Le marketing expérientiel s’est construit autour d’une promesse : être en capacité de créer et d’offrir à ses clients des expériences extraordinaires. Ce cadre théorique, qui a plus de trente ans, s’inscrit dans une vision traditionnelle du marketing ; l’entreprise doit créer de la valeur pour ses clients et dans le paradigme expérientiel, cette création passe par la mise en place d’un contexte expérientiel visant à ré-enchanter la consommation. Ce constat a soulevé plusieurs interrogations chez l’auteur : d’une part l’entreprise peut-elle créer des expériences ? et d’autre part qu’entendons-nous par « ré-enchantement » ? Ce sont ces interrogations qui ont nourri la réflexion de départ de cette thèse. Cette réflexion a conduit à la formulation d’une problématique et des questions de recherche autour de l’expérience ordinaire vécue par le consommateur.En marketing plusieurs auteurs ont identifié les principaux aspects qui ressortent des expériences ordinaires des consommateurs. Néanmoins, ces recherches ne permettent pas de saisir ce qu’elles représentent du point de vue du consommateur. Pourtant, dans une optique managériale, identifier « l’ordinaire » du point de vue du consommateur permettrait aux entreprises de comprendre où se situe la valeur que celui-ci perçoit de l’expérience qu’il a qualifié d’ordinaire. Ainsi, cela permettrait aux entreprises de mettre en place des dispositifs ciblés pour améliorer l’ordinaire de leurs clients à travers la mise en œuvre d’un marketing du quotidien. Grâce à la mise en œuvre d’une méthodologie qualitative (entretiens compréhensifs et photo-élicitation), cette thèse s’interroge sur la compréhension du vécu des consommateurs dans des expériences qu’ils qualifient aux-même d’ordinaires. C’est à travers l’articulation des travaux scientifiques et de l’apport original de la littérature que cette recherche fournit une analyse de cet univers ordinaire à travers la consommation. S’interroger sur ce qui est constitutif de ce type d’expérience permet de proposer une grille de lecture de celle-ci en donnant des clés de compréhension du sens que les consommateurs lui donne. / Experiential marketing is built around a promise: to be able to create and offer its customers extraordinary experiences. This theoretical framework, which is over thirty years old, is part of a traditional vision of marketing; the company must create value for its customers and in the experiential paradigm, this creation involves the setting up of an experiential context aiming at re-enchanting the consumption.This observation has raised several questions for the author: on the one hand can the company create experiments? and on the other hand what do we mean by "re-enchantment"? These are the questions that nourished the initial reflection of this thesis. This reflection led to the formulation of a problem and research questions around the ordinary experience lived by the consumer.In marketing several authors have identified the main aspects that emerge from the ordinary experiences of consumers. Nevertheless, this research does not capture what they represent from the point of view of the consumer. However, from a managerial perspective, identifying the "ordinary" from the consumer's point of view will enable companies to understand where the value they perceive from the experience they have described as ordinary is. Thus, this would allow companies to set up measures devices to improve the ordinary of their customers through the implementation of a daily marketing. Thanks to a qualitative methodology (interviews and photo-analysis), this research examines the understanding of consumers' experiences through experiences they describe as ordinary. With the help of scientific works and the original contribution of literature that this thesis provides an analysis of this ordinary universe through consumption. Searching what constitutes this type of experience makes it possible to interpretative framework which will help understand the meaning that consumers attach to it.

The intent of this thesis is to develop ordinary differential equation models to better understand the mosquito population. We first develop a framework model, where we determine the condition under which a natural mosquito population can persist in the environment. Wolbachia is a bacterium which limits the replication of viruses inside the mosquito which it infects. As a result, infecting a mosquito population with Wolbachia can decrease the transmission of viral mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue. We develop another ODE model to investigate the invasion of Wolbachia in a mosquito population. In a biologically feasible situation, we determine three coexisting equilibria: a stable Wolbachia-free equilibrium, an unstable coexistence equilibrium, and a complete invasion equilibrium. We establish the conditions under which a population of Wolbachia infected mosquitoes may persist in the environment via the next generation number and determine when a natural mosquito population may experience a complete invasion of Wolbachia.

