Title: The power of eWOM and online reviews on Generation Z - a quantitative study about to what degree do eWOM and online reviews influence Generation Z’s purchase intention regarding interior design in Sweden. Background: This thesis explains the influence of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and online reviews on the purchasing intention of Generation Z, the world's largest consumer group, within the interior design industry in Sweden. As a result of their constant exposure to marketing through various platforms and social media, eWOM and online reviews have become increasingly influential in consumer purchasing intention. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explain to what degree do eWOM and online reviews influence Generation Z’s (those born between 1995-2005) purchasing intention regarding interior design in Sweden. Method: The empirical findings were obtained using quantitative research with a deductive approach. Data collection was done through an online survey completed by participants born between 1995-2005 and did not exclude any other age groups. After analysing the findings through an independent sample t-test and Cronbach’s alpha test, they were compared and contrasted with the existing literature to determine their similarities and differences. Conclusion: Overall, this research contributes to our knowledge of consumer behaviour and provides guidance for companies and their marketers aiming to target Generation Z. Understanding the influence of eWOM and online reviews enables companies to adapt their marketing strategies to align with this generation's preferences and trust factors.

Background: Service recovery is a process that companies meticulously work on to effectively address issues encountered by their consumers. The advancement of technology has led to an increase in consumers expressing their opinions online, making it easier for them to voice their dissatisfaction with a company. As consumers place significant importance on the experiences of previous customers with a product they are considering purchasing, it has become even more crucial for companies to manage negative online reviews in a smart and efficient manner. This study examines how companies can best utilize service recovery to manage negative online reviews. For the first time, this study focuses on the four elements: empathy and satisfaction, response, design and emojis, and communication, within the framework of service recovery.  Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe how consumers perceive that companies use service recovery to manage negative customer online reviews.  Methodology: This bachelor thesis aims to fill the gap in the existing literature by describing how consumers perceive companies to use service recovery to deal with negative online customer reviews. To reach this goal, a qualitative research approach has been used, where, among other things, six different semi-structured interviews have been conducted. To conduct the interviews, an interview guide has been developed and used. Purposive sampling was also used to select those participants who have some kind of experience with the subject and who can contribute relevant information to this study.  Findings: There were three different main findings in the bachelor thesis according to how to manage negative customer online reviews; operational actions, emotional responses and communication dynamics.  Conclusion: Participants in the study were positively affected by personal communication and genuine apologies from the companies, while automated and generic responses were perceived negatively. Prompt responses to criticism were important to maintaining customer satisfaction, while delays increased dissatisfaction. Emotional aspects, such as feeling understood and that the company took responsibility, contributed to a positive experience. Using emojis could create a relaxed and positive tone, but excessive use risked being perceived as dishonest. Finally, personal and engaged responses were appreciated, demonstrating corporate responsibility and helping to restore customer confidence.

My dissertation aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how consumers make sense of online word-of-mouth. Each essay in my dissertation probes beyond the effect of rating valence and explores the role of textual content. In the first essay, I explore negativity bias among online consumers evaluating peer information about potential sellers. I propose that both the likelihood of negativity bias and resistance to change after a trust violation will depend on the domain of information discussed in a review. Three experiments showed that negativity bias is more prominent for information regarding sellers' integrity than information regarding their competence. These findings suggest that the universality of negativity bias in a seller review setting has been exaggerated. In the second essay, I examine the impact of emotional arousal on the perceived helpfulness of text reviews. I propose an inverse U-shaped relationship by which the arousal conveyed in a text review will be associated by readers with lower perceived helpfulness only beyond an optimal level, and that the detrimental effect of arousal is present for negative reviews even when objective review content is controlled for. To test these hypotheses, two studies were conducted in the context of Apple's mobile application market. In Study 1, I collected actual review data from Apple's App Store, coded those reviews for arousal using text analysis tools, and examined the non-linear relationship between arousal and review helpfulness. In Study 2, I experimentally manipulated the emotional arousal of reviews at moderate to high levels while holding objective content constant. Results were largely consistent with the hypotheses. This essay reveals the necessity of considering emotional arousal when evaluating review helpfulness, and the results carry important practical implications. In the third essay, I explore effects of the emotions embedded in a seller review on its perceived helpfulness to readers. I propose that over and above the well-known negativity bias, the impact of discrete emotions in a review will vary, and that one source of this variance is perceptions of reviewers' cognitive effort. I focus on the roles of two distinct, negative emotions common to seller reviews: anxiety and anger. In Studies 1 and 2, experimental methods were utilized to identify and explain the differential impact of anxiety and anger in terms of perceived reviewer effort. In Study 3, actual seller reviews from Yahoo! Shopping websites were collected to examine the relationship between emotional review content and helpfulness ratings. These findings demonstrate the importance of discriminating between discrete emotions in online word-of-mouth, and they have important repercussions for consumers and online retailers.

