This thesis presents two interrelated studies that consider nutrient management and seasonal changes in recharge on agricultural lands within the context of source water protection. The research focuses first on the management of the risk to groundwater quality through the implementation of various nutrient management practices and secondly considers the dynamic nature of the transport pathway to the groundwater system associated with seasonal changes in climate and hydrology. The combined results provide insight into several of the key factors influencing the protection of groundwater sources within the agricultural landscape. Field work was completed between 2009 and 2010 on an agricultural field near the City of Woodstock, Ontario. The site is located within a source water protection area; the two-year travel time zone of the Thornton Well Field which represents the primary water supply for the City of Woodstock and which has experienced chronic increases in nitrate concentrations over the last few decades. The wells are completed in glacial overburden consisting of intermingling sand and gravel till aquifers which overly a limestone bedrock aquifer. Agricultural best or beneficial management practices (BMPs) field have been implemented and monitored since 2004. The BMPs were adopted in order to reduce nitrogen losses to the aquifer, and consisted of a reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application rates over a series of agricultural fields located near the well The first study is a one year experiment designed to compare alternative nutrient management practices for corn. Combinations of fertilizer treatments with or without a legume cover crop (red clover) were assessed. The fertilizer treatments studied were: a polymer coated urea (slow-release fertilizer) applied at planting, a conventional urea applied at planting, side-dress treatment of a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water containing 28% nitrogen with two different application rates applied in the early summer, and a control. The legume cover crop was incorporated in the soil in the previous fall, and acts as a slow release fertilizer as nitrogen is made available to the following crop as the plants decompose. Treatments were compared based on crop yield, overall economic return, and the potential for nitrate leaching. The potential for nitrate leaching was evaluated with bi-weekly shallow soil core during the growing season, and deep soil cores taken before planting, after harvest and the following spring. The deep cores allowed changes in nitrate storage below the rooting zone to be assessed. The results of this study highlight the importance of timing of fertilizer applications and rate of fertilizer applications. Treatments which provide a delay in the release or application of fertilizer, the polymer-coated urea, the calculator-rate side-dress and the clover cover crop, were found to be advantageous. The polymer-coated urea treatments and side-dress treatments were found to reduce leaching compared to the conventional urea treatment. Treatments with the clover cover crops were not found to reduce crop yields or increase leaching potential, and lower fertilizer costs associated to this practice were found to have a positive economic effect. Plots treated with the high-rate side-dress fertilizer application lost more nitrate to the subsurface compared to the other treatment options, and an economic disadvantage was observed as yields did not compensate for higher fertilizer costs. The study highlights the advantages of the different treatments under study, which may be used to inform policy makers and farmers in the selection of economically and environmentally sustainable nutrient management BMP options. Groundwater monitoring at the site over the years has indentified interesting recharge dynamics, particularly in the vicinity of an ephemeral stream which develops annually during spring and winter melt events in a low lying area of the study site. It was hypothesized that rapid recharge could occur beneath the stream allowing for surface water to quickly reach groundwater, posing a threat to municipal water wells. The current framework of source water protection does not take into account the potential risk posed by this type recharge event. At this field site, rapid infiltration associated with this type of event may pose a risk to drinking water quality due to the proximity of the stream to the pumping wells and the nature of the aquifer. The second study examines rapid groundwater recharge processes beneath the ephemeral stream during the course of a spring melt in 2010. The goals of the study were to quantify recharge at one location beneath the stream and to assess whether temperature variations above the water table can be used as a tracer to reasonably estimate recharge during a short live recharge event. A novel housing for the temperature sensors was designed in order to deploy and position them into gravelly materials within the vadose zone, which reduced the potential for the formation of preferential pathways and permitted the retrieval of the sensors at a later date. Field data were collected during the course of the spring melt period from a network of groundwater monitoring wells and subsurface temperature sensors. Spatial and temporal changes in groundwater geochemistry, hydraulic head and temperature were were used to characterize recharge dynamics at the field site. Recharge beneath a segment of the ephemeral stream was quantified through the numerical analysis of the field data using Hydrus 1-D, a one-dimensional numerical model designed to simulate soil water flow and heat transport in variably saturated porous media. Site specific data were used to create the model domain, provide estimates of physical parameters, and to define initial and time variable boundary conditions. Model parameters were first calibrated by simulating periods where it was expected that soils would be gravity drained with minimal soil water flow, and then further refined by simulating the period when the ephemeral stream was present. A final set of parameters was determined, and the initial gravity drained conditions were re-simulated. The model was able to reproduce field observations under different flow scenarios using the final set of parameters, suggesting that the conceptual model and final model domain representative of the actual field conditions. The successful simulation of the field data sets under the different flow scenarios also increases confidence in the uniqueness of the model results. The model estimated that 0.15 m of recharge occurred beneath the instrumented site during the period between March 9th and March 22nd of 2010 when the ephemeral stream was present. This represents approximately a third of the expected total annual recharge for this location. Regional changes in hydraulic head, groundwater temperature and groundwater chemistry provided additional insight into the dynamic nature of the recharge process during the spring meld period and further illustrated the spatial variability of the aquifers’ response to the stream. The study found that the use of temperature as a tracer provided useful and quantifiable insight into recharge phenomena. The results of this study suggest that high rates of rapid recharge occur beneath the ephemeral stream, and are spatially variable. This type of focused infiltration that occurs during the spring melt may represent a risk to municipal water quality if the infiltrating waters are carrying contaminants.

