Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-17T15:14:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WILLY RODRIGO DE ARAÚJO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEQ) 2018.pdf: 5030697 bytes, checksum: 8a14506fd3d3d6346a2c2cd041ea7844 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-17T15:14:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WILLY RODRIGO DE ARAÚJO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEQ) 2018.pdf: 5030697 bytes, checksum: 8a14506fd3d3d6346a2c2cd041ea7844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-13 / Capes / Como contribuição inicial, este trabalho propõe a substituição do MPT por um código desenvolvido em MATLAB®, uma vez que este sana a deficiência do primeiro em regiões não convexas. No âmbito da operabilidade estacionária, aborda dois estudos de caso: uma mistura de correntes com diferentes restrições em vazões e temperaturas e um CSTR encamisado para condução de uma reação exotérmica. Neste, a EDS foi tratada do ponto de vista estatístico, em que quanto maior o distúrbio menor a probabilidade de ocorrência. Informações relativas ao índice de operabilidade (OI) foram inseridas em um controlador proporcional-integral de modo que este conduzisse, de forma rápida e direta, a um estado permanente que garanta as especificações desejadas. Quanto à perspectiva de operabilidade dinâmica, a proposta é fundamentada na análise a cada período. O modelo utilizado, bem como suas condições e restrições foi delimitado por um reator batelada de bancada. Uma rotina programada em VBA é capaz de realizar experimentações numéricas de forma automática e foi desenvolvida com o propósito de simular um massivo planejamento experimental utilizado na metodologia dependente do tempo. Este código cria um banco de dados série-temporal, aplica uma técnica para reconciliação dos elementos quanto ao passo e pode ser utilizada conjuntamente a grande maioria dos simuladores dinâmicos comerciais. Foi sugerida uma nova abordagem para a região desejada (DOS) baseada na região de confiabilidade conjunta de modo a estabelecer este conjunto em cada intervalo e com caráter de controle estatístico de processos. A proposta para delimitação dos entornos necessários à operabilidade apresentou respostas satisfatórias diante comportamentos convexos ou não. Os resultados mostraram que a EDSp apresentou maior eficiência em problemas não lineares, já que leva em conta um histórico na determinação de perturbações e a consideração dos extremos não necessariamente abrange os intermediários. Mediante falhas em faixas esperadas, a conciliação de operabilidade a uma malha “feedback” sempre assegurou a DOS. Foi obtido um perfil de superfícies, para monitoramento e controle da operação ao longo do tempo, que conduz à DOS requerida ao final da batelada. / As an initial contribution, this work proposes the MPT replacement by a code developed in MATLAB®, since it heals the deficit of the first one in non-convex regions. In the stationary operability scope, it deals with two case studies: a mixture of streams with different restrictions in flow and temperatures and a jacketed CSTR to conduct an exothermic reaction. In this, the method treated the EDS from a statistical point of view in which as larger is the disorder lower is the probability of occurrence. Information on the operability index (OI) was entered into a proportional-integral controller so that it would lead, quickly and directly, to a steady state that guarantees the desired specifications. In dynamic operability scenery, the proposal performs analysis in each period. A batch bench reactor delimited the model as well as its conditions and restrictions. A VBA routine capable of automatically performs numerical experiments was developed with the purpose of simulating one massive experimental planning used in the time-dependent methodology. This code creates a time-series database, applies a technique for reconciling the elements in step and can be used with the vast majority of dynamic commercial simulators. A new approach for the DOS based on joint confidence region was suggested to establish this set at each interval and with statistical process control character. The proposal for shape delimitations required along the procedure showed satisfactory responses to convex and non-convex behaviors. The results showed that the EDSp presented greater efficiency in nonlinear problems since it takes into account historical data in the disturbance determination. Also, the extreme perturbation values do not necessarily cover the intermediates. Through failures in expected ranges, the reconciliation of operability and a feedback loop has always ensured DOS. Surface profiles were obtained for monitoring and control the operation over time, leading to the required DOS at the end of the batch.

