Denna studie har utförts med syfte att studera resultatutvecklingen, utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv, vad gäller övning av förmågan i att direkt läsa musik, också att undersöka orsaker vad gäller variation i resultatet vid övning ia prima vista-läsning av musik.Data och information har insamlats genom videoobservation vid 11 tillfällen och genom loggboksanteckningar vid samtliga 38 övningstillfällen. Det hermeneutiska perspektivet centrerat kring teorier av Gadamer och Ricœur har använts för att analysera händelseförloppen vid de dokumenterade övningspassen. I resultatet visas att vissa studerade parametrar så som läshastighet och antal repetitioner av toner eller passager blev måttligt förändrade samtidigt som parametrar så som antal fel spelade under varje övningspass förblev oförändrade under tiden för studien. Det visas också att vissa parametrar relaterade till god förmåga till a prima vista-spel blev utvecklade under övningsperioden. I diskussionen sätts upptäckterna i analysen och resultatet i relation till presenterad forskning samt utifrån det teoretiska perspektivet. / This study have been executed with the purpose to examine the progress of the results during the study of the ability to sight-read music from a hermeneutic perspective, and also to examine the occurring variations in the results during sight-reading practice. The data and information have been collected through 11 occasions of observation via video and all 38 of the practice sessions were documented in the form of logbook. The hermeneutic perspective centered around the theories presented by Gadamer and Ricœur have been used to analyze the sequence of events presented by the collected information. The results show that some of the studied parameters such as the speed of the reading and the number of repetitions of notes or passages became moderately changed while parameters such as the number of wrong notes played during each practice session remained unchanged during the course of the study. There are also parameters related to good sight-reading ability that show great change under the time of study. In the discussion the results are compared to presented research on the subject. Further analysis of the material were made with the help of the theoretical perspective.

Les systèmes radar à synthèse d’ouverture (RSO) sont utilisés depuis de nombreuses années pour des applications militaires telles que la détection des cibles cachées. L’amélioration constante de la résolution de ces capteurs permet aujourd’hui d’accéder à un niveau de détail élevé dans la scène imagée. Cependant, l’interprétation de ces images demeure particulièrement compliquée dans le cas des milieux urbains. En effet, ces milieux particuliers sont sièges de nombreux phénomènes physiques et d’interactions multiples qui rendent la tâche de détection difficile et parfois erronée. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit cette thèse. L’objectif est d’étudier la faisabilité de détection d’une cible en non visée directe du capteur à l’intérieur d’une scène simple et représentative du milieu urbain: le canyon urbain. Une étude sur la phénoménologie de propagation électromagnétique à l’intérieur des canyons urbains est menée à l’aide de mesures en environnement contrôlé à échelle réduite. Ces mesures ont permis la validation d’un outil électromagnétique commercial pour l’étude de la propagation d’une configuration à échelle réelle. Se basant sur les résultats de simulation du code électromagnétique validé, un outil maison, dédié à la prédiction des zones de détection d’une cible à l’intérieur d’un canyon urbain et à l’analyse de la signature électromagnétique correspondante, a été développé et validé. En outre, ce code contribue à l’interprétation complète de données radiométriques et interférométriques d’une scène urbaine réelle. / Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems have been used since many years for military applications such as the detection of hidden targets. With improved resolutions of these systems, high level of details can be distinguished in the corresponding images. However, some difficulties are encountered when analyzing the SAR images of urban areas. In particular, in these areas, many physical phenomena and interactions occur that make the detection of a target a challenging task. In this framework, the goal of the thesis is to investigate the feasibility of detecting Non Line Of Sight targets inside a simple and representative scene: the urban canyon. A study of the electromagnetic (EM) phenomenology of propagation inside urban canyons has been performed using indoor data at a reduced scale. These data allowed the validation of an EM commercial tool that studies the EM propagation at a real scale. Based on the results of simulation of this code, an in-house code was developed dedicated to predict the detection of a target inside an urban canyon and to analyze the corresponding EM signature. Moreover, this code contributed to a full interpretation of InSAR data of a real complex urban scene with targets.

