Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:34:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sartorijunior_s_me_bauru.pdf: 1386324 bytes, checksum: 49825726493676816e2e8705fcaafba8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Na área agrícola, um tipo de equipamento utilizado para a pulverização de pomares, consiste essencialmente de uma estrutura vertical com ventiladores dotados de bicos de pulverização, montados sobre um veículo que trafega entre as plantas. Em uma construção mais simples esta estrutura vertical é montada na parte traseira de um trator agrícola. Em uma construção mais complexa, esta estrutura vertical é montada sobre uma carreta ou trailer, que pode ter ou não suspensão. Em algumas situações, as oscilações laterais da estrutura vertical podem afetar negativamente o resultado do tratamento (pulverização). Assim é importante reconhecer e eventualmente controlar essas oscilações laterais. Este trabalho propõe modelos matemáticos para os movimentos de rolagem de um pulverizador de pomares do tipo torre, e analisa suas respostas a diferentes parâmetros e diferentes excitações. Também são estudados casos práticos utilizando parâmetros reais de um pulverizador para propor parâmetros para a suspensão da torre a fim de minimizar as oscilações e acelerações da estrutura. Os modelos são baseados no modelo do pêndulo invertido e podem ser configurados para um pulverizador de pomares simples, do tipo montado em um trator, ou montado sobre uma carreta com ou sem suspensão. As equações que governam os movimentos de oscilação lateral foram deduzidas pelos métodos de Newton-Euler assim como pelas equações de Lagrange e princípio de Hamilton. As simulações numéricas dos modelos foram implementadas no módulo Simulink® do aplicativo Matlab®. / In the agriculture field, a type of equipment to spray chemicals on orchards consists essentially of a vertical structure, with fans and spray nozzles attached, assembled on a vehicle that travels beside the plants. In a simple construction the vertical structure is attached directly behind the agricultural tractor. In a more complex construction, the vertical structure is attached on a trailer, with or without suspension. In some situations, the vertical structure lateral oscillations could affect negatively the results of the treatment. Thus, is important to recognize and even control these lateral oscillations. This dissertation proposes mathematical models for the roll movement of a tower sprayer, and analyzes its responses trough different parameters and excitations. Also analyzes a real case using an orchard sprayer’s parameters to propose a tower suspension to minimize lateral oscillations and accelerations on the structures. The models are based on the inverted pendulum model and can be used for simple orchard sprayer assembled directly on tractors, as well as for that ones assembled on trailers, with or without suspension. The governing equations of the models are deduced by Newton - Euler equations and also by Lagrange’s equations and Hamilton’s principle. The numerical simulations of models ware implemented using the Simulink® module of Matlab® software.

L’étude de la dynamique spatiale des bioagresseurs doit permettre, à terme, de prendre en compte le paysage afin de concevoir une gestion plus efficace en intégrant à la fois l’organisation spatiale des pratiques de lutte et des aménagements paysagers défavorables aux ravageurs. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la dynamique spatiale du carpocapse (Cydia pomonella), le principal insecte ravageur des vergers de pommiers et poiriers dans le sud-est de la France. Nous avons recherché, par une approche exploratoire à l’échelle du bassin de production, quels étaient les effets du paysage sur les densités de ce ravageur. Nous avons développé une approche de modélisation théorique pour approfondir la compréhension des mécanismes de la dynamique spatiale. Nous avons également analysé la répartition spatiale des larves de carpocapse à l’échelle du verger pour appréhender d’autres processus plus locaux. Il est apparu des effets significatifs du paysage à l’échelle du bassin de production comme à l’échelle du verger. Les effectifs de carpocapse étaient influencés négativement par la densité de vergers conventionnels dans l’environnement. Nous avons montré que cette relation pouvait être liée à une différence de dynamique locale des populations entre vergers en agriculture biologique et verger en agriculture conventionnelles, associée à des évènements de migration. Les effectifs étaient également plus faibles dans les zones protégées du vent. Au sein de certains vergers, nous avons détecté une hétérogénéité dans la répartition spatiale des larves de carpocapse. Dans ces vergers particuliers, les effectifs tendaient à être plus faibles à proximité d’une haie, effet en partie lié à la diversité floristique de la haie. Enfin, nous avons modélisé les dégâts sur fruit en fonction de la dynamique temporelle