Idag är det möjligt att modellera de hydrauliska och mekaniska systemen hos en hjullastare. Det går även i viss omfattning att simulera omgivningen samt de förarkommandon som krävs för utförandet av en önskad uppgift. Däremot är det enda sättet att få reda på hur en förare kommer att uppleva maskinen, dess körbarhet, att bygga en fungerande prototyp och be en förare att testa den. Syftet med det här examensarbetet var att hitta en korrelation mellan förarens bedömningar och mätdata insamlade från en hjullastare under körning. Resultaten är sedan tänkta att användas i framtida simuleringar. Olika hjullastare testades av en grupp provförare och deras subjektiva bedömningar såväl som mätdata från hjullastarna samlades in. Slutsatsen är att det går till en viss del att förutsäga körbarheten från insamlade data om förarens körstil är känd. Då förarnas körstil skiljer väldigt mycket är det är inte möjligt att dra allmänna slutsatser om körbarheten. / Today it is possible to model all hydraulic and mechanical systems of a wheel loader. To an extent the surrounding environment and the operator input required for a desired operation can also be simulated. However the only way to determine how an operator will perceive the handling qualities, the operability, of the wheel loader is to assemble a working prototype and ask an operator to try it out. The purpose of this Master thesis was to find some correlation between the drivers’ opinions and data recorded from the machines during operation. The results are intended to be used in future simulations. Different machines were tested by a group of drivers and their subjective impressions, as well as measurements from the machines were collected. The findings from the analysis are that the operability can be determined to a certain extent if the driver’s behaviour is known. Because of the differences in the way the drivers operate the machine it has not been possible to draw any general conclusions.

This thesis aims to extend the MMSP methodology with performance testing intended for the Competence Center for Quality management on VŠE. Through general introduction to performance testing, definition of terms and metrics, detailed description of the preparation and implementation of performance testing and to it tightly connected testing known as operability. Processed functionality will be demonstrated on a selected tool intended for a performance testing and the functionality of the application will be veryfied at the Competence Centre. The methodology should bring order to the team and elevate it to a level that is requested by customers. The work is aimed both at professional audience in the field of testing, where focus is on explaining methodology for performance testing, and also at small testing teams in general, for which it describes how to approach small team testing. Access to methodology could also help centers in other areas to be able to add more added value to their services. My knowledge comes from QA teams of Sun Microsystems, VŠE Competency center on project for IBM and CZNIC registrar of domain names .CZ, which takes care of Czech domain operation.

El proyecto pretende desde el punto de vista arquitectónico, brindar a los efectivos policiales espacios de mejor calidad para desarrollar sus actividades operativas y de capacitación constante. Además, busca dignificar la labor policial y generar infraestructura que vaya de acuerdo al profesionalismo propio de la actividad de patrullaje, monitoreo y prevención del delito dentro de nuestra ciudad. El diseño de esta arquitectura genera espacios seguros considerando la operatividad y controlando riesgos externos e internos. Esta espacialidad busca reflejar la calidad del servicio policial hacia la comunidad y sobre todo que el usuario se sienta identificado con la nueva imagen moderna que se le quiere dar a la institución. Todo esto, sin perder la correcta funcionalidad de una central de monitoreo y emergencias, la cual se debe mantener como una variable debido a su nivel de complejidad. Investigando la experiencia internacional en complejos policiales, he logrado identificar que la incorporación, muy bien sectorizada y definida, de ambientes destinados a la integración de la comunidad benefician a los usuarios al permitirle reflejar una nueva imagen de confianza y seguridad que se le quiere dar a la ciudad a la que sirven y protegen. Estos ambientes están diseñados de manera que no afecten la operatividad y niveles de seguridad que permitan vulnerar el complejo policial. Por otro lado, el diseño de un gran espacio central dentro del complejo genera un orden esencial que permite controlar las circulaciones y sectorizar el complejo por funciones y actividades tanto administrativas como operativas, servicio y atención ciudadana. Es por esta razón, que decidí incorporar esta visión de nueva central operativa de emergencias, adaptándome a preceptos modernos e imagen reciente que pretende reflejar la Policía Nacional y extranjera. / The project aims from the architectural point of view, to provide police officers with better quality spaces, to develop their operational activities and training. In addition, it seeks to dignify the police work and create an infrastructure that goes with the professionalism of patrolling, monitoring and preventing crime in our city. The design of this architecture creates safe spaces