South Africa is engaged in social redress and Education at all levels reflects this commitment. The period of transition from the apartheid policy of the National Party, (1948 – 1994), to the democratic policy of the African National Congress and its alliances, (1994 - ), continues to be in a state of flux. Education authorities struggle to maintain a balance between widening access to previously disadvantaged students whilst maintaining standards at the same time. Much of the recent debate on good teaching and learning practices suggests that teachers not only need to have a firm grasp of their discipline knowledge but that they also need to perform competently in pedagogic practice. This debate recognises sociological change in knowledge-discourses, fair and transparent assessment policy, and teacher and learner profiles, thereby creating an urgent need for a new professional identity for teachers. Efficient and effective teaching practices require school teachers to be sensitive to innovative and wide ranging culture-sensitive content as proposed by the Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS). This is a refined version of South Africa’s first national education policy, C2005, introduced to schools in 1998 and streamlined in 2000 by the Review Committee of C2005 to produce the RNCS. Music now fits into Arts and Culture, one of eight integrated learning areas. The Generalist-Specialist Music Educator is a new identity meant to empower classroom trainee-teachers in primary and secondary education who are new to the discipline of music. The majority of the teacher-trainees who have elected to take the Music in Education module at the University of The Witwatersrand’s School of Education are admitted under discretionary rules, and as a consequence they have little or no experience of formal music education. The Generalist-Specialist Music Educator comes from such a background and her aim would be to fast track her way towards a music orientation that would equip her to advise her own students who might want to learn music at school. Specifically, the Generalist-Specialist should enhance the open relationship between learner and teacher as well as contribute effectively to the multidisciplinary nature of today’s school curriculum.

Since the 1990’s Open Access has developed into an alternative model for scientific publication. Today an increasing political interest in promoting Open Access is commonly channeled through the implementation of policies by research funders. However, in the scientific community the uptake and acceptance of the model has been of notably different character.This Master’s thesis examines the understanding of and attitudes towards open access among eight senior Swedish researchers and how these have been affected by the implementation of the Swedish Research Council’s Open Access-policy as implemented in 2010. It further asks the question of how researchers’ publishing practices can be understood as shaped by and performed within actor-network configurations. The study is based on interviews with researchers from three academic disciplines. The empirical material has been analyzed through the perspective of actor-network theory.The study finds that the impact of the Swedish Research Council’s policy has been low. Yet, perceived as a floating object, the policy has forced the researchers to adhere to and position themselves in relation to the immanent powers of the policy and, thus, to Open Access both as movement and publishing model. The study also finds that both the traditional model for scientific publishing and the Open Access model can be understood as actor-networks, currently competing for the researchers’ loyalty and involvement in order to secure future dominance. The study finally concludes that in order to fully understand researchers’ practices and attitudes it is necessary to perceive these as shaped in and by extra-social contexts and forces. / Program: Masterutbildning: Digitala tjänster - kultur, information & kommunikation

This study examines the scholarly communication activities in two scientific fields, chemistry and economics, in a Polish context. The dissertation aims at investigating what characterises the publishing choices of researchers and what supplementary forms for the dissemination of research output are used by scholars. In addition, the paper is looking into what are the views and awareness of open access and institutional repositories within this scientific community. This thesis gives the results of semi-structured interviews and an online survey at two academic faculties at a Polish technical university. As its theoretical framework, the study uses Whitley’s theory of the intellectual and social organisation of academic fields and Latour and Woolgar’s study regarding various motivations for publishing. The study found that there are some similarities between the two investigated disciplines, especially in the context of extra-disciplinary factors that have impact on scholars’ publishing choices. The study also revealed that the general awareness of open access is rather good among the participating academics, however the number of open access publications is not very high. In addition, the findings suggest that there were some misunderstanding about the definitions and functions of institutional repositories among scholars. / Program: Masterprogram: Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, Digitala bibliotek och informationstjänster