Path-following is a primary task for most marine, air or space crafts, especially during autonomous operations. Research on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) has received large interests in the last few decades with research incentives emerging from the safe, cost-effective and practical solutions provided by their applications such as search and rescue, inspection and monitoring of pipe-lines ans sub-sea structures. This thesis presents a novel guidance system based on the popular line-of-sight (LOS) guidance law for path-following (PF) of underwater vehicles (UVs) subject to environmental disturbances. Mathematical modeling and dynamics of (UVs) is presented first. This is followed by a comprehensive literature review on guidance-based path-following control of marine vehicles, which includes revised definitions of the track-errors and more detailed illustrations of the general PF problem. A number of advances on relative equations of motion are made, which include an improved understanding of the fluid FLOW frame and expression of its motion states, an analytic method of modeling the signs of forces and moments and the proofs of passivity and boundedness of relative UV systems in 3-D. The revision in the relative equations of motion include the concept of state relativity, which is an improved understanding of relativity of motion states expressed in reference frames and is also useful in incorporating environmental disturbances. In addition, the concept of drift rate is introduced along with a revision on the angles of motion in 3-D. A switching mechanism was developed to overcome a drawback of a LOS guidance law, and the linear and nonlinear stability results of the LOS guidance laws have been provided, where distinctions are made between straight and curved PF cases. The guidance system employs the unique formulation and solution of the speed allocation problem of allocating a desired speed vector into x and y components, and the course control that employs the slip angle for desired heading for disturbance rejection. The guidance system and particularly the general course control problem has been extended to 3-D with the new definition of vertical-slip angle. The overall guidance system employing the revised relative system model, course control and speed allocation has performed well during path-following under strong ocean current and/or wave disturbances and measurement noises in both 2-D and 3-D scenarios. In 2-D and 3-D 4 degrees-of-freedom models (DOF), the common sway-underactuated and fully actuated cases are considered, and in 3-D 5-DOF model, sway and heave underactuated and fully actuated cases are considered. Stability results of the LOS guidance laws include the semi-global exponential stability (SGES) of the switching LOS guidance and enclosure-based LOS guidance for straight and curved paths, and SGES of the loolahead-based LOS guidance laws for curved paths. Feedback sliding mode and PID controllers are applied during PF providing a comparison between them, and simulations are carried out in MatLab.

This thesis researches Kāpō Māori (Māori who are blind or sight impaired) and their pursuit of Te Reo Māori. Te Reo Māori is a very significant cultural marker for Kāpō Māori to identify themselves as Māori. Kāpō Māori face many challenges, challenges that are unknown to the mainstream. The thesis surveys the fortunes of Te Reo Māori as it struggles to survive and find acceptance in Aotearoa/New Zealand, outlines attitudes towards disabled persons, who suffer discrimination and marginalisation, and summarises the story of the Blind in Aotearoa/New Zealand, especially through the history of The Royal New Zealand Foundation of the Blind, to provide context for the challenges faced by Kāpō Māori. For Kāpō Māori, discrimination and marginalisation is increased because all Māori suffer the disabilities that are a result of colonisation. The thesis sets out a methodology for field research, and draws from interviews with research participants to present the experiences of Kāpō Māori. This thesis provides an insight into the issues Kāpō Māori encounter when trying to engage Kāpō Māori , and draws those issues forward from darkness, where they are unknown, into the world of light by providing Kāpō Māori with a forum for discussion of these issues.

The majority of the road infrastructure in developing countries consists oftwo-lane highways with one lane in each travel direction. Operational efficiency of these highways is derived fromintermittent passing zones where fast vehicles are permitted by design to pass slow vehicles using the opposite traffic lane. Passing zonescontributeto reduction oftravel delay and queuing of fast vehiclesbehind slow vehicles. Thishoweverincreases crash risks between passing and opposite vehiclesespecially at high traffic volumesdue to reduction of passing opportunities.Reduction of passing-related crash risks is therefore a primary concern ofpolicy makers, planners, and highway design engineers. Despite the wide application of passing zones on two-lane highways, there is limited knowledge on the underlying causal mechanisms that exacerbate crash risks, and the essential tools to assess safety of the passing zones. This thesis presentsa methodology to appraisesafety of two-lane rural highways based on observed operation of passing zones.Theproposed methodology takes into accountthe impact of traffic and geometric factors onthe rate passing maneuvers end insidepassing zonesand in the no-passing zones, adequacy ofthe designpassing sight distance,and time-to-collision at the end of passing maneuvers.Thethesis is comprised offive papers addressing capacity and safety aspectsof passing zoneson two-lane rural highways. Paper Ipresents a review of the literature on capacity and safety of passing zones. Paper IIdiscusses adequacy of the design passing sight distance based on the sight distance required to complete a passing maneuverusing observed data. Paper IIIdiscusses formulation, estimation, and application of a model to predict the passing rate using geometric and traffic factors, and applications. Paper IVdiscusses risk appraisal of the passing process based on the probability to complete passing maneuvers with time-to-collision less than 3.0 seconds taking into account the accepted gap in the opposite direction and the passing duration. Paper Vdiscusses formulation and estimation of models to predict the probability and the rate at which passing maneuvers end in a no-passing zone, and applications. Resultsshow that passing zones of lengths between 1.30and 2.50km aregood for both operational efficiency and safety.Passing zones of lengths between 0.50and 1.30km exhibitincreasing crash risks resulting from delayed passing maneuvers thatend in the no-passing zone where the sight distance is limited to evadepotential collisions. Safety of these passing zones could be enhanced with additional signage to indicate the farthestpoint along a passing zone that maneuvers can be initiated so as not to end in a no-passing zone. Passing zones less than 0.50km compel drivers to commence passing maneuvers close to the beginning of the passing zone,and should be avoided during design for safety reasons. The results further show that the passing rate depends on the length of the passing zone, absolute vertical grade, traffic volume in two travel directions, directional split, 85thpercentile speed of free flow vehicles,and percent of heavy vehicles in the subject direction. The peak-passing rate also known as the passing capacity occurs at 200, 220, and 240vph in the subject direction for 50/50, 55/45, and 60/40directional splits, respectively. The rate at which passing maneuvers end in a no-passing zone increaseswith traffic volume and unequal distribution of traffic in two directions, absolute vertical grade, and percent of heavy vehiclesin the subject direction. The thesis furtherdiscusses practical applications of the study findings in highway planning and design to enhancesafety and improve operational efficiency of two-lane rural highways. / <p>QC 20151106</p>

