Emanating in a Swedish and British context, this study seeks to map and discuss contemporary performative tendencies within the countries’ respective open access movements. This is done through a Posthumanist and Material-Semiotic analysis of nine research funders policy documents for open access to scientific results. Using an actor-network-theoretical apparatus of concepts, the study seeks to assess actors, actants, intermediaries, mediators, agencies, connections and networks in the policy documents of the respective research funders. The study therefore aspires to illuminate the complexities of these networks, similarities and differences between the two countries’ networks and what these networks can say about contemporary tendencies within the Swedish and British open access movements respectively. Actors with their associated agencies and performative connections are analysed and compiled in tables according to the respective research funders. The output is thereafter visualised in a schematic network model and the performative tendencies are assessed. While Swedish council Vetenskapsrådet is defined as a ”spider in the web” of the research funder network, the British network is more fragmentary. As for Bioscientific networks, the Swedish network is of a more peripheral sort while the British consists of sprawling nodes. Within Health Science, there is for both countries a clear direction towards the fortification of infrastructures for data deposition. This can also be said regarding the deposition of monographs in Social Science and the Humanities. These tendencies are discussed in light of international open access research. It is proposed that research funders, libraries and other professionals active within the open access movements considers these tendencies in the forming of service activities. It is also emphasized that similar studies ought to be done in order to further map open access-networks. Two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

Submitted by Michelli Costa (michelli@ibict.br) on 2015-02-24T12:40:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 21686 bytes, checksum: f60c8e7b7ea9f3ba141b21b00747aece (MD5) Michelli Costa. Características e contribuições da via verde para o acesso aberto à informação científica na América Latina_ dissertação. 2014.pdf: 4445033 bytes, checksum: 49b050c7dc1aadce3de324db2de0d54e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Michelli Costa (michelli@ibict.br) on 2015-02-24T12:40:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 21686 bytes, checksum: f60c8e7b7ea9f3ba141b21b00747aece (MD5) Michelli Costa. Características e contribuições da via verde para o acesso aberto à informação científica na América Latina_ dissertação. 2014.pdf: 4445033 bytes, checksum: 49b050c7dc1aadce3de324db2de0d54e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T12:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 21686 bytes, checksum: f60c8e7b7ea9f3ba141b21b00747aece (MD5) Michelli Costa. Características e contribuições da via verde para o acesso aberto à informação científica na América Latina_ dissertação. 2014.pdf: 4445033 bytes, checksum: 49b050c7dc1aadce3de324db2de0d54e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / This present work analyzes the characteristics of the green road in Latin America for the development of open access. The green road is one of the two strategies proposed by open access movement to make scientific literature freely available on the internet with minimum restrictions. In practice, it is the deposit of scientific publications in open access digital repositories. In Latin America, the development of these systems by teaching and research institutions, the so-called institutional repositories, are appointed by scientific literature as a promising area for the fulfillment of the purposes of open access, due to the public source of research funding in the region and also to the very features of institutional repositories. For the development of this study it was conducted a systematic literature review, using literature and documents from Google Scholar and Web of Knowledge databases in order to the elaboration of a theoretical lens about the elements that define open access and features institutional repositories. As a result of this step were defined five selection criteria and eight dimensions of analysis for institutional repositories. The elements were used for the selection, mapping and characterization of 84 institutional repositories, that were selected in the a set of 289 digital repositories. In addition to the descriptive analysis of repositories, the open access policies of research funding agencies of Latin American and its relationship with the open access initiatives were investigated, especially those that correspond to the green road. The survey of policies was taken using international directories of open access policies and questionnaires sent to such agencies. As a result, we identified only the initiative of a Chilean agency to promote open access to the results of the research they fund. With this, we concluded that the main Latin American research funding agencies haven’t policy for open access. Overall, the survey results showed that Latin America has significant advances in the development of institutional repositories, as compared to other regions, but it is still very incipient in programs and policies to promote open access by funding institutions of scientific knowledge production in the region. / Analisa as características da via verde na América Latina para o desenvolvimento de acesso aberto. A via verde é uma das duas estratégias proposta pelo movimento de acesso aberto para tornar a literatura científica disponível na Internet de forma livre e com o mínimo de restrições possíveis. Na prática ela representa o depósito da publicação científica em repositórios digitais de acesso aberto. Na América Latina o desenvolvimento destes sistemas por instituições de ensino e pesquisa, os chamados repositórios institucionais, são apontados pela literatura científica da área como promissores para o cumprimento dos propósitos do acesso aberto, devido à natureza pública do financiamento de pesquisas na região e as características dos repositórios institucionais. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foi realizada uma Revisão Sistematizada da Literatura, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental nas bases de dados Google Scholar e Web of Knowledge, para elaboração de uma lente teórica sobre os elementos que definem acesso aberto e as características dos repositórios institucionais. Como resultado desta etapa foram definidos cinco critérios de seleção e oito dimensões de análise para os repositórios institucionais. Os elementos foram utilizados para a seleção, mapeamento e caracterização dos 84 repositórios institucionais selecionados de um conjunto de 289 repositórios digitais. Além da análise descritiva, foram investigadas as políticas de acesso aberto das agências latino-americanas de fomento à pesquisa e suas relações com as iniciativas de acesso aberto, em especial as que correspondem a via verde. O levantamento das políticas se deu por meio dos diretórios internacionais de políticas de acesso aberto e por questionários aplicados às agências de fomento. Como resultado, identificou-se apenas a iniciativa de uma agência de fomento chilena para a promoção do acesso aberto aos resultados das pesquisas que financiam. Com isto concluiu-se que as principais agências latino-americanas de fomento à pesquisa não possuem política para o acesso aberto. De forma geral, os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a América Latina tem avanços significativos no desenvolvimento de repositórios institucionais, quando comparados a outras regiões, mas ainda é muito incipiente em programas e políticas para a promoção do acesso aberto por parte das instituições públicas financiadoras da produção do conhecimento científico na região.