considering the operations and controlling external and internal risks. This space seeks to show the quality of the police service towards the community, and above all, the users will feel identified with the new modern image that is meant to contribute to the institution. All of this, without losing the correct functionality of a monitoring and emergencies center, which must be maintained as a variable due to its level of complexity. Investigating the international experience in police centers, I have been able to identify that the incorporation, well sectorized and defined of environments destined to the participation of the community, benefits the users by allowing them to reflect the new image of confidence and security that they want to present to the city they serve and protect. These environments are designed in such way that they don´t affect the operations and levels of security that allows to trespass the police center. On the other hand, the design of a large central space generates an essential order that allows to control circulation and sectorize the building by functions and activities, both, administrative and operational, service and citizen attention. It is for this reason that I decided to incorporate the vision of a new operational emergency center, adapting it to modern precepts and a brand-new image that the National and Foreign Police aims to reflect. / Tesis

全文ファイル差し替え（2021-06-07） / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20675号 / 工博第4372号 / 新制||工||1680(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 平石 哲也, 准教授 馬場 康之, 准教授 森 信人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

This investigation explores the detonation dynamics of a rotating detonation engine (RDE). Beginning with the general understanding and characteristics of hydrogen and compressed air as a detonation fuel source, this study further develops the experimental approach to incorporating a coal-based fuel mixture in an RDE. There is insufficient prior research investigating the use of coal as part of a fuel mixture and insignificant progress being made to improve thermal efficiency with deflagration. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy awarded the Propulsion and Energy Research Laboratory at the University of Central Florida a grant to lead the investigation on the feasibility of using a coal-based fuel mixture to power rotating detonation engines. Through this study, the developmental and experimental understanding of RDEs has been documented, operability maps have been plotted, and the use of a coal-based fuel mixture in an RDE has been explored. The operability of hydrogen and compressed air has been found, a normalization of all operable space has been developed, and there is evidence indicating coal can be used as part of a fuel mixture to detonate an RDE. The study will continue to investigate coal's use in an RDE. As the most abundant fossil fuel on earth, coal is a popular fuel source in deflagrative combustion for electrical power generation. This study investigates how the combustion of coal can become significantly more efficient.

The subject of this dissertation is advanced inorganic membranes and their application in membrane reactors (MRs). The reaction studied is the ethanol steam reforming (ESR) reaction using Co-Na/ZnO catalysts, chosen because of their high activity and stability. The Co-Na/ZnO catalysts were prepared by a co-precipitation method and it was found that promotion with a moderate amount of Na (1.0 wt%) produced a catalyst with stable ethanol conversion and product selectivity. Higher cobalt loading, higher W:E ratio, higher reaction temperature, and lower space velocity enhanced the conversion of ethanol to H2 and CO2 while reducing the formation of undesirable acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde was a primary product of the ESR reaction. Studies of the effect of hydrogen permeance on the ESR reaction at 623 K were performed in MRs equipped with silica-based and palladium-based membranes of different hydrogen permeances, and the highest ethanol conversion enhancement of 44 % and hydrogen molar flow enhancement of 69 % compared to a packed-bed reactor (PBR) were obtained in a MR fitted with a membrane with the highest hydrogen permeance. An operability level coefficient (OLC), defined as the ratio of the hydrogen permeation and hydrogen formation rates, was suggested as a useful tool for estimating performances of MRs for different reforming reactions such as methane dry reforming (MDR), methane steam reforming (MSR), methanol steam reforming (MeSR), and ethanol steam reforming (ESR) reactions. Studies of the effect of pressure (1-10 atm) on the ESR reaction at 623 K were carried out in a PBR and a MR fitted with a Pd-Cu membrane prepared by an electroless plating of palladium and copper at 333 K. Comparison studies showed that increasing pressure in both reactors resulted in decreasing ethanol conversions and increasing hydrogen molar flows. Compared to the PBR, higher ethanol conversions and hydrogen molar flows were obtained in the MR for all pressures studied. Increasing pressure was favorable for enhancing ethanol conversion and hydrogen molar flow in the MR compared to the PBR, and the highest ethanol conversion enhancement of 48 % with the highest hydrogen molar flow enhancement of 55 % was obtained at 10 atm in the MR. / Ph. D.