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of iconic-based rhythmic instruction on middle school instrumentalists' ability to read rhythms at sight in the preparation of music for sight-reading. One hundred thirty-one middle school students from 12 randomly assigned bands in the Midwestern United States provided data for a pretest-posttest control-group design. Of the 12 participating middle schools, four schools served as the control group (n= 42), four schools delivered rhythmic instruction using iconic-based methods (n= 42), and four schools delivered isolated rhythmic training using symbolic-based methods (n= 47).Using adjusted pretest scores from a researcher-constructed rhythm test (Rhythm Sight-Reading Performance Ability), the Musical Aptitude Profile (1995), and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (1999), results of an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that no group obtained a significant difference on the posttest mean scores from the rhythmic performance test (F= 1.940, df= 1, 107, p= .149). Because results from individual schools showed considerable variation, other variables were observed to see if they were significant. Findings from an ANCOVA revealed that the individual school was significant (F= 3.141, df= 9, 107, p= .002).To verify the relationship found between the individual school and the posttest measurement, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was run with the pretest and posttest scores serving as repeated measures. The results indicate that a significant interaction between the individual school and the pretest to posttest measurement exists. In light of these findings, it is speculated that the key to improving a student's rhythm-reading ability may be dependent not only on the method, but also on the quality of instructional delivery. / School of Music

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3618018 bytes, checksum: 9c10bd9fae6a622e971d302e5d5c417c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The current job Market demands, increasingly, instrumentalists with skills and theoretical and practical knowledge in various styles and musical genres. This situation brings up new questions and concerns in music scientific research. From the dialogue between the subareas of Musical Education and Performance, emerges the subarea of Pedagogy of Musical Instrument that investigates tools and pedagogical practices inherent to the instrumentalists teaching and learning process. Its purpose is to make this context even more reflective and skillful in adapting to the different styles in which the instrument can communicate its musical art. In case of formal education in classical guitar instrument the can appropriate and transmit music in its various ways the practice of sight-reading becomes an issue facing the needs of this instrument that is essentially soloist. However, the increased participation of the guitar in chamber music groups has set the sight-reading as an important tool for the preparation of the performance. This work shows the importance of sight-reading in the classical guitarists formation process and aims to present, analyze and reflect on issues about teaching and learning of sight-reading in the classical guitarists formation process. The research methodology is based on a qualitative approach and uses bibliographic and documental research, semi-structured interviews with expert classical guitarists at the sight-reading such as Eduardo Fernández, Eduardo Meirinhos, Fábio Zanon, Mario Ulloa and Nícolas de Souza Barros. The theoretical background about Musical Cognition, Musical Education and Performance dialogues with the empirical background of the investigated expert guitarists. As a result of the research, we conclude that the classical guitar learning finds itself undergoing a conceptual and methodological transition process, but it can be improved by using several practices which can be embedded on guitarists routine in order to provide a more accurate and deliberate development of the sight-reading. / A recente demanda de formar instrumentistas mais conscientes das competências necessárias para o mercado de trabalho exige deste, habilidades, conhecimentos teórico e prático de vários estilos e gêneros, ao passo que estimula inquietações em questões de pesquisa. A subárea de conhecimento denominada Pedagogia do Instrumento emerge da necessidade de diálogo entre as a Educação musical e as Práticas Interpretativas. Investiga ferramentas e práticas pedagógicas inerentes ao ensino e aprendizagem do instrumentista. Sua finalidade é tornar este contexto mais reflexivo e hábil na adaptação com as diferentes facetas em que o instrumento pode comunicar sua arte. Especificamente tratando do violão instrumento que pode se inserir no contexto de transmissão e apropriação de música de diversas formas e da formação institucionalizada de música, a prática da leitura à primeira vista tem sido vista como um problema frente às necessidades desse instrumento musical essencialmente solista. Todavia, uma crescente demanda em grupos de câmara tem-na configurado como importante ferramenta para a otimização da preparação da performance. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar, analisar e refletir sobre questões acerca de estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem da leitura à primeira vista. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, a metodologia da pesquisa conta como principais instrumentos de coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, e entrevistas semiestruturadas com violonistas especialistas em leitura à primeira vista, entre eles Eduardo Fernández, Eduardo Meirinhos, Fábio Zanon, Mario Ulloa e Nícolas de Souza Barros. O referencial teórico de trabalhos da Cognição Musical, Educação Musical e Práticas Interpretativas foi posto em diálogo com o referencial empírico dos violonistas estudados. Como resultado, encontramos um ensino de violão que se encontra em processo de transição conceitual e metodológica, mas que pode ser complementado com diversas práticas no cotidiano do estudante, de modo a proporcionar um desenvolvimento mais acurado e deliberado da leitura à primeira vista no processo de formação do violonista.