Master of Science / Department of Statistics / Nora Bello / Ordered categorical responses are frequently encountered in many disciplines. Examples of interest in agriculture include quality assessments, such as for soil or food products, and evaluation of lesion severity, such as teat ends status in dairy cattle. Ordered categorical responses are characterized by multiple categories or levels recorded on a ranked scale that, while apprising relative order, are not informative of magnitude of or proportionality between levels. A number of statistically sound models for ordered categorical responses have been proposed, such as logistic regression and probit models, but these are commonly underutilized in practice. Instead, the ordinary least squares linear regression model is often employed with ordered categorical responses despite violation of basic model assumptions. In this study, the inferential implications of this approach are investigated using a simulation study that evaluates robustness based on realized Type I error rate and statistical power. The design of the simulation study is motivated by applied research cases reported in the literature. A variety of plausible scenarios were considered for simulation, including various shapes of the frequency distribution and different number of categories of the ordered categorical response. Using a real dataset on frequency of antimicrobial use in feedlots, I demonstrate the inferential performance of ordinary least squares linear regression on ordered categorical responses relative to a probit model.

Anthropological approaches to contexts of violence and conflict often focus on the exceptional and extraordinary moment of violence or its memory, leaving little room for the ordinary ways in and through which much conflict is lived. How might conflict and violence permeate ordinary practice, daily events and experience? What about the mundane and anticipatory moments through which violence may be predicted, anticipated and waited upon? This thesis explores ordinary security perspectives and practices among Jewish-Israelis in Tel Aviv. It is based on 21 months of ethnographic fieldwork among security guards, civil guards and city residents between 2005 and 2007 as they do and discuss bitachon (security). Participant observation with street-level security staff, with civil guard patrols and within the critical activities and conversations at a local neighbourhood kiosk café all explore practices, perspectives and experiences of security. This thesis argues that security practices that are often invoked as a precaution against danger and a provider of protection may paradoxically produce a sense of even more danger, uncertainty and insecurity. Security is not only about spectacular conflicts or strategic concepts but is also engaged with and experienced through mundane and ordinary social life. As well as claiming to protect the nation-state or managing strategic threats, security is also a kind of practice and emotion; an atmosphere, activity, and a feeling. Security is not only about extraordinary events and explosive situations, but also about a particular kind of waiting; an uncertain and boring anticipation of potential violence to come. It may be less about performance, legibility, or defence against dangerous others, than the identification of intimate and illegible populations, the playing out of racialized notions of danger and the ethno-nationalist uncertainties of the nation-state. In this context, collective anxieties and insecurities may be brought about not by the scale or magnitude of security threats, but by the perceived incapacity and protective impotence of the state. This thesis contributes to the anthropology of conflict and violence, the anthropology of Israel/Palestine and urban anthropology more generally. It points towards ways in which anthropology may meaningfully contribute to and enter dialogue with security studies, and argues in favour of an ordinary approach to the analysis of conflict and security.

The principal theorem of this thesis is a theorem by Peano on the existence of a solution to a certain integral equation. The two primary notions underlying this theorem are uniform convergence and equi-continuity. Theorems related to these two topics are proved in Chapter II. In Chapter III we state and prove a classical existence and uniqueness theorem for an integral equation. In Chapter IV we consider the approximation on certain functions by means of elementary expressions involving "bent line" functions. The last chapter, Chapter V, is the proof of the theorem by Peano mentioned above. Also included in this chapter is an example in which the integral equation has more than one solution. The first chapter sets forth basic definitions and theorems with which the reader should be acquainted.