With the introduction of electronic control units to automotive vehicles, system complexity has increased. With this change in complexity, new standards have been created to ensure safety at the system level for these vehicles. Furthermore, vehicles have become increasingly complex with the push for electrification of automotive vehicles, which has resulted in the creation of hybrid electric and battery electric vehicles. The goal of this thesis is to provide an example of a hazard and operability analysis as well as a hazard and risk analysis for a hybrid electric vehicle. Additionally, the safety standards developed do not align well with educational prototype vehicles because the standards are designed for corporations. The hybrid vehicle supervisory controller example within this thesis demonstrates how to define a system and then perform system-level analytical techniques to identify potential failures and associated requirements. Ultimately, through this analysis suggestions are made on how best to reduce system complexity and improve system safety of a student built prototype vehicle. / Master of Science / With the introduction of electronic control units to automotive vehicles, system complexity has increased. With this change in complexity, new standards have been created to ensure safety at the system level for these vehicles. Furthermore, vehicles have become increasingly complex with the push for electrification of automotive vehicles, which has resulted in the creation of hybrid electric and battery electric vehicles. There are different ways for corporations to demonstrate adherence to these standards, however it is more difficult for student design projects to follow the same standards. Through the application of hazard and operability analysis and hazard and risk analysis on the hybrid vehicle supervisory controller, an example is provided for future students to follow the guidelines established by the safety standards. The end result is to develop system requirements to improve the safety of the prototype vehicle with the added benefit of making design changes to reduce the complexity of the student project.

O presente trabalho estuda de maneira crítica os conceitos necessários para o suporte do planejamento de sistemas de Gerenciamento de Facilidades em edificações produtivas, a partir do entendimento sistêmico do edifício dentro do contexto maior da organização e do meio ambiente em que está inserido, objetivando a utilização produtiva do ambiente de trabalho através do oferecimento de suporte adequado aos diversos usuários do edifício. Os elementos que possibilitam este entendimento, bem como os meios necessários para atingir os objetivos propostos, são analisados em níveis estratégico e tático, contemplando questões como sustentabilidade, funcionalidade, servibilidade, gerenciabilidade e mantenabilidade do edifício e de seus sistemas, visando a obtenção de efetividade de custos operacionais conjuntamente com oferecimento de qualidade de vida no trabalho. O Gerenciamento de Facilidades, assim entendido, representa a resposta adequada para as necessidades de transição dos modelos gerenciais até então utilizados para a operação e manutenção do edifício e seus sistemas, de maneira a poder enfrentar os novos desafios impostos pela sociedade pós-industrial. / The following work analyzes the key concepts, from a critical point of view, involved in planning facilities management support systems in productive buildings, through a systemic approach that considers buildings in their organizational and environmental contexts. This aims at productively using the work space environment through proper support being offered the building’s many different users. Both the elements that make this understanding possible and the means needed to achieve the proposed goals are analyzed according to strategic and tactical levels, including concepts such as sustainability, functionality, serviceability, manageability e maintainability of the building and its systems, to obtain operational costs effectiveness along with the quality of life being offered in work space environment. Management Facilities, understood as such, leads to a suitable answer for transitional adjustments required in managerial models employed so far for operating and maintaining the building and its systems, so that the new challenges posed by a post-industrial society may be faced.