The use of coarse-grained fill materials has grown significantly in recent years especially on account of their use in dams and transportation networks. This study investigates compressibility of various coarse-grained fill materials in dry and wet loading conditions in oedometer test. Four materials were used in the experiments, which falls into GP, GW, GM and GC categories respectively. GP material is a weathered rock obtained from Eymir Lake region. This material was chosen especially to be able to investigate degradation and particle breakage due to compaction and compression. GW, GM and GC materials were obtained by using the material called &lsquo / bypass&rsquo / which is a fill material used in the construction of metro of Eryaman. Using these four materials, large-scale double oedometer tests were carried out to investigate compressibility in both dry and wet conditions. The double oedometer testing technique is used to investigate the effect of soaking on compressibility behaviour of compacted fill materials. Various compactive efforts were used in the compaction stage to investigate the effect of compactive effort on compressibility and degradation of the four gravelly materials. Gradations of the post-test samples were obtained and particle breakage due to compaction using various compactive efforts and particle breakage due to compression were determined. It is found that amount of compression does not necessarily depend on the dry density of the material and fine fraction is also a dominating property regarding the compressibility in coarse-grained fill materials. The vertical strains induced by soaking are on the order of 12% - 20% of the compression measured in dry loading case for the well-graded coarse-grained fill materials tested. Besides, there is significant particle breakage in the compaction process and no further particle breakage in the oedometer test for GP material.

One of the most critical problems geotechnical engineers face with is the determination of the amount of consolidation settlement that will occur at a site as a result of the construction of a structure. The compressibility behavior of the soil is an important parameter in determining the amount of consolidation settlement. The goal of this study is to develop probabilistically based correlation between the compressibility behavior of soil and in-situ test data. Within the scope of this research effort, performed CPT tests and the recorded settlement case histories where consolidation settlements at the field under various surcharge loads were compiled from the Bursa East and West Waste Water Treatment Plant soil investigation projects. A database was composed of the results of 45 CPT and 57 settlement plate recordings. For the compilation of this database, a series of finite difference software FLAC-3D analyses were carried out to calculate the change in stress distribution under the settlement plates. A maximum likelihood framework was used for the development of compressibility behavior of soils. As a result of careful processing of available data, the cone tip resistance (qc), soil behavior type index (Ic) were selected as two important parameters effecting the value of the one-dimensional constraint modulus, M. The regression analysis which uses the settlement values recorded at the site and those computed using the change in the stress distribution, the thickness of the sublayers and the proposed one-dimensional constraint modulus were carried out to calculate the values of these model parameters. Two correlations based on the cone tip resistance and soil behavior type index were developed for the computation of the one-dimensional constraint modulus, M.

