D. Litt. et Phil. / The use of data in science has evolved to a new level in e-science. Collaboration in e- science is important as scientists, engineers and technologists work together to solve scientific problems, through the collection and analysis of large data sets. These experiments can generate enormous amounts of data, creating a need for more efficient storage, management and processing of data. Data needs to be managed effectively to ensure possible future use for secondary analysis and further experimentation. The practice of data curation deals with the management of data, with the objective of sustaining data as a resource for future use. A number of frameworks and models have been developed to address the curation of data, but only the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) has been accepted internationally. The World Data Centre (WDC) is an organisation that was established to ensure access to scientific data for a number of different scientific disciplines. This organisation consists of 52 individual data centres (iWDCs) that are members of the WDC, and are responsible for the curation of scientific data. Because the data curation practices and needs of each iWDC differ, the purpose of this study is to determine to what extent it is possible to develop a framework for the curation of data in the WDC. This study used a mixed method research design through the collection of data from an online survey (quantitative data) and a multiple-case case study (qualitative data). All the iWDCs were invited to participate in the online survey, which was created to quantify OAIS functional model compatibility, sampling for the case study was conducted based on the OAIS functional model compatibility scores. v Based on the findings from this study, suggestions towards a suitable framework for the curation of data in the WDC are made. The key outcomes from this research included a quantitative OAIS functional model compatibility test and suggestions towards a suitable framework for the curation of data. The suggestions towards a suitable framework for the curation of data in the WDC should in future be tested in the newly formed World Data System (WDS) and adjustments made to create a viable framework for curating data in the WDS.

The thesis presents a conceptual literature review of the subject of open access as it is reflected in literature relevant to digital library research. An approach to the grounded theory method specifically created for the purpose of performing a literature review is applied to 70 articles and conference proceedings found in the databases LISA and LISTA. Through the coding of the literature five categories that conceptually order the subject of open access emerged; Open Access, Authors, Scholarly Communication, Libraries and Librarians, and Developing and Transitional Countries. The conceptual relations of the categories are discussed in the presentation of the categories. The emerged theory is then validated through a review of earlier literature, which focused on literature reviews on open access. A model of the emerged theory with explanatory narratives are then presented in the concluding chapter.

Since 2000, digital technology and other technological advances such as 3D printing have improved non-traditional scientists’ participation in biotechnology and life science research and development. Non-traditional scientists, including amateur scientists, students and graduates from the life sciences, artists, programmers, engineers, and entrepreneurs, have rapidly increased under the Do-It-Yourself biotechnology (DIY bio) movement. These DIY biotechnologists or DIYers increase biotechnology research and life science inventions in society by encouraging open and cooperative development. Biotechnology research and development (R&D), especially in healthcare and agricultural biotechnology, suffers from patent proliferation with fragmented and overlapping rights that cover upstream research resources and research tools which can enable downstream developments. The proliferation of patents and related rights protecting upstream research can be detrimental to progress and citizens’ welfare because they can increase the cost of R&D, interfere with access to upstream research tools, and allow R&D to be concentrated around the issues found in developed nations. Many DIYers depend on self-funding and community resources to experiment with biotechnology. Proprietary research tools and equipment are harder to access. Some of them operate alongside proprietary R&D in a research area by building on off-patent technologies and inventing around patents. Some DIYers have made significant contributions in science that benefit other biotechnology researchers and developers, such as developing and manufacturing open source versions of proprietary research tools and equipment. Nonetheless, they can risk inadvertent patent infringement by working in competitive biotechnology research areas with heavy patent coverage. The presence of patent thickets in biotechnology can also discourage volunteers’ initial participation in open R&D. When third party patents develop around open and cumulative development, the risk of patent infringement increases for downstream development and commercial activities based on upstream open R&D. Alternative knowledge management strategies, such as open source patent licensing, clearinghouses and contract-based compensatory liability regimes, allow open innovation communities to create a protected commons of shared resources. However, these do not resolve problems in biotechnology patent law, such as fragmented and overlapping rights on cumulative technologies and strategic patent use. Government actions can address these problems, such as broadening outdated patent law exceptions, which can discourage unnecessary patenting and reduce the risk of infringement in alternative innovation environments.