du ravageur. Les dégâts étaient positivement et significativement reliés aux captures d’adultes ; mais cette relation était influencée par des facteurs locaux (phytoprotection) et paysagers. / Studying pest spatial dynamics should help developing efficient integrated management including organization of spatial distribution of crop protection strategies at the landscape scale, and selection of landscape structures unfavorable for pest. In this thesis, we focused on spatial dynamics of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), the main insect pest of apple and pear orchards in southeastern France. We studied the landscape effects on the densities of this pest using a correlative approach at the scale of a fruit growing area. We developed a theoretical model of spatial dynamics in order to infer ecological mechanisms from correlative patterns. We also analyzed the spatial distribution of larvae at the orchard scale and studied local landscape effects. Codling moth densities were significantly related to landscape characteristics both at large and local scales. The number of codling moth was negatively correlated to the proportion of conventional host orchards in the surroundings. We showed that this relation may be a result of landscape heterogeneity and dispersal of the pest. The number of codling moth was also lower in those areas protected from the dominant wind. In some orchards, codling moth larvae were significantly aggregated and tended to be fewer in the proximity of the hedgerows with a potential effect of the flora diversity in the nearest hedgerow. Finally, we modeled fruit damage as a function of adult codling moth temporal dynamics. Damages were positively related to the number of trapped adults but this relation depended on local (crop protection) and landscape factors.

The diploma project deals with the construction of the catalogue houses on the outskirts of villages. In addition to the term suburban, the term subrural is introduced, which describes and names this type of construction. At the same time, the project examines the influence of advertising catalogues on the aesthetics of subrural gardens and the activities performed on them. The work comes with a proposal for an alternative subrural locality in the village of Příkazy near Olomouc. Thanks to the minimization of plots, the labor is also minimized and at the same time space is freed for public orchard running through the entire territory. This creates a diffusion of development into the agricultural landscape and on a smaller scale it creates a spectacular space around private gardens. Prefabricated bricks from hobby markets form the architectural expression of the project. From these elements are assembled objects and fragments of fences located in the landscape. At the same time, the fragments form a newly compiled catalogue, according to which inhabitants build their fences.

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella[Lepidoptera: Tortricidae], is a major entomological pest of apples, pears, and walnuts cross the world (Pajac et al. 2016). Female codling moths lay eggs on the apple exocarp and larvae burrow within the fruit causing economic losses to fruit growers.Organic apple orchards in San Luis Obispo, CA currently have three codling moth, Cydia pomonella,control options commercially available including granulovirus (CpVG), spinosad, and mating disruption. In field tests on apple (Malus), we compare percent fruit injury between treatments of granulovirus (2.43 oz/ha Cyd-X® organically approved, Certis USA, Columbia MD), spinosad (4.05 oz/ha Entrust® Naturalyte® organically approved WP formation, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis IN), and a control. We also compared mating disruption in form of codling moth Codlemone® sex pheromone (257 ties/ha (506 mg)/acre Isomate®-OFM TT organically approved Pacific Biocontrol Corporation Vancouver, WA) against a control. Delta taps and 1 mg pheromone lures were used to trap males and track the degree day (DD) model for the two orchard’s codling moth populations to determine application timing for each treatment. A preliminary DD model was used based on the University of California at Davis Agricultural Extension codling moth DD model. During 2016 trialsno detectible control was provided by spray treatments with an average fruit injury of 26% control, 23% granulovirus, 28% spinosad. During 2016 trialsno detectible control was provided by mating disruption with an average fruit injury of 16% control and 16% pheromone. During 2017 trials there was detectible control provided by the treatments to the crop by both spray treatmentsand pheromone ties. 2017 average fruit injury for spray treatments was 51% control, 20% granulovirus, and 14% spinosad. 2017 average fruit injury for mating disruption was 29% control and 6% pheromone. Data suggest underlying relationship between location specific climate factors, cultivars, codling moth populations, and treatment efficacy.