Fundamental conservation laws predict a dissipationless transport behavior in one-dimensional S=1/2 spin chains. This truly ballistic heat transport suggests anomalously large life times and mean free paths of the elementary excitations of the spin chain, spinons. Despite this rigorous prediction, in any real system, the transport is dissipative, due to the interaction of spinons with defects and phonons. Nevertheless, a promising large magnetic thermal conductivity \\kappa_{mag} has been observed in a few copper-oxide systems. Characteristic for these cuprate systems is a large exchange interaction J along the spin chain. However, due to the limited number and knowledge of the systems showing a large \\kappa_{mag}, it has been difficult, to identify overarching trends. The goal of this thesis therefore is twofold. First, to test new compounds for the appearance of magnetic heat transport and second, to broaden the understanding of the known compounds by studying the influence of various kinds of impurities. In particular, three families of materials are studied. First, the thermal conductivity \\kappa(T) of the compounds TiOBr and TiOCl is investigated. Below room temperature the compounds undergo two phase transitions T_{c2} and T_{c1}. Above T_{c2} the compounds contain S=1/2 spin chains with J_{Cl}=676 K and J_{Br}=375 K respectively, formed by direct orbital overlap of the Ti-atoms. Below T_{c1} the chains dimerize to form a non-magnetic ground state. The thermal conductivity exhibits pronounced anomalies at T_{c2} and T_{c1} confirming the transitions being of second and first order respectively. Surprisingly, \\kappa(T) appears to be dominated by phonon heat conduction, since no indications of a significant magnetic contribution is found. This is in contrast to the expectation of a spin chain system. In this context possible scenarios to understand the unusual behavior of the thermal conductivity are discussed. Second, two related materials, the single chain Sr_{2}CuO_{3} and the double chain SrCuO_{2} are investigated. In high purity samples huge magnetic heat conductivities and concomitantly, extremely large spinon mean free paths of >0.5 µm for Sr_{2}CuO_{3} and >1 µm for SrCuO_{2} are observed. This demonstrates that \\kappa_{mag} is only limited by extrinsic scattering processes, which is a clear signature of ballistic transport in the underlying spin model. Additionally, various subtle modifications of the spin chain are studied. Due to the large mean free path a pristine picture of the intrinsic incidents is expected. In particular, a chemical pressure is applied to the spin chain by doping SrCuO_{2} with Ca. This has a surprisingly strong effect on \\kappa_{mag}. Furthermore, the influence of magnetic Ni and non-magnetic Mg doping is studied for SrCuO_{2}. While Ni-doping has a large impact on the magnetic thermal conductivity, Mg-doping shows no influence. In order to clarify this surprising behavior, \\kappa_{mag} is compared to measurements of the single chain compound Sr_{2}CuO_{3}. Third, the magnetic thermal conductivity of the spin chain material CaCu_{2}O_{3} doped with non-magnetic Zn impurities is studied. \\kappa_{mag} of the pure compound is linear up to room temperature, which is indicative of a T-independent scattering rate of the magnetic excitations. Both, magnitude and T-dependence of \\kappa_{mag} exhibit a very unusual doping dependence. At moderate Zn-doping the linear temperature dependence of \\kappa_{mag} is preserved and the absolute value of \\kappa_{mag} increases. A slight suppression of \\kappa_{mag} occurs only at high Zn doping, where, surprisingly, the T-dependence of \\kappa_{mag} changes from linearity to one with a higher power of T . In order to clarify this surprising behavior, the results are compared to a detailed study of the g-tensor of the impurities in the material by means of ESR experiments, which reveal a change of the impurity type with increasing Zn-content.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_dc_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1364642 bytes, checksum: dd8051b521d4e7f3ca3471ba61978257 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho pretende investigar a formação do conceito de Warfare State, traduzido para o português como Estado Militarista (no livro de F.J.Cook) e como “Estado beligerante” (no livro A ideologia da sociedade industrial. O homem unidimensional de Herbert Marcuse.) A pesquisa tenta mostrar como Cook formulou originalmente tal conceito e como ele foi configurado em sua obra, a fim de mostrar, em seguida, como H Marcuse se apropriou dele em sua obra para conceber uma das dimensões da sociedade unidimensional. Após a análise comparativa das duas obras e do confronto entre elas, que as esclarece mutuamente, a pesquisa tentará ainda mostrar tanto como deve ser entendido o conceito de sociedade unidimensional quanto à atualidade do conceito de Estado Beligerante. / This research studies the nature and the history of the concept The Warfare State in the book The Warfare State, writing by Fred J.Cook in 1962 and in the book of Herbert Marcuse One dimensional-man, writing in 1964.

