Essa tese tem como questão central o estatuto teórico e clínico da Psicose Ordinária, hipótese clínica proposta desde 1998, no âmbito da Associação Mundial de Psicanálise (AMP), como tentativa de abordagem e de teorização sobre os casos atípicos da clínica psicanalítica: sintomas que não preenchem claramente os critérios de formação substitutiva e de mensagem simbólica da neurose, mas também não configuram os clássicos fenômenos elementares da psicose. Apresentada inicialmente como um programa de investigação e de refinamento da diferenciação entre neurose e psicose, a hipótese de Psicose Ordinária, no entanto, passou a ser cada vez mais utilizada como um diagnóstico, mobilizando intenso debate no campo da psicanálise de orientação lacaniana. Considerando a importância do diagnóstico diferencial para a condução de um tratamento, a pesquisa tem o objetivo de delimitar a especificidade, o alcance conceitual, bem como os limites da noção de Psicose Ordinária. Para isso, inicialmente, discutese o que é um conceito em psicanálise e são apresentadas as principais perspectivas com que a questão do diagnóstico vem sendo abordada na psicanálise lacaniana. A noção de Psicose Ordinária é interrogada a partir da análise crítica da extensa bibliografia produzida a respeito, visando identificar os fatos clínicos, as matrizes conceituais e as linhas argumentativas que sustentam sua proposição, sua utilização, bem como as críticas que lhe são endereçadas. Conclui-se que a Psicose Ordinária é um conceito forjado a partir das premissas e dos avanços teóricos do último ensino de Lacan e configura uma nova categoria clínica dentro do campo das psicoses: uma psicose não desencadeada, onde a singularidade de um sinthoma assegura, ainda que de forma frágil, o enlaçamento de Real, Simbólico e Imaginário e a inserção no laço social. Propõe-se que a Psicose Ordinária configura, também, uma ferramenta epistêmica com potencial de circunscrever e fazer avançar a tarefa de precisar as especificidades e as implicações teóricas e clínicas da evolução do ensino de Lacan / This thesis has the theoretical and clinical statute of Ordinary Psychosis as its core question, a clinical hypothesis proposed in 1998 within the scope of the World Association of Psychoanalysis (AMP), as an attempt to approach and theorize about the atypical cases in the psychoanalytic clinic: symptoms that do not clearly meet the criteria of substitutive formation and of neurosis symbolic message, but neither configure the classic elementary phenomena of psychosis. Initially presented as a program of investigation and refinement of the differentiation between neurosis and psychosis, the hypothesis of Ordinary Psychosis, however, has become increasingly used as a diagnosis, mobilizing intense debate in the field of Lacanian-oriented psychoanalysis. Considering the importance of the differential diagnosis for conducting a treatment, the research aimed at delimiting the specificity, the conceptual scope, as well as the limits of the hypothesis of ordinary psychosis. To do so, initially, it is discussed what a concept is in psychoanalysis, then, the main perspectives, with which the diagnosis matters are being approached in Lacanian psychoanalysis, are presented. Ordinary Psychosis is interrogated from the critical analysis in the extensive bibliography produced concerning the subject, whose aim is to identify the clinical facts, its conceptual matrices and the argumentative lines that support its proposition, its utilization, as well as the critiques addressed to it. A conclusion is reached: Ordinary Psychosis is a concept which was forged based on premises and theoretical advances of Lacan´s last teaching. It configures a new clinical category within the field of psychoses an unchained psychosis, in which the singularity of a sinthoma ensures, although in a fragile way, the entanglement of Real, Symbolic and Imaginary and the insertion in the social bond. It is proposed that Ordinary Psychosis also constitutes an epistemic tool with potential to circumscribe and advance the task of specifying the peculiarities and the theoretical and clinical implications of Lacan\'s teaching evolution

Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados da investigação quanto à eficácia do algoritmo de pós-processamento para a correção do efeito de suavização nas estimativas da krigagem ordinária. Foram consideradas três distribuições estatísticas distintas: gaussiana, lognormal e lognormal invertida. Como se sabe, dentre estas distribuições, a distribuição lognormal é a mais difícil de trabalhar, já que neste tipo de distribuição apresenta um grande número de valores baixos e um pequeno número de valores altos, sendo estes responsáveis pela grande variabilidade do conjunto de dados. Além da distribuição estatística, outros parâmetros foram considerados: a influencia do tamanho da amostra e o numero de pontos da vizinhança. Para distribuições gaussianas e lognormais invertidas o algoritmo de pós-processamento funcionou bem em todas a situações. Porém, para a distribuição lognormal, foi observada a perda de precisão global. Desta forma, aplicou-se a krigagem ordinária lognormal para este tipo de distribuição, na realidade, também foi aplicado um método recém proposto de transformada reversa de estimativas por krigagem lognormal. Esta técnica é baseada na correção do histograma das estimativas da krigagem lognormal e, então, faz-se a transformada reversa dos dados. Os resultados desta transformada reversa sempre se mostraram melhores do que os resultados da técnica clássica. Além disto, a as estimativas de krigagem lognormal se provaram superiores às estimativas por krigagem ordinária. / This dissertation presents the results of an investigation into the effectiveness of the post-processing algorithm for correcting the smoothing effect of ordinary kriging estimates. Three different statistical distributions have been considered in this study: gaussian, lognormal and inverted lognormal. As we know among these distributions, the lognormal distribution is the most difficult one to handle, because this distribution presents a great number of low values and a few high values in which these high values are responsible for the great variability of the data set. Besides statistical distribution other parameters have been considered in this study: the influence of the sample size and the number of neighbor data points as well. For gaussian and inverted lognormal distributions the post-processing algorithm worked well in all situations. However, it was observed loss of local accuracy for lognormal data. Thus, for these data the technique of ordinary lognormal kriging was applied. Actually, a recently proposed approach for backtransforming lognormal kriging estimates was also applied. This approach is based on correcting the histogram of lognormal kriging estimates and then backtransforming it to the original scale of measurement. Results of back-transformed lognormal kriging estimates were always better than the traditional approach. Furthermore, lognormal kriging estimates have provided better results than the normal kriging ones.

Många personer lever med demenssjukdom, och antalet beräknas stiga i takt med att befolkningen blir äldre. Syftet med studien var att utifrån personer med demenssjukdom och deras berättelser beskriva upplevelser av att bo i ordinärt boende och hantera vardagen. Studien har utförts genom ostrukturerade intervjuer med nio personer med demenssjukdom som är över 65 år och som bor i ordinärt boende. Data bearbetades genom kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Resultatet redovisas i sex olika kategorier som handlar om begränsningar i vardagen, förändrad självbild, känslan av missnöje, känslan av förnöjsamhet, sociala relationer och strategier.De äldre personerna upplevde begränsningar och varberoende av andra på grund av sin demenssjukdom. Bitterhet över att ha drabbats av sjukdom var den största källan till känslan av missnöje. Förnöjsamheten upplevdes av att känna trygghet och att kunna utföra för dem meningsfulla sysslor. Sociala relationer var viktiga, men påverkades ibland av känslan att inte duga. Vardagen i ordinärt boende innebar olika sysselsättningar och hanterades med hjälp av olika strategier och en viss acceptans. Studiens slutsats visar att personer med demenssjukdom upplever sin livssituation och vardag tillfredsställande och hanterbar i ordinärt boende med behovsanpassat stöd och hjälp. / Several people are living with dementia disease and the numbers are expected to rise as the population ages. The aim of the study was that by people with dementia disease and their narratives describe the experiences of living in ordinary housing and deal with daily life. The study has been carried out through unstructured interviews with nine people with dementia disease who are over 65 years old and living in ordinary housing. Data were processed by qualitative manifest content analysis. The results are presented in six categories dealing with limitations in daily life, altered self, feeling of dissatisfaction, the feeling of contentedness, social relationships and strategies.The older persons experienced limitations and were dependence on others because of their dementiadisease. Bitterness to have suffered illness was the main source of the feeling of dissatisfaction. Contentedness was perceived by feeling safe and be able to perform for them meaningful tasks. Social relations were important, but sometimes influenced by the feeling of not being good enough. Everyday living in ordinary housing meant different pursuits and handled by using different strategies and a certain acceptance. The conclusion of the study shows that people with dementia disease perceive their life situation and everyday living satisfying and manageable in ordinary housing with appropriate support and assistance.