Essa tese tem como questão central o estatuto teórico e clínico da Psicose Ordinária, hipótese clínica proposta desde 1998, no âmbito da Associação Mundial de Psicanálise (AMP), como tentativa de abordagem e de teorização sobre os casos atípicos da clínica psicanalítica: sintomas que não preenchem claramente os critérios de formação substitutiva e de mensagem simbólica da neurose, mas também não configuram os clássicos fenômenos elementares da psicose. Apresentada inicialmente como um programa de investigação e de refinamento da diferenciação entre neurose e psicose, a hipótese de Psicose Ordinária, no entanto, passou a ser cada vez mais utilizada como um diagnóstico, mobilizando intenso debate no campo da psicanálise de orientação lacaniana. Considerando a importância do diagnóstico diferencial para a condução de um tratamento, a pesquisa tem o objetivo de delimitar a especificidade, o alcance conceitual, bem como os limites da noção de Psicose Ordinária. Para isso, inicialmente, discutese o que é um conceito em psicanálise e são apresentadas as principais perspectivas com que a questão do diagnóstico vem sendo abordada na psicanálise lacaniana. A noção de Psicose Ordinária é interrogada a partir da análise crítica da extensa bibliografia produzida a respeito, visando identificar os fatos clínicos, as matrizes conceituais e as linhas argumentativas que sustentam sua proposição, sua utilização, bem como as críticas que lhe são endereçadas. Conclui-se que a Psicose Ordinária é um conceito forjado a partir das premissas e dos avanços teóricos do último ensino de Lacan e configura uma nova categoria clínica dentro do campo das psicoses: uma psicose não desencadeada, onde a singularidade de um sinthoma assegura, ainda que de forma frágil, o enlaçamento de Real, Simbólico e Imaginário e a inserção no laço social. Propõe-se que a Psicose Ordinária configura, também, uma ferramenta epistêmica com potencial de circunscrever e fazer avançar a tarefa de precisar as especificidades e as implicações teóricas e clínicas da evolução do ensino de Lacan / This thesis has the theoretical and clinical statute of Ordinary Psychosis as its core question, a clinical hypothesis proposed in 1998 within the scope of the World Association of Psychoanalysis (AMP), as an attempt to approach and theorize about the atypical cases in the psychoanalytic clinic: symptoms that do not clearly meet the criteria of substitutive formation and of neurosis symbolic message, but neither configure the classic elementary phenomena of psychosis. Initially presented as a program of investigation and refinement of the differentiation between neurosis and psychosis, the hypothesis of Ordinary Psychosis, however, has become increasingly used as a diagnosis, mobilizing intense debate in the field of Lacanian-oriented psychoanalysis. Considering the importance of the differential diagnosis for conducting a treatment, the research aimed at delimiting the specificity, the conceptual scope, as well as the limits of the hypothesis of ordinary psychosis. To do so, initially, it is discussed what a concept is in psychoanalysis, then, the main perspectives, with which the diagnosis matters are being approached in Lacanian psychoanalysis, are presented. Ordinary Psychosis is interrogated from the critical analysis in the extensive bibliography produced concerning the subject, whose aim is to identify the clinical facts, its conceptual matrices and the argumentative lines that support its proposition, its utilization, as well as the critiques addressed to it. A conclusion is reached: Ordinary Psychosis is a concept which was forged based on premises and theoretical advances of Lacan´s last teaching. It configures a new clinical category within the field of psychoses an unchained psychosis, in which the singularity of a sinthoma ensures, although in a fragile way, the entanglement of Real, Symbolic and Imaginary and the insertion in the social bond. It is proposed that Ordinary Psychosis also constitutes an epistemic tool with potential to circumscribe and advance the task of specifying the peculiarities and the theoretical and clinical implications of Lacan\'s teaching evolution

Représenter l’homme ordinaire, c’est dans ce travail considérer la construction d’un commun du voir sur un commun aux hommes. Ordinaire vient du latin ordo, « rangé par ordre ». Ce n’est donc pas tant une question de forme que de regard. Ce travail ne porte pas sur l’homme ordinaire mais sur un regard qui voit l’homme ordinaire. C’est un regard politique, qui dit ce qui doit être vu au sein d’une société. C’est à la fois une violence et un confort du voir : imposition d’une représentation qui définirait ce qu’est un homme une fois pour toutes, mais également, confort de regards qui se réunissent autour d’une figure qu’ils reconnaissent et qu’ils partagent.Représenter l’homme ordinaire, dans les Caractères de la Bruyère, dans les Physiologies publiées dans la presse du XIXe siècle, dans des images d’anatomie et de physiologie médicales, dans les Français peints par eux mêmes, dans la couverture d'un catalogue IKEA ou dans les pages d'un magazine people, c’est