<p>To self-archive is to make research publications freely accessible by depositing them in an open digital archive or on a public website. The aim of this thesis is to explore what Swedish scientists think of self-archiving, what they know about it and how they make use of it, in order to understand why they do not self-archive more actively.</p><p>A web survey was conducted which was answered by 296 scientists at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). Results show that only 24 % have previous experience of self-archiving, but that a majority is willing to self-archive if there are no legal objections or if it is demanded by the research funder. The most important reasons why many scientists do not self-archive are that they feel uncertain about copyright issues and/or lack knowledge about self-archiving.</p>

Am Ende der Dresden Summer School 2012 haben die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer eigene Ideen und Impulse zur Zukunft der Vernetzung von Kultur- und Wissenschaftseinrichtungen vorgestellt. Claudia Becker, wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Vilém Flusser Archiv der Universität der Künste Berlin, ist an neuen Wegen der Wissens- und Kulturvermittlung mit digitalen Technologien interessiert. Wissen, Wissenssammlungen und Wissensordnungen haben sich im Laufe der Jahre verändert, ebenso wie die Wissensproduktion, die Schaffung neuen Wissens, die Wissenschaft selbst. Der Baum des Wissens, „arbor porphyriana“ oder auch „arbor scientiae“ war seit der Antike eine gültige Metapher und das Klassifikationsschema für die Struktur des Wissen, die epistemologische Ordnung. So lehnte auch Denis Diderot die Ordnung seiner berühmten Enzyklopädie an die Baumstruktur des Wissens von Francis Bacon an. Wohl wissend, dass Wissen Macht ist, widmeten Diderot und seine Enzyklopädisten einen großen Teil ihrer Lebenszeit, um das Wissen aus allen Bereichen der Welt zu sammeln und aller Welt zugänglich zu machen. Diderot nutzte somit damals schon die Intelligenz des Schwarmes, seine Enzyklopädie ist ein Produkt des „Crowd Sourcing“, eines kollektiven Verbundes mehrerer Autoren, die gemeinsam an einem Werk schreiben, um Wissen im Namen der Aufklärung den Herrschenden zu entreißen und möglichst vielen zugänglich zu machen. Die Parallelen zu einem der heutigen größten und bedeutendsten Wissensprojekte – der Internet-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia – sind unverkennbar. [...]

Open Access steht für den freien Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen im Internet. Politisch wird dieses Ziel durch die von vielen namhaften Forschungsorganisationen unterzeichnete „Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen“ (2003) getragen. Die technische Organisation übernehmen vielfach die Hochschulbibliotheken, die eine professionelle Publikation und zuverlässige Langzeitverfügbarkeit von Fachinformation gewährleisten. Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) engagiert sich seit Jahren auch mit Forderinitiativen für Open Access. Mit dem Programm „Open Access Publizieren“ unterstutzt die DFG Hochschulen bei der Einrichtung von Publikationsfonds, aus denen die bei der Veröffentlichung von Artikeln in Open-Access-Zeitschriften teilweise anfallenden Publikationsgebühren finanziert werden können. Unter der selbstverständlichen Voraussetzung, dass OA-Veröffentlichungen qualitativ genauso hochwertig sein sollen wie traditionell vertriebene Publikationen, entsteht schließlich für die Auswahl und Begutachtung von Artikeln weiterhin ein gewisser Aufwand, der nun nicht mehr von den Leserinnen und Lesern, aber eben durchaus von den Autorinnen und Autoren getragen werden muss.