Identifying the resources that limit bee populations is essential both for bee conservation and pollination management in agroecosystems. Land-use change typically leads to decreased habitat availability for wild pollinators including loss of nesting habitat, which is an essential but often-overlooked resource for wild bees. Cavity-nesting bees, such as many Osmia spp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), occupy holes in wood or reeds to build their nests; due to their nesting habits, they are frequently scarce in agricultural settings, although, under the right circumstances, these bees can be ideal pollinators of apple and other orchard crops. Artificial nesting structures (“bee hotels”, “trap nests”, or “nest boxes”) are used to study cavity-nesting bees and have been posited as solutions for promoting bee conservation. To evaluate the effects of additional nesting habitat on the local abundance of Osmia spp., and on bees more generally, artificial nesting structures for cavity-nesting bees were installed at 24 sites in apple orchards around Ottawa in 2021 and 2022. Each site had two treatments: one with nest boxes, and one without (control). Transect walks were conducted to measure overall bee contact (including contact by Osmia spp.) with apple blossoms and, after the end of apple bloom, with flowers in the undergrowth and/or in shrubs. Numbers of apple buds and developing fruit were also recorded. Osmia spp. and overall bee numbers were both significantly higher in the treatment with nest boxes (44% and 15% higher, respectively, in 2021, and 113% and 47% higher, respectively, in 2022); however, there was no difference in fruit set (apple count/bud count) between the two treatments. Thus, nest boxes seem to locally increase Osmia spp. numbers as well as total bee numbers, but they have no apparent effect on apple yield, likely because apple production was not pollinator limited in the years of this study. These findings suggest that bee populations in apple orchards are limited by nesting resources, which has important implications for orchard management practices and bee conservation policy.

L'intérêt des prédateurs généralistes dans la lutte biologique par conservation est peu étudié en verger de pommiers. Cette thèse visait à déterminer le rôle de prédateurs généralistes invertébrés (principalement carabes et araignées) et vertébrés (mésanges et chauves souris) dans le contrôle de trois ravageurs clés du pommier et de définir les éléments paysagers qui leur sont favorables. Pour cela, nous avons effectué des suivis de populations dans des vergers en agriculture biologique et nous les avons associés à des mesures de prédation des ravageurs par analyse moléculaire des contenus stomacaux et faeces des prédateurs à l'aide d'amorces spécifiques développées à cet effet. Nous montrons que les ravageurs sont consommés dès leur apparition dans les vergers, notamment les pucerons par les araignées de la frondaison, ce qui suggère que ces prédateurs ont un potentiel de régulation important. De plus une complémentarité temporelle semble exister entre araignées et carabes dans le contrôle des tordeuses. L'influence des éléments paysagers intra et extra verger diffère selon les taxa de prédateurs considérés. Ce dernier résultat suggère des compromis dans les aménagements à réaliser pour favoriser leur action et la nécessité d'une meilleure compréhension de leur écologie. / Generalist predators have been merely studied in conservation biological control studies in apple orchards. This work aimed to determine the potential of invertebrate (arthropods, mainly carabids and spiders) and vertebrate (great tits and bats) predators at suppressing three key apple pests and then to devise which landscape features are beneficial to them. For this purpose, we monitored pest and predator populations in organic apple orchards of southeastern France and related their abundance and diversity to measures of pest predation using molecular gut content and faeces analysis with specific primers designed for this purpose. We found that pests were consumed as soon as they arrived in the orchard, in particular aphid by canopy spiders, indicating that these predators are likely to be efficient. We also observed some temporal complementarity in predation of tortricids by spiders and carabids. Finally, the influence of landscape features within and surrounding the orchards was different for the different studied taxa suggesting the need for compromises in orchard management for enhancing natural enemy populations and for a better consideration of the ecology of these predators.