adresser une représentation aux regards d’un public qui reconnaît quelque chose qui lui vient d’un vivre et d’un voir communs, qu’il a appris à reconnaître dans la société dans laquelle il est inscrit. Reconnaître de l’ordinaire, et de l’ordinaire de l’homme dans une représentation, c’est pour un regard dire que des individus peuvent être identifiés de la même manière. Ce n’est pas une notion genrée, mais une formule qui renvoie au « commun du voir » d’une société. Nous nous sommes intéressés à chercher comment un regard peut voir l’homme ordinaire : notre travail s’inscrit dans une sémiotique du voir qui se demande comment une société construit des catégories du voir qui permettent à ceux qui les partagent de construire un voir commun. / Representing the ordinary man is, in this work, considering that a common look is built on a human common. Ordinary comes from the word ordo, « arranged by order ». This is not about shapes or forms but more about a view. This work is not about the ordinary man but about a view that can see an ordinary man. This is a political view, that told what has to be seen in a society. It is a violence, and a comfort of viewing at the same time : a representation that imposes what is a man, definitely, but also, comfort of views that gather around a figure that they recognize and share.Representing the ordinary man, in Les Caractères by La Bruyère, in the Physiologies published in the XIX century press, in anatomical and physiological pictures, in Les Français peints par eux-mêmes, on an IKEA catalog cover or in a people magazine pages, is addressing a representation to a public that recognizes something that comes from a common view and a common living, that this public learned to recognize in a society. Recognizing something ordinary, and something ordinary about men, means that individuals can be identified the same way. This is not a gender notion, but a formula that leads to the « common seeing » of a society. We searched how to be able to see an ordinary man : our work remains in semiotics of seeing that asks how a society builds categories of seeing that permits to whose who share them to build a common seeing.

Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados da investigação quanto à eficácia do algoritmo de pós-processamento para a correção do efeito de suavização nas estimativas da krigagem ordinária. Foram consideradas três distribuições estatísticas distintas: gaussiana, lognormal e lognormal invertida. Como se sabe, dentre estas distribuições, a distribuição lognormal é a mais difícil de trabalhar, já que neste tipo de distribuição apresenta um grande número de valores baixos e um pequeno número de valores altos, sendo estes responsáveis pela grande variabilidade do conjunto de dados. Além da distribuição estatística, outros parâmetros foram considerados: a influencia do tamanho da amostra e o numero de pontos da vizinhança. Para distribuições gaussianas e lognormais invertidas o algoritmo de pós-processamento funcionou bem em todas a situações. Porém, para a distribuição lognormal, foi observada a perda de precisão global. Desta forma, aplicou-se a krigagem ordinária lognormal para este tipo de distribuição, na realidade, também foi aplicado um método recém proposto de transformada reversa de estimativas por krigagem lognormal. Esta técnica é baseada na correção do histograma das estimativas da krigagem lognormal e, então, faz-se a transformada reversa dos dados. Os resultados desta transformada reversa sempre se mostraram melhores do que os resultados da técnica clássica. Além disto, a as estimativas de krigagem lognormal se provaram superiores às estimativas por krigagem ordinária. / This dissertation presents the results of an investigation into the effectiveness of the post-processing algorithm for correcting the smoothing effect of ordinary kriging estimates. Three different statistical distributions have been considered in this study: gaussian, lognormal and inverted lognormal. As we know among these distributions, the lognormal distribution is the most difficult one to handle, because this distribution presents a great number of low values and a few high values in which these high values are responsible for the great variability of the data set. Besides statistical distribution other parameters have been considered in this study: the influence of the sample size and the number of neighbor data points as well. For gaussian and inverted lognormal distributions the post-processing algorithm worked well in all situations. However, it was observed loss of local accuracy for lognormal data. Thus, for these data the technique of ordinary lognormal kriging was applied. Actually, a recently proposed approach for backtransforming lognormal kriging estimates was also applied. This approach is based on correcting the histogram of lognormal kriging estimates and then backtransforming it to the original scale of measurement. Results of back-transformed lognormal kriging estimates were always better than the traditional approach. Furthermore, lognormal kriging estimates have provided better results than the normal kriging ones.