Seminario: Implementación del Repositorio Nacional Digital de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Acceso Abierto para universidades del país. 29 de Agosto de 2014. Lima, Perú. Evento organizado por la Dirección de Investigación de la Asamblea Nacional de Rectores / La ponencita aborda aspectos relacionados con normaitvas y lineamientos para implementar repositorios acaddémicos, asi mismo, aborda temas sobre repositorios de datos, iniciativas, esperiencias. Al final se propone algunos puntos para diseñar indicadores. / Revisión por pares

The availability of both research results and data is appealing to different actors, which has increased the interest in open access significantly during the past decades. Generally, a more openly access to research results is regarded as a positive movement as this contributes to a faster spread of information, increase of visibility of research and the promotion of research collaborations. However, resistance concerning this movement exists such as limitations of the academic freedom, difficulties in choosing the right publication channel. This master thesis examines policy documents regarding the Nordic academic institutions’ approach to open access. It focuses on the communication style in policy documents, specifically whether researchers’ publishing freedom is considered when policies impose restrictions on researchers’ choice of publication type or channel. In order to examine the presented factors, an indication model was created that functions as a specification in which bearing concepts appear in the policies. The model could in the future guide policy makers when deciding which type of information is necessary to include in a policy. A finding in this study is that the majority of guidelines in policy documents remain relatively liberal concerning the manner in which scientific publication should be performed at each institution. The follow-up of the open access requirements in the policies is usually left to the interpretation of the individual researcher which makes the impact of the policies more difficult to analyse. In conclusion, the study shows a variation of open access policies, partly regarding outline and content, and partly concerning communication mode towards their recipients.

Der Vortrag wurde im Rahmen der Informationsveranstaltung „Elektronisches Publizieren an der TU Chemnitz – 10 Jahre MONARCH“ gehalten. Mit dem sprunghaften Anstieg wissenschaftlicher Publikation steigt die Informationsflut ständig weiter an. Im Zeitalter des Internet werden Veröffentlichungen in kürzester Zeit bereitgestellt und damit weltweit verfügbar. Andererseits führt die monopolistische Preispolitik von Großverlagen dazu, dass die wissenschaftlichen Informationen nicht mehr allen Interessierten zur Verfügung gestellt werden können. In den letzten Jahren ist speziell im STM-Bereich (Science, Technology, Medicine) eine enorme Steigerung der Zeitschriftenpreise zu verzeichnen. Aufgrund des sinkenden Erwerbungsetats der Bibliotheken ist die wissenschaftliche Informationsversorgung nicht mehr ausreichend gewährleistet. Konventionelle Lösungsansätze erweisen sich nicht als Ausweg aus der Informationskrise. Als alternatives Publikationsmodell wird Open Access betrachtet. Die wissenschaftlichen Informationen stehen kostenfrei und dauerhaft zur Verfügung. Gegründet wurde die Open Access Initiative 2001. Sie wird national u.a. unterstützt vom Wissenschaftsrat, der Kultusministerkonferenz und der Hochschulrektorenkonferenz. Zwei Jahre später wurde die "Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen" verabschiedet und von führenden Wissenschaftsorganisationen des Landes (WR, HRK, DFG, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Max Planck Gesellschaft u.v.a.) unterzeichnet. Open Access-Dokumente können in Open Access-Zeitschriften oder z.Bsp. auf Dokumentenservern der Hochschulen veröffentlicht werden. Der Publikationsserver der TU Chemnitz, MONARCH wurde von der Deutschen Initiative für Netzwerkinformation zertifiziert. Der gemeinsam von Universitätsbibliothek und Universitätsrechenzentrum betreute Dienst entspricht nationalen und internationalen Standards. Im Vortrag wird abschließend auf praktische Beispiele nationaler Aktivitäten hingewiesen und es werden Möglichkeiten zur Umsetzung des Open Access Gedankens an der Technischen Universität Chemnitz angesprochen. / The lecture was held in the context of the information meeting "Electronic publishing at the Chemnitz University of Technology - 10 years MONARCH". With the precipitous rise of scientific publication the flood of information continues to rise constantly. In the age of the Internet publications are made available in shortest time and are accessible world-wide. On the other hand the monopolyistic price strategy of large publishing houses leads to the fact that the scientific information can be made available no more all interested ones. In the last years particularly an enormous increase of the magazine prices is to be registered within the STM range (Science, Technology, Medicine). Due to the sinking acquisition budget of the libraries the scientific information supply is no longer ensured sufficiently. Conventional solutions do not prove as a way out of the information crisis. As alternative publication model Open Access is regarded. The scientific information is available free of charge and durably. The Open Access Initiative was created 2001. It supported national among others of the scientific organisations Wissenschaftsrat, Kultusministerkonferenz and Hochschulrektorenkonferenz. Two years later the "Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities" was adopted and by prominent science organizations of the country (WR, HRK, DFG, Fraunhofer Society, Max Planck Society u.v.a.) signed. Open Access-documents can be published in Open Access-journals or e.g. on document repositories of the universities. The publication server MONARCH was certificated by the German Initiative for Network Information. MONARCH is conformed to national and international standards. In the lecture finally referred to practical examples of national activities and it will suggested possibilities for the conversion of the Open Access thought at the Chemnitz University of Technology.