Identifying hazards is fundamental for ensuring the safe design and operation of a system in process plants and other facilities. Several techniques are available to identify hazardous situations, all of which require their rigorous, thorough, and systematic application by a multi-disciplinary team of experts. Success rests upon first identifying and subsequently analyzing possible scenarios that can cause accidents with different degrees of severity. While hazard identification may be the most important stage for risk management, it depends on subjectivity issues (e.g., human observation, good judgment and intuition, creativity, expertise, knowledge) which introduce bias. Without a structured identification system, hazards can be overlooked, thus entailing incomplete risk-evaluations and potential loss. The present Thesis is focused on developing both managerial and technical aspects intended to standardize one of the most used techniques for hazard identification; viz. HAZard & Operability (HAZOP) study. These criteria have been carefully implemented not only to ensure that most of the hazardous scenarios will be identified, but also that US OSHA PSM Rule, EPA RMP, and Seveso Directive requirements will be accomplished. Chapter I pioneers the main research topic; from introducing the process safety concept up to the evidence of more detailed information is required from related regulations. A review of regulations (i.e., US, Europe legislation) focused on Hazard Identification has been conducted, highlighting, there is an absence of specific criteria for performing techniques intended to identify what can go wrong. Chapter II introduces the risk management system required to analyze the risk from chemical process facilities, and justifies that hazard identification stage is the Process Safety foundation. Hereafter, an overview of the key Process Hazard Analyzes (PHA) has been conducted, and the specific HAZOP weaknesses and strengths have been highlighted to establish the first steps to focus on. Chapter III establishes the scope, the purpose and the specific objectives that the research covers. It answers the following questions on the spot: why the present research is performed, which elements are included, and what has been considered for acquiring the final conclusions of the manuscript. Chapter IV gathers HAZOP-related literature from books, guidelines, standards, major journals, and conference proceedings with the purpose of classifying the research conducted over the years and finally define the HAZOP state-of-the-art. Additionally, and according to the information collected, the current HAZOP limitations have been emphasized, and thus, the research needs that should be considered for the HAZOP improvement and advance. Chapter V analyzes the data collected while preparing, organizing, executing and writing HAZOPs in five petroleum-refining processes. A statistical analysis has been performed to extract guidance and conclusions to support the established criteria to conduct effectively HAZOP studies. Chapter VI establishes the whole set of actions that have to be taken into account for ensuring a wellplanned and executed HAZOP study. Both technical and management issues are addressed, criteria supported after considering the previous chapters of the manuscript. Chapter VI itself is the result of the present research, and could be used as a guideline not only for team leaders, but also for any related party interested on performing HAZOPs in continuous chemical processes. Chapter VII states the final conclusions of the research. The interested parties should be released about the hazard identification related-gaps present in current process safety regulations; which are the key limitations of the HAZOP study, and finally, which are the criteria to cover the research needs that have been found Annex I proposes the key tools (tables, figures and checklists "ready-to use'') to be used for conducting HAZOPs in continuous chemical processes. The information layout is structured according to the proposed HAZOP Management System. This information is intended to provide concise and structured documentation to be used as a reference book when conducting HAZOPs. Annex II is intended to overview the most relevant petroleum refining processes by highlighting key factors to take into account in the point of view of process safety and hazard identification, i.e. HAZOP. In this sense, key health and safety information of specific petroleum refining units is provided as a valuable guidance during brainstorming sessions. Annex III illustrates