The stochastic process algebra PEPA is a powerful modelling formalism for concurrent systems, which has enjoyed considerable success over the last decade. Such modelling can help designers by allowing aspects of a system which are not readily tested, such as protocol validity and performance, to be analysed before a system is deployed. However, model construction and analysis can be challenged by the size and complexity of large scale systems, which consist of large numbers of components and thus result in state-space explosion problems. Both structural and quantitative analysis of large scale PEPA models suffers from this problem, which has limited wider applications of the PEPA language. This thesis focuses on developing PEPA, to overcome the state-space explosion problem, and make it suitable to validate and evaluate large scale computer and communications systems, in particular a content adaption framework proposed by the Mobile VCE. In this thesis, a new representation scheme for PEPA is proposed to numerically capture the structural and timing information in a model. Through this numerical representation, we have found that there is a Place/Transition structure underlying each PEPA model. Based on this structure and the theories developed for Petri nets, some important techniques for the structural analysis of PEPA have been given. These techniques do not suffer from the state-space explosion problem. They include a new method for deriving and storing the state space and an approach to finding invariants which can be used to reason qualitatively about systems. In particular, a novel deadlock-checking algorithm has been proposed to avoid the state-space explosion problem, which can not only efficiently carry out deadlock-checking for a particular system but can tell when and how a system structure lead to deadlocks. In order to avoid the state-space explosion problem encountered in the quantitative analysis of a large scale PEPA model, a fluid approximation approach has recently been proposed, which results in a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to approximate the underlying CTMC. This thesis presents an improved mapping from PEPA to ODEs based on the numerical representation scheme, which extends the class of PEPA models that can be subjected to fluid approximation. Furthermore, we have established the fundamental characteristics of the derived ODEs, such as the existence, uniqueness, boundedness and nonnegativeness of the solution. The convergence of the solution as time tends to infinity for several classes of PEPA models, has been proved under some mild conditions. For general PEPA models, the convergence is proved under a particular condition, which has been revealed to relate to some famous constants of Markov chains such as the spectral gap and the Log-Sobolev constant. This thesis has established the consistency between the fluid approximation and the underlying CTMCs for PEPA, i.e. the limit of the solution is consistent with the equilibrium probability distribution corresponding to a family of underlying density dependent CTMCs. These developments and investigations for PEPA have been applied to both qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the large scale content adaptation system proposed by the Mobile VCE. These analyses provide an assessment of the current design and should guide the development of the system and contribute towards efficient working patterns and system optimisation.