Anlässlich der Internationalen Open Access Week (http://open-access.net/de/aktivitaeten/internationale_open_access_week/) fand in der Universitätsbibliothek eine Veranstaltung rund um das Thema Open Access statt. Herr Professor Zahn und Herr Professor Gramlich brachten in ihren Vorträgen und der darauffolgenden Diskussion ihr eindeutiges Bekenntnis für Open Access zum Ausdruck. Frau Vock von der Freien Universität Berlin ist zugleich maßgeblich am Aufbau und der Aktualisierung der Open-Access-Informationsplattform (http://open-access.net/) beteiligt. Sachkundig informierte sie über die aktuelle Problematik der Google-Buch-Suche und die Ereignisse zum Heidelberger Prozess. Da die Veranstaltung stark praxisorientiert ausgerichtet war, schloss der Vormittag mit dem Open-Access-Portal MONARCH+ der Universitätsbibliothek ab. Die Dienstleistung umfasst die Veröffentlichung von elektronischen Dokumenten auf dem zentralen Publikationsserver MONARCH, das Online-Management von Open-Access-Zeitschriften und das Publizieren im Universitätsverlag Chemnitz. Zur Erzeugung von Mehrwert für Open-Access-Veröffentlichungen laufen derzeit verschiedene DFG geförderte Projekte, deren Ergebnisse in MONARCH integriert werden können: Plagiatsuche, Zitationen, Statistik, Policy. Diese wurden kurz vorgestellt und auf weiterführende Homepages verwiesen.

Die sächsischen Hochschulbibliotheken verfügten bisher nur über eigene, auf die jeweilige Einrichtung beschränkte Hochschulschriftenserver. Qucosa, das der kostenlosen Publikation und dauerhaften Archivierung von elektronischen Diplomarbeiten, Dissertationen und anderen Veröffentlichungen dient, eröffnet den sächsischen Hochschulbibliotheken neue Perspektiven und bildet eines der Elemente einer „Digitalen Bibliothek“ in Sachsen. Bereits mehrere sächsische Hochschulen und Forschungsinstitute benutzen Qucosa zur Publizierung der eigenen Forschungsergebnisse. Auch nichtwissenschaftliche, staatliche Einrichtungen werden zukünftig ihre Schriften auf Qucosa im Volltext anbieten.

A variety of wide band wireless systems have been pushed towards their limits in order to meet growing interest for high data rate in wireless communications.In particular, the limit due to the spectrum scarcity forces communication systems to utilize the spectrum resource at maximum efficiency level. One of the methods that allow effective spectrum employing is to cover multiple systems over same spectrum source by allowing bearable interference to occur between them. Femtocells have been recently introduced as a remedy to spectrum scarcity and coverage problems in current cellular structures. Femtocells are personal use base stations and they share the spectrum in a way that they can coexist with the macrocell. This thesis provides a critical reviews of different access methods in femtocell networks and further introduces improvements related to these access methods. Simulation results validate capacity improvement of proposed techniques compared to the existing access methods.

Wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) can meet growing bandwidth demand in access network by providing high bandwidth to the end users. Failure in the access network is becoming critical as a large volume of traffic might be affected. Therefore, an effective supervision mechanism to detect and localize the fault is required to shorten the service interruption time. Meanwhile, open access provides a certain freedom for end users to choose the service and hence boosts competition among service/network providers. On the other hand, to offer open access in WDM-PON could result in a substantial change on architectural design, e.g., multiple feeder fibers (FFs) instead of a single one may be required to connect different service/network providers. Consequently, the traditional supervision mechanisms don’t work properly in open WDM-PON. To fill in this gap, several fault supervision mechanisms to support open access in WDMPON are proposed in this thesis. They can be applied to both disjoint and co-located FF layout where the choice of providers is done through wavelength selection. The feasibility of such solutions has been validated by evaluating transmission performance. We have carried out simulations in VPItransmissionMaker for different deployment scenarios. The results have confirmed that no significant degradation of the transmission performance is introduced by the proposed monitoring schemes compared to the benchmark, where no any fault supervision method is implemented.