The Open Access (OA) movement came to be as a reaction against the enclosure of information resources, facilitated by new distribution technologies. The purpose of the OA movement is to make research results freely available. The aim of this master´s thesis is to increase the understanding of how libraries outside of the academic sphere and within research institutes relates to OA. As a theoretical framework I created two different ideologies, the OA ideology and the nonsharing ideology. I also conducted six interviews with librarians. Through an idea and ideology analysis I relate the materials to the two different ideologies. The theories used concern information commons and gifting economies. My study shows that the informants have different views of the OA ideas depending on what aspects that is in question. Especially when it comes to economics and copyright issues the informants express a great degree of criticism against the traditional publishing models. In some other aspects the informants relied on the traditional publishing and thereby on the nonsharing ideology. The idea to make research results freely available was positively viewed upon by many of the informants. They sometimes plan and have ideas connected to the OA ideology. In a few cases they also work with OA materials, but the context that the libraries functions within makes it complicated and sometimes less urgent than it is in the universities to adopt to OA to a larger extent.

The aim of this Master’s thesis is to present guidelines for making a digital repository. To attain this, useful factors for creating an archive were examined. Also different organisations’ strategies were analysed. The method used is evidence-based practice, including reading literature and e-mail interviews. Five people in Sweden working with digital repositories were e-mail interviewed. The theory behind the investigation is based on Sheila Corrall’s and Elizabeth Orna’s research on the creation of information strategies. Three main areas were identified: environmental issues, strategic focus and strategy formation. The literature study identified different areas that are involved in creating a digital repository. These are administrative factors, technical aspects, content, publication forms, cultural factors and marketing. In a similar way the interviews clarified why the repositories were created, such as administrative factors, technical aspects, how to publish, quality aspects, marketing, cultural factors and good advice. The literature and the interviews were compared and conclusions were made. These conclusions were used to set up guidelines for developing a digital repository. To create a strategy, the chosen organisation has to be evaluated, which was beyond the scope of this thesis. It is suggested that the thesis is suitable for a starting point, initiating work on digital repositories. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Since the beginning of the 21st century the Open Access-movement, which advocates free online distribution of scholarly information, has gained momentum. Authors can provide Open Access to their work in two main ways: by depositing a copy of their research output in an e-print archive and by publishing in Open Access journals. During the past few years, universities and other research institutions throughout the world have established institutional repositories to manage, preserve and provide access to the intellectual output of the university/research institution. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to describe the implementation of an institutional repository at the Swedish University College of Borås. The thesis also aims to describe the current situation regarding Open Access at the university college. The case study indicates that a requirement for the deposit of references into the repository is believed to have had a significant impact on the contents of the institutional repository. The full-text availability of research publications is, however, at present relatively low. The results show that there are three main barriers in the development of the institutional repository: lack of knowledge regarding Open Access and digital publishing, copyright issues and lack of time. Misconception and uncertainty regarding the guarantee of quality of the digital material are factors that most likely prevent researchers from depositing their research articles into the institutional repository. Librarians play a key role when it comes to informing about self-archiving and Open Access. Our conclusion is that to obtain more research publications in full-text, researchers need to gain more knowledge about institutional repositories and digital publishing. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The aim of this Master thesis was to examine how libraries at Swedish colleges and universities make Open Access journals in physics available to users. We examined if, where, and how the 50 Open Access journals that are listed in the Directory of Open Access (DOAJ) under the heading Physics (General) were made available to the public at 19 Swedish colleges and universities. We also examined possible patterns regarding qualities in the Open Access journals and to what extent the libraries made them available. For this descriptive statistic was used. The selection of library portals that were included in the study were those Swedish colleges and universities that teach physics. The searches that form the basis for the results of the study were performed during the period 30/09/2008 -06/12/2008. The results of the study show that a majority of the libraries made at least 94% of the Open Access-journals available to users, and that this was achieved mainly by journal and/or e-journal lists. A majority of the journal lists were generated by SFX, a system libraries can use to make different e-journal packages available to the public, including the package that consists of the Open Access journals listed by DOAJ. This practice might explain the results of the study. Previous research that focuses on how e-journals are made available to the public show that the consensus regarding these resources previously was that they should be made available through library catalogues. This practice now seems to be changing, probably due to the fact that making e-journals available in journal lists instead of library catalogues demands less economic resources. These were the most consistent tendencies found in the material.

