with processing and evaluating of the analysis of internal and external environment, current level of marketing mix and communication mix of the tour operator. The findings from these analyzes are summarized using SWOT analysis. In the third part, based on the outputs of the analytical part, a proposals of specific tools of the communication mix are presented to be applied.

Si les neurosciences connaissent d’importants progrès dans l’imagerie et le génotypage, le phénotypage repose encore largement sur des échelles visuelles. Le phénotype chez l’homme repose principalement sur son style perceptivo-moteur qui donne une empreinte à la marche, la posture, l’équilibre, l’habilité des membres supérieurs, les mouvements oculaires etc. La marche, fonction complexe et fondamentale de l’être humain, implique l’ensemble du système musculo-squelettique, le système nerveux central et périphérique ainsi que les organes sensoriels. Elle est le produit d’un patron de marche automatique et inconscient modulé par le tronc cérébral, les noyaux gris centraux et par des retours sensitifs (visuels, proprioceptives, vestibulaires et épicritiques). Enfin, la marche est aussi sous contrôle volontaire. Le phénotypage quantitatif de la marche suppose la construction préalable de bases de données de signaux de marche d’un nombre élevé (centaines) de sujets et de patients. Ceci peut être mené à bien grâce à des outils de mesure simples d’utilisation et adaptés à la pratique médicale de routine. Il existe plusieurs moyens pour phénotyper la marche mais le capteur inertiel, en raison de son prix, de sa souplesse d’utilisation et de l’accès aux données brutes est un outil particulièrement adapté pour l’étude de la marche en consultation de routine. Les capteurs inertiels permettent le calcul de nombreux paramètres. L’exercice de marche de 10 m aller/retour à vitesse de confort départ arrêté donne accès aux différentes phases de la marche (initiation, croisière, demi-tour) dans des conditions de consultation de routine. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail est d’approcher les mécanismes d’adaptation des personnes à des perturbations à différents niveaux anatomiques des structures impliquées dans la marche. Nous abordons cette question par un phénotypage quantitatif à partir du signal de capteurs inertiels recueilli sur des patients au cours d’un exercice de marche de 10 m aller/retour en consultation clinique de routine. Nous avons étudié successivement la marche de patients atteints d’arthrose du membre inférieur comme modèle d’adaptation de la marche à la douleur, puis la marche dans la maladie de Parkinson comme modèle d’atteinte du système de la mise en place des procédures motrices, enfin, la locomotion des patients hémiparétiques à la suite d’un accident vasculaire cérébral hémisphérique comme modèle d’atteinte de la commande volontaire. Nous montrons que la douleur dans l’arthrose du membre inférieur mène à une rigidification globale de la cinématique corporelle. Cette rigidification est prépondérante sur le membre atteint. Elle traduit la perte des synergies musculaires par la mise en place de boucle-réflexe anti-douleur. Nous démontrons que ces modifications sont corrélées à la sévérité clinique de l’arthrose. Pour analyser la régularité de la marche dans la maladie de Parkinson indépendamment des variabilités inter-individuelles du patron de marche nous avons développé un outil de visualisation de l’exercice de marche. La maladie de Parkinson affecte en particulier la régularité de la marche. Notre travail apporte la preuve que cette irrégularité est corrélée à la sévérité des symptômes chez les patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson. Nous montrons enfin qu’une lésion du cortex dans l’accident vasculaire hémisphérique provoque un changement de stratégie dans le demi-tour. Comme d’autres, nous faisons l’hypothèse que les stratégies de demi-tours sont en partie stockées dans le cortex frontal et que les hémisphères droit et gauche ne jouent pas un rôle symétrique. Nous montrons que le choix de stratégie de demi-tour est corrélé avec la survenue de chutes à 6 mois et pourrait constituer un nouvel élément pour orienter la rééducation. (...) / In the field of neurosciences, significant improvement has been made in the last decades in imaging and genotyping. However, phenotyping remains stagnant at the state of visual observation or visual grading scales. The human phenotype is made up of locomotion (gait, posture and displacement of daily living), upper-limb fine and rough movements, eye movements, language, cognition and complex social behaviors. Gait is a central function in humans, implying volitional, emotional and automatic processes. It involves the whole musculoskeletal system as well as the central and the peripheral nervous system including sensory organs. Building a gait phenotyping system implies setting up a database of gait signals of many (hundreds) of subjects and patients. This goal can be achieved with user-friendly devices deployed in routine medical practice. For instance, inertial measurement units (IMUs) are a valid tool to measure spatio-temporal gait parameters and are adapted to routine medical use. The 10-meter walking test forward and back at self-selected walking speed is adapted to routine testing at the doctor’s office. It allows for measuring gait initiation, gait cruise, gait termination and a 180° turn. In that context, beyond technical challenges, the aim of this work was to address the question How does the central nervous system adapt to an external alteration on various levels in the command chain of gait? To answer this question, we studied sequentially the IMU signal of gait spatio-temporal kinematics in lower-limb osteoarthritis as a model of gait affected by pain, in Parkinson disease as a model of a lesion of the central nervous system muscle tone regulator and finally, in post-hemispheric stroke as a model of lesions of brain structures responsible for volitional locomotion. Secondary clinical questions were How can the severity of a disease be objectively graded with gait kinematics? and How can locomotion kinematics participate in the fall risk prediction in frail populations? In osteoarthritis, we showed that pain in lower-limb osteoarthritis led to a global stiffness of the body during locomotion. This stiffness was preponderant on the affected limbs and led to the loss of muscular synergies by the establishment of anti-pain reflexes as a reaction to pain. This change was correlated with the severity of lower-limb osteoarthritis. In Parkinson disease, to analyze gait regularity independently from inter-individual gait signature, we constructed a novel gait visualization tool and show that a lesion of the muscle tone regulator in Parkinson disease affects gait regularity. This regularity was associated with disease symptoms. Finally, in stroke, we showed that a lesion in the cortex implied a change in the 180° turning stepping, a volitional task. In line with other authors, we hypothesized that locomotion patterns could be generated in the frontal cortex and that the right and left frontal cortex did not have a symmetric role. We showed specific stepping patterns associated more with risk of fall, which could constitute a new argument to orientate rehabilitation. Altogether then, this work suggests that simple measuring hardware (here IMUs), with appropriate signal processing, allowed for decomposing and quantifying complex behavioral tasks (here locomotion) in daily hospital settings.