the complete set of data collected during the field work of the present research, and also analyzed in Chapter V of the manuscript. Additionally, it depicts a statistical summary of the key variables treated during the analysis. Finally, the Nomenclature, References, and Abbreviations & Acronyms used and cited during the manuscript have been listed. Additionally, a Glossary of key terms related to the Process Safety field has been illustrated. / La present Tesis doctoral té com a objectiu estandarditzar l'aplicació d'una de les tècniques més utilitzades a la industria de procés per a la identificació de perills; l'anomenat HAZard & OPerability (HAZOP) study, específicament a processos complexes, com per exemple, unitat de refineria del petroli.El capítol I defineix el concepte de Seguretat de Processos, i progressivament analitza les diferents regulacions relacionades amb la temàtica, detallant específicament les mancances i buits d'informació que actualment hi ha presents a la primera etapa de la gestió del risc en industries de procés: la identificació de perills.El capítol II defineix el sistema de gestió del risc tecnològic que aplica a les industries de procés, i es justifica que l'etapa d'identificació de perills és el pilar de tot el sistema. Finalment, es mencionen algunes de les tècniques d'identificació més utilitzades, els anomenats Process Hazard Analysis (PHA), i es detallen les seves mancances i fortaleses, característiques que han acabat definint la temàtica específica de la Tesis. Concretament, es dóna èmfasis a la tècnica anomenada HAZard & OPerability (HAZOP) study, objecte principal de la recerca.El capítol III defineix l'abast, el propòsit i els objectius específics de la recerca. La intenció d'aquest capítol és donar resposta a les següents qüestions: el perquè de la recerca, quins elements han estat inclosos i què s'ha considerat per tal d'assolir les conclusions de la Tesis.El capítol IV descriu l'estat de l'art de la literatura relacionada amb el HAZOP. Aquesta revisió no només permet classificar les diferents línies de recerca relacionades amb el HAZOP, sinó que també permet assolir un coneixement profund de les diferents particularitats de la pròpia tècnica. El capítol finalitza amb un conjunt de mancances tant de gestió com tècniques, així com les necessitats de recerca que poden millorar l'organització i execució dels HAZOPs.El capítol V analitza la informació que ha estat recopilada durant la fase experimental de la tesis. Les dades procedeixen de la participació en cinc estudis HAZOP aplicats a la industria de refineria del petroli.En aquest sentit, el capítol V desenvolupa una anàlisi estadística d'aquestes dades per extreure'n conclusions quant a la preparació, organització i execució dels HAZOPs.El capítol VI estableix el conjunt d'accions que s'ha de tenir en compte per tal d'assegurar que un estudi HAZOP estigui ben organitzat i executat (la metodologia). Es defineix un Sistema de Gestió del HAZOP, i a partir de les seves fases, es desenvolupa una metodologia que pretén donar suport a tots aquells punts febles que han estat identificats en els capítols anteriors. Aquesta metodologia té la intenció de donar suport i guia no només als líders del HAZOP, sinó també a qualsevol part interessada en aquesta temàtica.El capítol VII descriu les conclusions de la recerca. En primera instància s'enumeren les mancances quant a la definició de criteris a seguir de diferents regulacions que apliquen a la Seguretat de Processos.Seguidament, es mencionen les limitacions de la pròpia tècnica HAZOP, i finalment, es descriuen quins són els criteris establerts per donar solució a totes aquestes febleses que han estat identificades.L'Annex I és una recopilació de diferents criteris que han estat desenvolupats al llarg de l'escrit en forma de taules i figures. Aquestes han estat ordenades cronològicament d'acord amb les diferents fases que defineixen el Sistema de Gestió HAZOP. L'annex I es pot utilitzar com a una referència concisa i pràctica, preparada i pensada per ésser utilitzada directament a camp, amb la intenció de donar suport a les parts interessades en liderar estudis HAZOP.L'annex II recopila informació relacionada amb aspectes clau de seguretat i medi ambient en diferents unitats de refineria. Aquest informació és un suport per tal de motivar el "brainstorming" dels diferents membres que conformen l'equip HAZOP.L'Annex III recopila les dades de les diferents variables que han estat considerades a la fase experimental de la recerca, juntament amb un conjunt de figures que mostren la seva estadística bàsica.