[pt] Diversos processos práticos apresentam uma seqüência de diferentes configurações de escoamentos bifásicos, com diferentes padrões de escoamento. Dependendo das razões entre as velocidades superficiais do gás e do líquido, diferentes padrões de escoamento bifásico podem ser encontrados. O padrão de escoamento slug pode ser formado a partir do padrão estratificado, devido ao crescimento das instabilidades hidrodinâmicas ou devido às ondulações no terreno onde se instala a tubulação. O presente trabalho consiste na análise do escoamento bifásico no padrão slug, ao longo de tubulações horizontais, mediante a aplicação do modelo de dois fluidos em sua forma transiente e unidimensional. Através de uma análise de estabilidade de Kelvin-Helmholtz para escoamento estratificado, estima-se a possível faixa de operação para a obtenção de um modelo matemático bem posto. Diferentes técnicas de discretização foram implementadas e testadas. Comparações com dados disponíveis na literatura foram realizadas. / [en] Several practical processes show a sequence of different configurations of two-phase flows, with different flows pattern. Depending upon the relation between the superficial velocities of gas and liquid, different two- phase flows patterns can be found. Slug flow can be formed from the stratified flow, due to growth of hydrodynamic instabilities or due to undulations of the surface where the pipes are installed. The present work consists in the analysis of two-phase flow in slug flow through horizontal pipes using the two-fluid model in its transient and one-dimensional form. By means of a Kelvin-Helmholtz stability analysis for stratified flows, the operation range for obtaining of a well-posed mathematical model is estimated. Different techniques of discretization were implemented and tested. Comparisons with result obtained in the literature were done.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-20T12:36:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDAN.pdf: 8462805 bytes, checksum: 612f3289bd6eedee49e627d6f99f7762 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-20T13:36:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDAN.pdf: 8462805 bytes, checksum: 612f3289bd6eedee49e627d6f99f7762 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-04-20T13:36:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDAN.pdf: 8462805 bytes, checksum: 612f3289bd6eedee49e627d6f99f7762 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T13:54:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDAN.pdf: 8462805 bytes, checksum: 612f3289bd6eedee49e627d6f99f7762 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-31 / Não recebi financiamento / In this Thesis we propose to describe the thermodynamical properties of dimer chains in a one-dimensional lattice rstly considering q-states of chain orientation in the lattice and secondly by a three states model where the chain orientation is associated with a energy " > 0 or " = 0. For this reason we describe our system by a microcanonical ensemble to get the canonical partition function and through this function obtain the Helmholtz free energy, the entropy, internal energy and pressure. We solved also the problem by adopting the grand canonical ensemble using the transfer matrix method and we get in the thermodynamical limit the equivalence between both ensembles. However the analysis of the thermodynamic properties for systems with nite size is quite relevant since for these nite systems can be found a inequivalence of ensembles. Thereby we performed a detailed study of the Statistical Mechanics for nite particles systems verifying the equivalence o ensembles. / O presente trabalho tem por finalidade descrever as propriedades termodinâmicas de cadeias de dímeros em uma rede unidimensional, inicialmente considerando q-estados de orientações das cadeias na rede, e posteriormente um modelo de 3 estados, onde orientação da cadeia está associada a uma energia " > 0 ou " = 0. Para isso, consideramos o problema de um ponto de vista combinatório, no ensemble microcanônico, de maneira a obter sua função de partição canônica e através dela encontrarmos as grandezas termodinâmicas de interesse, tais como a energia livre de Helmholtz, entropia, energia interna, pressão, por exemplo. Posteriormente, resolvemos o problema no ensemble grande canôncio usando a técnica de matriz de transferência, obtendo assim, no limite termodinâmico a equivalência entre os ensembles. Entretanto, têm-se tornado cada vez mais importante e frequente, o estudo termodinâmico de sistemas “pequenos", onde nestes casos pode haver a inequivalência entre as grandezas físicas obtidas nos ensembles. Desse modo, realizamos um estudo detalhado do que acontece ao aplicarmos ferramentas da mecânica estatística a sistemas com poucas partículas, verificando se os diferentes ensembles estatísticos estudados neste trabalho ainda levam aos mesmos resultados.