Digitaliseringen har bidragit till att man inför ett köpbeslut kan inhämta information från en mängd olika håll och i samband med det har forskningsbegrepp som elektronisk mun-till-mun marknadsföring (eWom) börjat äga rum genom att människor recenserar produkter, skriver om dom på sociala medier och betygsätter varorna. Dessa aspekter bidrar till att man kan bygga upp en trygghet inför sitt köp. Inom bilköp har digitaliseringen av köpprocessen inte fortskridit i samma takt som andra varor, men information inhämtas med hjälp av internet i hög grad inför ett köp. Detta examensarbete tittar närmare på förberedelse av bilköp med stöd från online-recensioner och diskussionsforum online och hur dessa påverkar användarförväntningarna. Användarförväntningar (User Expectations) är en del av användarupplevelsen (User Experience) och bygger på hur vi förväntar oss att vårt användande av en produkt eller tjänst kommer att se ut. Inom User Experience Design kan man genom att studera specifika kontexter, som exempelvis förberedelse av ett köp på ett mer noggrant sätt få en ökad förståelse för användarnas behov ur både ett pragmatiskt och hedoniskt perspektiv. Användarförväntningar påverkas av såväl tidigare erfarenheter och upplevelsersom av andra användare, dessutom formas användarförväntningar under själva upplevelsen. Målet med studien är att vidare undersöka hur en digital och social kontext inverkar på användarförväntningarna och utifrån det har en problemformulering med en forskningsfråga tagits fram. Forskningsfrågan för arbetet är Hur påverkas användarförväntningar inför ett bilköp av onlinerecensioneroch diskussionsforum online? Frågan besvaras med hjälp av en kvalitativ datainsamling i form av enkät och djupintervjuer sex av personerna som besvarade enkäten. Datainsamlingen visar att man använder diskussionsforum föratt få ”vanliga människors” upplevelser av bilar och att den största påverkan på hur man föreställer sig användandet är genom andra människors beskrivningar av deras användande i form av hur man löst ett problem eller att med en elbil åkt på bilsemester ner i Europa. Man tenderar att ta till sig information från särskilda användare, baserat på de uppfattas ha en stor kompetens på området eller att de påminner om en själv. Genom att hitta människor som påminner om en själv i forumen kan man med större säkerhet se sin egen framtida användning av den bil man tänkt införskaffa. / There is a digitalization proceeding which affects us in different ways, in order to make purchase decisions we are now able to gather information from many sources. As a result of this terms like electronic word of mouth marketing (eWom) started to appear in science, which means that people have started to review products online or discuss products in online forums or other kinds of social media. This has made buying easier in a lot of ways because one can assure oneself before the purchase through the experiences and opinions of other users. Regarding cars though, digitalizationis not as far ahead as other goods when it comes to actually purchase cars online, but the research process before the purchase is in many ways already a digital process. This thesis investigates the research process regarding car purchases, with a focus on the social aspects coming from other users through online-reviews and online forums to see how they affect the User Expectations. User Expectations is a part of the User Experience can be explained as how we as users build expectations about a product or a service through anticipating the use of it. Within User Experience context isrelevant, in this case the context is how users conduct the research process before buying a car, inorder to reach a deeper understanding of the users pragmatic and hedonic needs. User Expectations are affected by both past experiences and other users and User Expectations is also formed during the User Experience. The aim of this study is to explore how a digital and social context affects the User Expectations and in order to explore this a research question has been formulated which is: When conducting product research before buying a car, how do online-reviews and online forums affect the User Expectations? The research question is answered with a qualitative study through a survey and in depth interviews with six of the survey respondents. The sampled data show that one uses online forum in order toget “ordinary people’s” experiences of cars and that the main impact on anticipating the use of one’s future cars is through usage examples or how another user solved a problem, for example regarding electric cars how another user described how they went on a car trip through Europe only on electricity. The respondents tends to be more susceptible to information from specific users, these users are either regarded very competent or they tend to have a lot of similarities in life with the respondents. By finding other users in similar situations the respondents get more assured and are able to anticipate their use of the specific car in mind.