No description available.

This thesis analyses the Spanish part of Philipp Sigmund of Dietrichstein's grand tour which took place from 1671 to 1672, examining various archival sources, such as correspondence, spending overviews, instructions, and route plans. It looks into the motivations behind and circumstances of the grand tour, describing its participants, course, and Philipp Sigmund's activities in Spain. A key part of the thesis is an edition of transliterated correspondence from the journey to Spain, including an analysis of internal and external characteristics of the letters. Keywords: grand tour, traveling, Spain, Dietrichstein, Philipp Sigmund of Dietrichstein, 17th century, aristocracy

Syftet med studien är att undersöka följares attityder mot Ving, TUI och Apollos inlägg på Facebook och hur de tolkas utifrån kundlojalitet och e-lojalitet. Det undersöks även hur researrangörer uttrycker lojalitet via deras facebooksida. Kundlojalitet baseras på Olivers (1999) teori och e-lojalitet baseras på “8C’s” som har tagits fram av Srinivasan, Anderson & Ponnavolu (2002). Studien grundar sig i en netnografisk analys för att få en översikt och grundläggande kunskaper om researrangörernas kommunikation på Facebook. Analysen visar att de inlägg som publiceras har skillnader och likheter när det gäller den typ av lojalitet som researrangörerna uttrycker. TUI och Apollo fokuserar mest på konativ lojalitet till skillnad från Ving som fokuserar på affektiv lojalitet. Studien baseras även på semistrukturerade intervjuer vilket anses lämpligt för att få djupare förståelse. Teorierna tillämpas genom en mängd frågor som ställs till respondenterna under intervjuerna. Det framkommer att följarnas attityder gentemot Apollo verkar annorlunda till skillnad från attityderna mot Ving och TUI. När det gäller e-lojalitet verkar Ving och TUI uppfylla flera av de "8C" baserat på följarnas attityder. Apollo har inte visat sig lika starka på den fronten. Denna studie visar liknande resultat som tidigare forskning men de överensstämmer inte helt i alla aspekter. / The purpose of this study is to examine the follower's attitudes towards Ving, TUI and Apollos posts on Facebook and how they are interpreted based on the customer loyalty and e-loyalty. It also examines how the tour operators express loyalty through their facebookpage. The customer loyalty are based on Oliver’s (1999) theory and e-loyalty is based on the “8C’s” that have been developed by Srinivasan, Anderson & Ponnavolu (2002). The study is based on a netnographic analysis to get an overview and basic knowledge of the tour operators communication on Facebook. The analysis shows that the posts have differences and similarities in terms of loyalty to the tour operators’ words. TUI and Apollo mostly focus on the conative loyalty, unlike Ving where the focus is on affective loyalty. The study is also based on semistructured interviews which is appropriate in order to gain a deeper understanding. The theories are applied through a variety of questions that have been asked to the respondents during their interviews. It appears that customers' attitudes towards Apollo appear to be different from the attitudes towards Ving and TUI. About e-loyalty, Ving and TUI seem to fulfill several of the "8C’s" based on the customers attitudes. Apollo has not proved that they are as strong as the other two. This study shows a similar result as the previous studies but they don't fully agree in all aspects.