Este estudio constituye una importante fuente de información sobre el potencial de los sírfidos depredadores (Diptera: Syrphidae, Syrphinae) como agentes biológicos para el control de plagas en cultivos agrícolas en Venezuela. Las larvas de los Syrphidae presentan una morfología muy variada y poseen una gran diversidad de modos de vida. La mayor parte de los representantes de la subfamilia Syrphinae, son depredadores de una amplia gama de hemípteros de cuerpo blando aunque también pueden alimentarse de otros artrópodos. Las principales presas de los sírfidos depredadores son los áfidos o pulgones (Aphididae), escamas (Coccoidea), aleuródidos (Aleyrodidae) y trips (Thripidae). Para la realización de la presente Tesis doctoral se realizó un muestreo en los principales cultivos del estado Lara y se revisó la colección del Museo de Entomología José M. Osorio (MJMO = UCOB, según el Biodiversity Collections Index) de la Universidad Centroccidental "Lisandro Alvarado". También se revisaron ejemplares de la colección del Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola (MIZA) de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Entre los resultados de la tesis, se presenta una base de datos con los sírfidos depredadores estudiados con un total de 2571 ejemplares agrupados en 11 géneros y 59 especies. Del total de especies estudiadas, al menos se identificaron 15 nuevos taxa para la ciencia. Adicionalmente, se realizó un inventario de las presas y plantas asociadas a cada especie de Syrphidae depredador. Se reportaron nuevas especies de presas y plantas asociadas que aumentan de manera significativa el conocimiento de estas relaciones conocidas hasta la fecha en Venezuela. Como ejemplo, para A. exotica, se indican 6 nuevas presas y 23 plantas hospedantes; para P. clavatus se registran 7 nuevas plantas hospedantes. Por último, destacar 26 nuevos registros de presas relacionadas con el género Ocyptamus sobre 33 especies de plantas asociadas, presentando la mayor diversidad de presas de todos los sírfidos estudiados. En función de los resultados obtenidos en el muestreo se procedió al estudio del potencial biológico de Allograpta exotica, Pseudodoros clavatus y Ocyptamus dimidiatus, utilizando como presa al áfido de las leguminosas, Aphis craccivora en condiciones de laboratorio. Los parámetros biológicos de la especie (A. exotica) fueron estudiados en detalle. Las curvas de respuesta funcional de A. exotica se ajustaron mejor y mostraron el valor más alto de R2 para el modelo Polinomial indicando una fuerte correlación entre el aumento de áfidos depredados por A. exotica y las diferentes densidades ofrecidas de A. craccivora. El coeficiente de determinación para el modelo de Holling sugiere que A. exotica responde al Tipo de curva II. De manera complementaria a los estudios anteriores, se procedió al análisis de la morfología preimaginal de los géneros Allograpta, Pseudodoros y Ocyptamus. Además, se estudió la morfología preimaginal de Eosalpingogaster umbra Mengual y Thompson, Salpingogaster nigra Schiner, Leucopodella sp. nov. y xanthandrus bucephalus (wiedemann) aportando las primeras informaciones conocidas sobre su morfología preimaginal y las implicaciones sistemáticas derivadas. Se describen por vez primera el pupario, la larva madura (L-3) y la quetotaxia de O. dimidiatus y O. gastrostactus. También se describen los puparios de Ocyptamus funebris, O. norina, O. phaeopterus O. stenogaster, Ocyptamus lividus, O. tristani y Ocyptamus sp.nov aff. attenuatus. Por último se incluye una clave de identificación diagnóstica de las especies de Ocyptamus cuya morfología preimaginal ha sido analizada en esta memoria. / Consejo de Desarrollo Científico, Humanístico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (CDCHT-UCLA), financiamiento al proyecto de Tesis Doctoral 003-DAG-2007.

Orientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes / Resumo: O êxito dos programas de melhoramento florestal requer que a predição do progresso genético seja proporcional ao progresso genético real. Para isso, é possível unir a genética quantitativa com ferramentas moleculares, que permitem estimar parâmetros com maior acuidade para seleção. O objetivo foi verificar a diversidade genética, o sistema de reprodução e as relações de parentesco em populações de polinização aberta de Eucalyptus urophylla, para selecionar cruzamentos e genitores. Para tanto, foram utilizados dois Pomares de Sementes por Mudas (PSM) e uma amostra de indivíduos adultos em um teste de progênies (PCPN). Para compor um teste de progênies de segunda geração (TP2G) foram coletadas sementes em 23 árvores matrizes em um dos PSM. As populações estão localizadas na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, em Selvíria-MS. Os indivíduos do TP2G (722) e os adultos (467) foram genotipados com 12 marcadores microssatélites (SSR) e os locos avaliados para verificar se são marcadores genéticos. Os caracteres silviculturais foram mensurados nos PSM e no TP2G. Os marcadores SSR formaram um conjunto consistente de marcadores genéticos. A diversidade genética das populações foi elevada e a redução foi pequena entre as gerações. O índice de fixação foi significativo para todas as populações e maior nos descendentes, a indicar a presença de endogamia. A taxa de cruzamento indicou que a reprodução ocorreu predominantemente por cruzamentos (0,964). Houve cruzamentos entre parentes, co... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The success of forest breeding programs requires that the prediction of genetic progress be proportionate to actual genetic progress. For this, it is possible to join the quantitative genetics with molecular tools, which allow to estimate parameters with greater acuity for selection. The main was to verify the genetic diversity, mating system and kinship relationships in open pollinated populations of Eucalyptus urophylla, to select crosses and parents. In order to do, two seedlings seed orchards (SSO) and an adult sample of individuals were used in a progeny test (PCPN). To compose a second generation progenies test (2GPT) seeds were collected in 23 mother trees in one of the SSO. The populations are located in the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, in Selvíria-MS. The individuals from 2GTP (722) and adults (467) were genotyped with 12 microsatellite markers (SSR) and the loci evaluated for genetic markers. Silvicultural traits were measured in the SSO and 2GPT. SSR markers formed a consistent set of genetic markers. The genetic diversity of the populations was high and the reduction was small between generations. The fixation index was significant for all populations and higher in the offspring, indicating the presence of inbreeding. The multilocus estimate of outcrossing rate indicated that reproduction occurred predominantly by crosses (0.964). There were crosses between relatives, crosses correlated and self-fertilization. As a result, inbreeding in the progenies wa... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by Silvelise Pupin null (silvelise.pupin@gmail.com) on 2018-02-26T14:04:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_SilvelisePupin_VersãoFinal.pdf: 4478878 bytes, checksum: e608d55d4107cfa94a50f52defea2fad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-02-26T14:25:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pupin_s_dr_ilha.pdf: 4478878 bytes, checksum: e608d55d4107cfa94a50f52defea2fad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-26T14:25:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pupin_s_dr_ilha.pdf: 4478878 bytes, checksum: e608d55d4107cfa94a50f52defea2fad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O êxito dos programas de melhoramento florestal requer que a predição do progresso genético seja proporcional ao progresso genético real. Para isso, é possível unir a genética quantitativa com ferramentas moleculares, que permitem estimar parâmetros com maior acuidade para seleção. O objetivo foi verificar a diversidade genética, o sistema de reprodução e as relações de