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipePMA_DISSERT.pdf: 3715487 bytes, checksum: 630bbbaabad6ec787270701f99c61fb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-18 / A critical problem in mature gas wells is the liquid loading. As the reservoir pressure decreases, gas superficial velocities decreases and the drag exerted on the liquid phase may become insufficient to bring all the liquid to the surface. Liquid starts to drain downward, flooding the well and increasing the backpressure which decreases the gas superficial velocity and so on. A popular method to remedy this problem is the Plunger Lift. This method consists of dropping the "plunger"to the bottom of the tubing well with the main production valve closed. When the plunger reaches the well bottom the production valve is opened and the plunger carry the liquid to the surface. However, models presented in literature for predicting the behavior in plunger lift are simplistic, in many cases static (not considering the transient effects). Therefore work presents the development and validation of a numerical algorithm to solve one-dimensional compressible in gas wells using the Finite Volume Method and PRIME techniques for treating coupling of pressure and velocity fields. The code will be then used to develop a dynamic model for the plunger lift which includes the transient compressible flow within the well / Um problema cr?tico em po?os maduros de g?s ? a carga l?quida. Quando a press?o do reservat?rio diminui, a velocidade superficial diminui e o arrasto exercido na fase l?quida pode se tornar insuficiente para trazer todo o l?quido para a superf?cie. O l?quido come?a a drenar para baixo, afogando o po?o e aumentando a contrapress?o, a qual diminui a velocidade superficial, e assim por diante. Um m?todo popular para remediar esse problema ? o plunger lift. Esse m?todo consiste em derrubar um plunger na fundo coluna de produ??o com a v?lvula principal fechada. Quando o plunger alcan?a o fundo do po?o a v?lvula de produ??o ? aberta e o plunger carrega o l?quido para a superf?cie. Atualmente, os modelos presentes na literatura para prever o comportamento do plunger s?o simplistas, em muitos casos est?ticos (n?o consideram efeitos transientes). Assim, esse trabalho apresenta e valida um algor?timo num?rico para resolver escoamentos em po?os de g?s usando o M?todo dos Volumes Finitos e a t?cnica PRIME para tratar o acoplamento da press?o e velocidade. Esse modelo ser? usado para desenvolver modelos din?micos para plunger lift que incluem efeitos transientes e compress?veis nos escoamentos em po?os

Syftet med studien är att analysera förändringen i de svenska partiernas politiska program genom att tillämpa Public Choice skolans modeller. Med hjälp av medianväljarteoremet och Hotellingmodellen analyseras om modellerna är tillräckligt beskrivande för Sveriges partiförflyttningar. Vidare beräknas Herfindahl-Hirschman index för graden av maktkoncentration på den politiska ”marknaden”. Herfindahl-Hirschman indexet visar att koncentrationen på den politiska marknad blivit lägre över tid, viket indikerar på att konkurrensen mellan partierna blivit allt högre under perioden 1973-2014. För att analysera om det går att förklara förändringar i partiernas politik under perioden 1973-2014 tillämpas medianväljarteoremet. En diskussion kring testning av modellen görs samt en illustration hur medianväljarteoremet skulle kunna se ut för Sveriges partier. För att analysera om en endimensionell skala är beskrivande för de svenska partiernas förflyttningar har Hotellingmodellen tillämpats. Genom att illustrera dessa två modeller på Sveriges partier undersöks om modellerna ger en tillfredställande beskrivningar av förändringen i de svenska partiernas politiska program. Analysen ger vid handen att att Medianväljarmodellen inte förklarar förändringarna i partiernas politik på ett tillräckligt utförligt sätt. Hotellingmodellen kan bättre förklar både de svenska partiernas förflyttningar på vänster-högerskalan samt förändringar i partiernas politik. Utöver de nämnda modellerna konstateras att den enskilda faktor som är mest betydelsefull för hur partierna ändrat sina politiska program är partiernas beroende av väljarnas åsikter. / The aim of the study is to analyze changes in the Swedish political parties programs by applying the Public Choice approach. With help from the median voter theorem and the Harold Hotelling model, the paper analyzes if these models are sufficiently descriptive of Swedens political parties movements. A Herfindahl-Hirschman index is constructed which shows changes in concentration of political power over time. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index shows that the degree of concentration in the Swedish political “market” has become lower over time, which indicates that the party competition has increased during the period 1973-2014. In order to analyze whether it is possible to explain changes in the parties’ policies during the period 1973-2014 the median voter theorem is applied. A discussion about how this model can be tested is done as well as an illustration of how the median voter theorem could look like for the parties in Sweden. To analyze whether a one-dimensional scale is descriptive of the movements of the Swedish parties, the Harold Hotelling model is also applied. By illustrating these two models on Swedens parties, the paper investigates whether these models provide a satisfactory descriptions of the change in the Swedish parties political programs. The analysis concludes that the median voter theorem does not explain the changes in the parties politics in a sufficiently detailed manner. It is revealed that the Harold Hotelling model provides a better description for both the Swedish parties movements at the left-right scale and for the changes in the parties politics. In addition to the models mentioned the factor that that is most important for how the parties changed their political programs is the parties’ dependence of the voters opinions.