A pesquisa tem por objetivo geral construir um mapeamento dos principais discursos diagnósticos pós-lacanianos que se circulam no Brasil. Um primeiro objetivo específico desta tese é distinguir a racionalidade subjacente comum a diferentes autores. O segundo objetivo específico é realizar uma breve indicação dos elementos conceituais que se destacam em cada discurso, um destaque que nos revelas as chaves para abrir o debate a ser realizado mais adequadamente nas considerações finais. A justificativa desta pesquisa reside na possibilidade de oferecer ao campo da psicanálise uma inédita visão de conjunto do universo diagnóstico pós-lacaniano. Neste intuito, nossa tese possui uma primeira parte que tem função histórica de situar o campo em debate e refazer os primeiros passos de construção do pensamento diagnóstico em Lacan, assim oferecemos as condições prévias para acompanhar a subsequente discussão pós-lacaniana. Optamos por realizar esta apresentação histórica, pois a hipótese com a qual trabalhamos é que alguns fundamentos do período nascente da obra lacaniana, da década de trinta e quarenta, retornam como questão no debate pós-lacaniano. Na sequencia, temos dois grupos discursivos que trabalham diretamente ligados ao texto de Lacan. O primeiro grupo de autores representa a visão da diagnóstica clássica, pois faz uma redescrição das três estruturas clínicas (neurose, psicose e perversão) e adota esta racionalidade como modelo diagnóstico padrão da obra lacaniana; já o segundo grupo de autores defende a necessidade de reformulações na diagnóstica lacaniana, pois postula a insuficiência do modelo das estruturas clínicas; tais autores estão unidos pela hipótese de que a obra de Lacan possui rupturas conceituais determinantes para uma reacomodação diagnóstica. Por fim, os dois últimos capítulos de nossa tese define um terceiro grupo discursivo que não extrai sua interpretação diretamente do texto de Lacan, mas sim de um diagnóstico social sobre o declínio da função paterna na atualidade, donde cada autor fará sua hipótese para um novo sujeito contemporâneo. Enquanto resultado adicional desta pesquisa, verificamos que as problemáticas clínicas da esfera do Eu retornam ao campo lacaniano de modo direto ou indireto. Como conclusão constatamos que o tema do declínio da função paterna, o desentendimento acerca do alargamento conceitual da categoria de psicose (através da psicose ordinária e psicose compensada) e, por fim, o uso variável da noção de suplência, são os principais elementos dos discursos pós-lacanianos que nos dão as chaves para o debate diagnóstico na atualidade / This research aims to map the main discourses of post-lacanian diagnosis that spread in Brazil. This thesis first specific objective is to differentiate the underlying rationality common to different authors. The second specific objective is to make a brief indication of the conceptual elements that stand out in each discourse. This reveals the keys to open the debate to be more adequately done in our closing remarks. The justification of this research resides in the possibility of offering to the psychoanalytic field an original overview of the post-lacanian diagnostic universe. In order to do so, we first locate historically the field at issue and remake the first steps of Lacans diagnostic thought. This subsidies the ensuing post-lacanian debate. Our hypothesis is that some fundamentals of the first part of the lacanian oeuvre, comprising the 1930s and the 1940s, return in the form of a question in the post-lacanian debate. We present then two discursive groups that are directly related to the lacanian text. The first group of authors represents the classic diagnostic view, since they do a redescription of the three clinic structures (neurosis, psychosis and perversion) and adopt this rationale as the standard diagnostic model in the lacanian oeuvre. The second group of authors defends the necessity of reformulations in lacanian diagnostic, postulating the insufficiency of the clinic structures model. These authors gather around the hypothesis that the lacanian oeuvre has conceptual ruptures that are decisive for diagnostic reaccommodation. The two last chapters define a third discursive group that does not extract its interpretation directly from lacanian text, but from a social diagnosis about the decline of the paternal function nowadays. Each author will hypothesize about a new contemporary subject. As an additional result, we found that the clinical problematic of the Ego returns to the lacanian field both direct and indirectly. We conclude that the main elements of the post-lacanian discourses that grant us the keys to the nowadays diagnostic debate are 1) the decline of the paternal function; 2) the misunderstanding regarding the broadening of the category of psychosis (ordinary psychosis and compensation psychosis) and 3) the variable use of the notion of supplant