This thesis explores new forms of scholarly communication and the practice of open science among UK based academics. Open science broadly refers to practices that allow cost-free open access to academic research. Three aspects of open science are examined in this study: open access to research articles; open access to research data; and publishing ongoing research updates using social media. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a series of scoping studies using qualitative methods followed up by an Internet survey of 1,829 UK academics. Overall this thesis has shown that whilst there is support for open science, the use of open science by academics was limited. Many academics were not aware of RCUK's open access policy and had limited experience of making their research articles freely accessible online. Most academics did not share their primary research data online. Although some academics had used a range of social media tools to communicate their research, the majority had not used social media in their research work. Overall, male, older and senior academics were more likely to use open access publishing and share primary research data, but were less likely to use social media for research. Academics based in Medical and Natural Sciences were more likely to use open access publishing and share research data, but less likely to use social media for their research compared to academics from Humanities and Social Sciences. Academics who were aware of RCUK's open access policy and who recognised the citation advantages of open access were more likely to publish in open access journals. Academics that were aware of RCUK's open access policy and had used social media for research were more likely to self-archive research articles. Academics that had used secondary data collected by others and self-archived research papers were more likely to share their own primary research data. Academics seemed to be strongly influenced by their colleagues' recommendation for the adoption of social media in research. Those who considered that the general public should know about their research findings were more likely to share their research on social media. A group of academics were identified and described as super users who frequently communicated ongoing research on social media. These super users were more likely to use tablet computers and have received social media training organised by their institutions. It is clear that open science is going to be a major factor in future academic work and in relation to building an academic career. Many academics have recognised the importance of open science. However to date the use of the tools for open science has been limited. With the right guidance and reinforcement of relevant policies, the new forms of scholarly communication can provide a pathway to open science which would serve to benefit individual academics, research communities and the public good.

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) is an institution with 2 residential campuses: 1 in Daytona Beach, Florida and one in Prescott, Arizona. ERAU also has a Worldwide presence through 125 campuses located on military bases and within the private business sector. The ERAU Worldwide Campus doesn’t stop with physical locations, however. It encompasses an online campus with virtual learning opportunities. The degrees offered through all of our campuses range from certificate programs through doctoral studies. The Scholarly Communication Team is located on the Daytona Beach campus. One of our challenges is to bring the intellectual output of all of our talented faculty from around the world into the ERAU institutional repository, called Scholarly Commons. In order to do this, we need an outreach plan which will capture the attention of our faculty members on our distance learning campuses and explain the benefits of participating in Scholarly Commons. To this end, we’ve begun to promote Scholarly Commons using a multi-format outreach strategy. We seek partners from within the distance learning faculty communities to help us show why faculty should participate in Scholarly Commons. This presentation will describe the processes we have tried and others we will be putting into place to educate our faculty on how they can use Scholarly Commons to organize and pursue research, tenure, and promotional activities.

Los programas de tesis digitales en Perú se iniciaron el 2002, Cybertesis fue la primera plataforma adoptada, actualmente DSpace es el software de uso oficial. En Junio de 2013 se publicó la Ley 30035 que obliga a las entidades públicas implementar un repositorio digital de acceso abierto, así mismo, crea el Portal “ALICIA”. En Setiembre de 2016 entró en funcionamiento el Portal “RENATI”, plataforma que difunde las tesis de entidades peruanas de educación superior. Actualmente ALICIA tiene 194 repositorios y 271,000 publicaciones en acceso abierto. Por su parte RENATI tiene 170 repositorios de tesis y 218,397 documentos de acceso abierto y restringido. Las políticas institucionales y normativas de gobierno han promovido un crecimiento acelerado de los repositorios, en especial de las tesis, de igual forma, han generado nuevos servicios en la mejora de la calidad de las tesis. / The Peruvian ETD programs began in 2002, Cybertesis was the first platform adopted and currently DSpace is the official software. In June 2013, Law 30035 was published that forces public institutions to implement an open access digital repository, and creates the “ALICIA” Portal. In September 2016, Portal “RENATI” was published, it´s a platform that disseminates the Peruvian digital thesis. “ALICIA” currently has 194 repositories and 271,000 open access publications. RENATI includes 170 digital thesis repositories and 218,397 open and restricted access digital theses. Government and regulatory policies has promoted an accelerated growth of repositories, especially digital theses; in the same way, new services to improve the quality of the thesis were developed.