parentesco em populações de polinização aberta de Eucalyptus urophylla, para selecionar cruzamentos e genitores. Para tanto, foram utilizados dois Pomares de Sementes por Mudas (PSM) e uma amostra de indivíduos adultos em um teste de progênies (PCPN). Para compor um teste de progênies de segunda geração (TP2G) foram coletadas sementes em 23 árvores matrizes em um dos PSM. As populações estão localizadas na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, em Selvíria-MS. Os indivíduos do TP2G (722) e os adultos (467) foram genotipados com 12 marcadores microssatélites (SSR) e os locos avaliados para verificar se são marcadores genéticos. Os caracteres silviculturais foram mensurados nos PSM e no TP2G. Os marcadores SSR formaram um conjunto consistente de marcadores genéticos. A diversidade genética das populações foi elevada e a redução foi pequena entre as gerações. O índice de fixação foi significativo para todas as populações e maior nos descendentes, a indicar a presença de endogamia. A taxa de cruzamento indicou que a reprodução ocorreu predominantemente por cruzamentos (0,964). Houve cruzamentos entre parentes, correlacionados e autofecundação. Em função disso, a endogamia nas progênies foi superior a população parental e a principal razão foi o cruzamento entre parentes, o que resultou em maior endogamia. Além disso, as relações de parentesco foram superiores no TP2G. Houve fluxo de pólen entre as populações e o número de doadores de pólen foi elevado pela análise de paternidade, que permitiu determinar o provável candidato a pai de 713 indivíduos do TP2G. Com isso foi possível estudar o teste de progênies de polinização aberta como um teste de irmãos completos, permitindo estimar as capacidades gerais e específicas de combinação. Para o diâmetro a altura do peito o ganho genético baseado no valor genotípico do cruzamento foi elevado (> 20%), assim como a seleção clonal, que indicou ganhos consideráveis (> 65%). Assim, é possível dar continuidade ao Programa de Melhoramento, indicando cruzamentos e genótipos promissores de E. urophylla. / The success of forest breeding programs requires that the prediction of genetic progress be proportionate to actual genetic progress. For this, it is possible to join the quantitative genetics with molecular tools, which allow to estimate parameters with greater acuity for selection. The main was to verify the genetic diversity, mating system and kinship relationships in open pollinated populations of Eucalyptus urophylla, to select crosses and parents. In order to do, two seedlings seed orchards (SSO) and an adult sample of individuals were used in a progeny test (PCPN). To compose a second generation progenies test (2GPT) seeds were collected in 23 mother trees in one of the SSO. The populations are located in the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, in Selvíria-MS. The individuals from 2GTP (722) and adults (467) were genotyped with 12 microsatellite markers (SSR) and the loci evaluated for genetic markers. Silvicultural traits were measured in the SSO and 2GPT. SSR markers formed a consistent set of genetic markers. The genetic diversity of the populations was high and the reduction was small between generations. The fixation index was significant for all populations and higher in the offspring, indicating the presence of inbreeding. The multilocus estimate of outcrossing rate indicated that reproduction occurred predominantly by crosses (0.964). There were crosses between relatives, crosses correlated and self-fertilization. As a result, inbreeding in the progenies was higher than in the parental population and the main reason was cross between relatives. In addition, kinship relations were higher in 2GPT. There was pollen flow among the populations and the number of pollen donors was higher by paternity analysis, which allowed to determine the probable candidate father of 713 individuals of the 2GPT. Thus, it was possible to study the open pollinated progeny test as a full sib test, allowing the estimation of general and specific combining abilities. For the diameter at breast height, the genetic gain based on the genotypic value of the cross was high (> 20%), as well as the clonal selection, which indicated considerable gains (> 65%). Thus, it is possible to continue the Breeding Program, indicating promising crosses and genotypes of E. urophylla. / FAPESP: 2014/03407-7