A cavitação e a dinâmica de bolhas são tópicos bastante recorrentes na literatura, devido sobretudo a seus efeitos em diversos tipos de fenômenos, como transferência de calor e escoamento em tubos. Considerando fases líquidas, sabe-se que estas estruturas de cavidade estão normalmente associadas ao equilíbrio metaestável, alcançado devido a quedas locais de pressão ou ao superaquecimento de uma substância pura (ou quase). Nestes casos é necessária a inicialização da mudança de fase através de algum mecanismo adequado, o qual gera uma sequência rápida de fenômenos. Apesar de comumente associado a danos, recentemente vários estudos vêm mostrando aplicações práticas deste tema, além de um campo ainda pouco explorado, que é o das macro cavidades. Essas cavidades podem ser geradas através do aquecimento de água a baixa pressão, sob condições específicas, criando sequências explosivas e formando movimentos como pistão para a água no interior de um invólucro convenientemente dimensionado. Este fenômeno mostra-se semelhante em diversos aspectos às micro cavidades, mais especificamente às cavidades próximas a superfícies livres, embora, sem dúvida, em escala muito maior. Os aspectos mencionados foram filmados com câmeras de alta velocidade e as características observadas foram comparadas com aquelas observadas em micro escala. Vários testes foram desenvolvidos de forma a melhor entender a dinâmica da formação e colapso dessas estruturas, sobretudo levando em conta um comportamento mais unidimensional para a evolução da bolha. Através de várias aproximações e análise de diferentes hipóteses para a variação de pressão e para a força de resistência, soluções analíticas e numéricas foram obtidas para a força exercida no fundo do contêiner e para a expansão e colapso das bolhas ao longo do tempo. As soluções propostas, em comparação com os dados experimentais, mostraram boa concordância entre si, sugerindo que os aspectos fundamentais da dinâmica da cavidade foram devidamente considerados e quantificados. / Cavitation and bubble dynamics are fairly recurring topics in literature, mostly due to their effects in various types of phenomena such as heat transfer and flow in pipes. Considering liquid phases, it is known that these cavity structures are normally associated with the metastable equilibrium, reached due to local pressure drop or overheating of a pure substance (or nearly so). In these cases, the phase change require a startup via some appropriate mechanism, which generates a fast sequence of phenomena. Although commonly associated with damage, recently several studies shown practical applications of these topics, and a still little explored field emerged, which is the field of macro cavities. These cavities can be generated by heating water at a low pressure, under specific conditions, creating an explosive sequences and forming piston like movements for the water inside a properly scaled casing. This phenomenon appears to be similar in many aspects to micro cavities, more specifically for cavities near free surfaces, although, without doubt, on a much larger scale. The mentioned aspects were filmed with high-speed cameras and the main features were compared with those observed in micro scale. Several tests have been developed to better understand the dynamics of the formation and collapse of these structures, especially taking into account a more one-dimensional behavior to the evolution of the bubble. Through various approximations, and analysis of different assumptions for the variation of pressure and the resistance force, analytical and numerical solutions were obtained for the force exerted on the bottom of the container and the expansion and collapse of bubbles over time. The proposed solutions in comparison with experimental data showed good agreement between each other suggesting that the fundamental aspects of the dynamics of the cavity were properly considered and quantified.