Vortrag über aktuell bedeutsame Probleme des Urheberrechts mit dem Schwerpunkt Open Access-Lizenzierung

Open access institutional repositories (OA IRs) are electronic systems that capture, preserve, and provide access to the scholarly digital work of an institution. As a new channel of scholarly communications IRs offer faculty a new way to disseminate their work to a wider audience, which in turn can increase the visibility to their work and impact factors, and at the same time increase institutions prestige and value. However, despite the increased popularity of IRs in numbers, research shows that IRs remain thinly populated in large part due to faculty reluctance to participate. There have been studies on the topic of open access repositories with the focus on external factors (social or technological context) that affect faculty attitudes towards participation in IRs, and there is a lack of understanding of the internal factors and the psychology of the reluctance. The goal of this mix method study was to identify the overall factors that affect faculty attitudes towards participation in IRs and examine the extent to which these factors influenced faculty willingness to participate in IRs. First, from literature review and the Model of Factors Affecting Faculty Self-Archiving this study identified eleven factors that influenced faculty members' intention to participate in OA repositories. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) postulated that faculty intention to participate in IR was determined by three categories of factors: five attitudinal, four external (social) and two individual factors. Within the framework of the TPB this study (1) confirmed the measurement scale for each factor using principal component analysis, (2) it examined the influence that each factor had on the faculty likelihood to participate in IR using logistic regression, and (3) it weighted the relative importance of each factor on faculty intent to participate, utilizing relative weight analysis. Quantitative analysis revealed that four out of 11 factors proved to be statistically significant in faculty members' intention to participate in IRs; difficulty with the submission process, discoverability access and readership, altruism, and faculty perception of IRs as low-quality publishing venues. While qualitative analysis revealed that more than half of the faculty remain unfamiliar with OA and its goals, and while they supported the principles of OA, they also had a myriad of concerns regarding participation in IRs.

To self-archive is to make research publications freely accessible by depositing them in an open digital archive or on a public website. The aim of this thesis is to explore what Swedish scientists think of self-archiving, what they know about it and how they make use of it, in order to understand why they do not self-archive more actively. A web survey was conducted which was answered by 296 scientists at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). Results show that only 24 % have previous experience of self-archiving, but that a majority is willing to self-archive if there are no legal objections or if it is demanded by the research funder. The most important reasons why many scientists do not self-archive are that they feel uncertain about copyright issues and/or lack knowledge about self-archiving.

Die derzeitigen Strukturen der überregionalen Informationsservices sind geprägt von Bündniszwängen, die eine technologische Erneuerung der Dateninfrastrukturen blockieren. Ein Lösungsweg liegt in der Rückbesinnung auf die Idee der Offenheit, des freien Zugangs zu Information und Wissen, für die Bibliotheken mit dem Ziel der Bildung und Selbstaufklärung gegründet wurden. Im Idealfall fügen sich durch gemeinsame Wertvorstellungen und damit verbundene technologische Prinzipien die dezentralen Aktivitäten der Bibliotheken in einer Netzwerkstruktur zusammen. Die emanzipatorische Qualität des Semantic Web ist bislang weithin unterschätzt und könnte helfen, Grabenkämpfe zwischen Protagonisten und Antagonisten der Digitalisierung zu beenden. Die Autoren plädieren für Bibliotheken als Sachwalter der Offenheit, die sich für einen freien, uneingeschränkten und globalen Zugang zu wissenschaftlicher Information und für die Weiterverarbeitbarkeit dieser Information stark machen. Am Beispiel von Dateninfrastrukturen werden konkrete Handlungsschritte diskutiert. Die Autoren fordern mit ihrem Beitrag eine breite Debatte und plädieren grundsätzlich für mehr Offenheit, Wahlfreiheit und Konsequenz im eigenen Handeln. / The current national information service structures are characterized by alliance constraints and lock-in phenomena that effectively block the development of state-of-the-art data infrastructures. A possible solution could be the return to the principle of openness that used to be at the heart of the concept of libraries as institutions of education and enlightenment. Ideally, shared values imply similar technological frameworks and lead to a complementary network of individual activities and services. Up to now the emancipatory quality of the Semantic Web has largely been underestimated. It could help, however, put an end to the trench warfare raging between proponents and detractors of the principle of digitisation. The authors suggest that libraries assume the role of stewards of openness and fight for free, unrestricted and global access to processable scientific information. Taking the example of data infrastructures, they discuss concrete further steps on the way to Open Science. In their article the authors put the case for a broad-based debate and demand greater openness, freedom of choice and consistency in each institution’s actions.

In diesem Beitrag werden Publikationsmotivation und -formen sowie die Vor- und Nachteile von Open Access beschrieben und am Beispiel des Fee-Free-Open-Access-Journals Zeitschrift für Nachwuchswissenschaftler erläutert. / In this paper, publications motivation and forms are described, as well as, the pros and cons of Open Access. They are explained using the fee-free open access journal German Journal of Young Researchers as an example.