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV11MA082.pdf: 598754 bytes, checksum: 43c782069b53e20aa6e95ab94d5ad243 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-30 / The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedermann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important pest in temperate fruit production in Brazil. In apple orchards the insect causes damage to immature fruit, as well as fruits in the final stages of maturation. Control is done through broad spectrum application of phosphate insecticides or with toxic baits; both of which are facing increasing restrictions and limitations in their use. Unfortunately, there are few alternatives to control the South American fruit fly in orchard cultivations. This study compares toxic baits formulations containing a new insecticide, spinosad, to two commercially available baits: Biofruit® + Malathion and Success 0,02 CB®. The experiments were conducted in laboratory with adult A. fraterculus to assess their feeding responses, as well as the durability of each formulation under exposure to radiation and rain. The formulations tested were: a) ANA 01 - (23,0% SPLAT® + 24,2% attractant + 0,1% spinosad), b) ANA 02 - (40,0% SPLAT® + 24,2% attractant + 0,1% spinosad), c) ANA 03 - (49,0% SPLAT® + 24,2% attractant + 0,1% spinosad), d) ANA 04 - (49,0% SPLAT® + 20,2% attractant (less 4% from protein) + 0,1% spinosad), e) ANA 05 - (49,0% SPLAT® + 20,2% attractant (less 4% of sources of carbohydrate) + 0,1% spinosad), f ) Success 0,02 CB® - (attractant + spinosad), g) Malathion 1000 CE (0,15%) + hydrolyzed protein (Biofruit® 3%), and h) control using distilled water only. The efficacy of the formulations containing spinosad (ANA 02 and ANA 03) was equivalent to the commercial standards (Success 0,02 CB® and Biofruit® + Malathion) in terms of feeding responses at 96 hours after delivery of treatments. The ANA 03 and Success 0,02 CB® formulations showed greater resistance to solar radiation compared to the other treatments at 35 days after delivery, resulting in 48% fly mortality. For tests of formulation rain-fastness, all ANA treatments tested were more persistent during 20 mm and 50 mm of rainfall compared to the commercial standard formulations. The ANA 01 and Biofruit® + Malathion® formulations resulted in 50% fly mortality in the shortest amount of time; 6.61 hours and 8.71 hours respectively. The formulations that took the longest to achieve 50% mortality were ANA 03 (15,68 hours) and ANA 04 (15,50 hours). The restriction of protein attractant in the formulations reduced the fly response more so than restricting carbohydrates. The ANA 03 formulation was highly efficient in the control of A. fraterculus, equivalent to Success 0,02 CB® in both feeding responses and resistance to solar radiation, and outperforming all other treatments in terms of rain-fastness. In a second experiment this toxic bait was applied in two organic apple orchards (Gala) in São Joaquim, SC, to evaluate its impact on South American fruit fly populations. The test was conducted during two growing seasons 2009-10 and 2010-11, beginning at the end of thinning when fruits measured 20 mm in diameter, and continued until harvest. The ANA 03 formulation was distributed in the borders on natural vegetation and reapplied every two weeks. Sampling of captured adults was measured weekly in McPhail traps with torula yeast attractant. Damage evaluations were performed at the beginning of the harvest. Application of ANA 03 reduced the South American fruit fly populations by 74,24% and 66,21% in the first and second seasons respectively, when compared with the control fields. Even with a population reduction, the fruit damage did not differ significantly between treatments: ANA 03 (18,31% ±6,72) and control (30,99% ±8,01) in the first season. In the following year, the reduction in fruit damage was significantly different in the treated area (79,67% ±5,83) compared to the control (96,60% ±1,37). The toxic bait formulation ANA 03 has a significant impact