This research explores the sensory marketing and more specifically the effect of the senses on consumers experience in the clothing distribution sector. The purpose of this paper is to understand if all the senses have an effect on the customer experience in clothing stores. To do this a primary quantitative data has been collected through a questionnaire from clothing store customers to assess the effect of different senses on their consumer experiences. The results obtained by the analyzing of the questionnaire through regression analysis concluded that there are two senses that really stand out of the lot, firstly the smell then secondly the sight.

Ler à primeira vista ao órgão é considerada uma tarefa complexa, visto que na execução do instrumento é necessário conciliar a leitura de três pentagramas e a utilização de pés e mãos simultaneamente. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar as abordagens apresentadas por organistas na tarefa de leitura à primeira vista com dois trechos contrastantes (texturas homofônica e polifônica). Estudos apontam que a diferença de textura pode influenciar o resultado na leitura à primeira vista. Outros objetivos incluem: investigar se aspectos de análise musical são utilizados conscientemente na prática da leitura à primeira vista; observar o desempenho em leitura à primeira vista com sujeitos de diferentes níveis de formação e/ou experiências musicais; identificar os aspectos observados pelos participantes referente à leitura e à autorreflexão do processo. Surgem as seguintes questões de pesquisa: o resultado da leitura à primeira vista ao órgão é mais satisfatório no trecho homofônico ou no polifônico? A autoavaliação após assistir ao vídeo modifica a percepção de sua interpretação? Dez sujeitos de idades e níveis de formação musical distintos, vinculados à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) foram selecionados. Utilizou-se questionário, filmagem das execuções dos dois trechos, duas entrevistas semiestruturadas, mostra dos vídeos das execuções para os participantes e avaliadores externos. Concluímos que a autoavaliação posterior à mostra do vídeo modificou a percepção da execução com a maioria dos participantes, mostrando-se uma ferramenta útil neste processo. Os níveis de formação não foram determinantes na textura homofônica, e a textura contrapontística foi considerada a mais difícil pela maioria. / Sight-reading on the organ is a complex task since this instrument requires one to reconcile reading in three staves while playing with feet and hands simultaneously. The purpose of this research is to investigate the approaches used by organists in a sight-reading exercise with two contrasting excerpts, one of homophonic and the other of polyphonic texture. Studies indicate that the difference in texture can influence the result of sight-reading tasks. Others goals include: to determine if aspects of musical analysis are utilized consciously during sight-reading; observe the performance in sight-reading with subjects of different levels of training and/or musical experiences; identify the aspects, observed by the participants relative to sight-reading and self-reflection. Thus, the research questions arise: Is the result of sight-reading on the organ more satisfactory in homophonic or polyphonic excerpts? Did the self-evaluation after watching the video modify the perception of their interpretations? Ten subjects of distinct ages and music backgrounds were selected, all linked to the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). A questionnaire, videos of the performance of both excerpts, two semi-structured interviews and the exhibit of the videos to the participants were used. The audios of the performances were submitted to seven external evaluators. We concluded that self-evaluation after watching their videos modified the perception of the majority of the participants, proving to be a useful tool in this process. The musical background was not determinant in the homophonic texture, and the contrapuntal texture was considered more difficult among most participants.