on reducing A. fraterculus populations; however, it does not prevent flies from migrating into orchards / A mosca-das-frutas sul-americana Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera:Tephritidae) é uma das pragas de maior importância para a fruticultura de clima temperado no Brasil. Na cultura de macieira o inseto causa danos em frutos imaturos, bem como nos estádios finais de maturação. O controle do inseto é feito através de aplicações inseticidas fosforados em cobertura ou com iscas tóxicas, sendo que poucas alternativas de manejo existem na cultura. Porém o uso de fosforados vem sofrendo restrições progressivas e a busca de novos inseticidas é uma necessidade premente. Este trabalho comparou a eficiência de formulações de iscas tóxicas contendo o inseticida espinosade com dois padrões comerciais Biofrut®+ Malathion e Success 0,02 CB®. As avaliações foram realizadas em laboratório com adultos de A. fraterculus quanto à resposta alimentar dos insetos, resistência dos tratamentos a radiação solar e à chuva. As formulações testadas foram: a) ANA 01 - (SPLAT® 23,00% + atrativo M7 24,20% + espinosade 0,1%); b) ANA 02 (SPLAT® 40,00% + atrativo M7 24,20% + espinosade 0,1%); c) ANA 03 (SPLAT® 49,00% + atrativo M7 24,20% + espinosade 0,1%); d) ANA 04 (SPLAT® 49,00% + atrativo M7 20,20% menos 4% de fontes proteicas + espinosade 0,1%); e) ANA 05 (SPLAT® 49,00% + atrativo M7 20,20% menos 4% de fontes de carboidrato (açúcar) + espinosade 0,1%); f) Success 0,02 CB® - (atrativos + espinosade); g) Malathion 1000 CE (0,15%) + proteína hidrolisada (Biofruit® 3%) e h) Testemunha água destilada. A eficiência das novas formulações contendo espinosade (ANA 02 e ANA 03) foram equivalentes aos padrões comerciais (Success 0,02 CB® e Biofruit®+ Malathion) quanto a resposta alimentar em 96 HAF (horas após o fornecimento dos tratamentos). Para os testes de resistência à irradiação solar as formulações ANA 03 e Success 0,02 CB® foram superiores aos demais tratamentos 35 DAF (dias após o fornecimento). Quanto ao efeito da chuva observou-se que as formulações ANA foram superiores aos demais tratamentos tanto para lâminas de 20 mm, como de 50 mm de chuvas. As iscas tóxicas ANA 01 e Biofruit®+ Malathion apresentaram os menores valores de TL (tempo letal) 50 com 6,61 e 8,71 horas respectivamente. Os maiores valores de TL50 foram registrados para as formulações ANA 03 (15,68 horas) e ANA 04 (15,50 horas). A restrição de atrativos proteicos nas iscas tóxicas reduz a resposta alimentar dos insetos com maior intensidade que a de carboidratos (açúcares). A formulação ANA 03 apresentou alta capacidade no controle de Anastrepha fraterculus sendo equivalente a isca comercial Success 0,02 CB® nos testes de resposta alimentar e resistência a radiação. Nos testes com chuva simulada, o tratamento ANA 03 foi superior aos demais tratamentos. Esta formulação foi utilizada em pomares orgânicos de macieira na região de São Joaquim, SC para avaliação do efeito de aplicações da isca na borda do pomar sobre populações da mosca-das-frutas. As avaliações foram conduzidas durante duas safras (2009/2010 e 2010/2011), com aplicações iniciadas após o fim do raleio - frutos com até 20 mm de diâmetro e conduzidas até a colheita da cultivar Gala. A isca foi distribuída nas plantas espontâneas da periferia dos pomares e reaplicada quinzenalmente. A amostragem de adultos foi feita semanalmente com armadilhas McPhail e atrativo torula. As avaliações de danos em frutos foram feitas em plantas marcadas no início da colheita. As aplicações reduziram as populações de adultos da mosca-das-frutas capturados nas armadilhas em 74,24% e 66,21% na primeira e segunda safra respectivamente, em comparação com a área testemunha. Mesmo com a redução nos níveis populacionais, os danos em frutos não diferenciaram significativamente entre os tratamentos com isca (18,31%±6,72) e testemunha (30,99%±8,01) na primeira safra. No segundo ano a redução de danos foi significativa na área tratada (79,67%±5,83) em comparação com a testemunha (96,60%±1,37). Conclui-se que a isca tóxica ANA 03 tem efeito sobre as populações do inseto, mas não impede o acesso das moscas-das-frutas às áreas de produção resultando em danos significativos nos frutos