This thesis is a case studie of a newly arrived student placed in a regular class in a P-9 school in a suburb south of Stockholm. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the class teacher for the regular class and the Swedish as a second language teacher are working with this student. The research questions are: What are the basic ideas behind the placement of newly arrived students in regular classes with no previous language skills? How is the language development for the newly arrived student according to the teacher of the selected class? What methods and materials are used by the teacher in her teaching to benefit the newly arrived student’s language development? The purpose of my study has been to investigate the teachers and the headmaster’s perspective on how the integration of newly arrived students into the regular class can be done and the decisions context for the placement of newly arrived students into the regular class. The study is based on interviews with two teachers and the school headmaster. Results of the study show that the principal of the selected school has a vision for the integration of newly arrived students into the regular class, which means that this particular school has a different way of working than other schools in the area where the newly arrived are placed into a preparation class before being integrated into the ordinary class. The class teacher believes that the headmaster’s vision of direct placement into ordinary classes is good for integration. In this vision the newly arrived student receives knowledge related to the context and task during class. The teacher in “Swedish as a second language” does not believe that the headmasters vision is good for the newly arrived students, she believes that it is better if they get separate schooling in Swedish before being integrated into ordinary classes. The overall conclusion after having collected my results and studied previous research is that the work with newly arrived students at the school looks different from what the School Board calls for. The selected school for my study has no clear guidelines on how the work with the newly arrived students in regular classes should be attended. This is sought by the class teacher and that there is a need for such guidelines to give these students an equivalent schooling

When the Fair Housing Act of 1968 was passed 47 years ago, the United States was in the midst of the civil rights movement and fair housing was identified as a pillar of equality. While, progress has been made, there is much work that needs to be done in order to achieve integration. As a country, the United States is a highly segregated country. It is important to understand the factors that contribute to this and it is important to understand the relationships that exists between them in order to attempt to solve the problem. While the legal barriers to integration have been lifted choices continue to be limited to families of color that lack the resources to live in desirable neighborhoods. The ultimate goal of this study is to examine the relationship between the impact of individual indicators and housing patterns in the greater Tucson/Pima county region. An affordability index, the DEYA index, was created to determine where affordability is at its highest. The index includes different weights for foreclosure, Pima County spending on affordable housing, the existence of Pima County general obligations bond affordable housing projects, land value and inclusion in the community land trust. Once this was determined a regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between affordability and individual factors that may be affecting integration. The indicators used were broken down into 3 categories: the categories were education, housing and neighborhoods and employment and economic health.

In recent decades the canon of environmental aesthetics has expanded beyond its primary concern of understanding what is beautiful in the fine arts to the appreciation of natural and cultural landscapes. Corresponding with society's growing interest in conservation, environmental aesthetics has emerged as relevant to many conservation discussions. The preservation and interpretation of cultural landscapes is complicated by resources that are in a constant state of change. Traditional cultural landscape preservation practices have had mixed results. A focus on interpretation rather than preservation is generally considered a strategy for improving cultural landscape practices. Applying theories developed in the field of environmental aesthetics to cultural landscapes may lead to principles helpful to their preservation and interpretation. In this study, an environmental aesthetic framework is developed and applied to the Canoa Ranch, a historic property south of Tucson, Arizona, to evaluate the potential of using environmental aesthetics in appreciation of cultural landscapes.

Tidigare studier visar att ökad handel spelar en tydlig roll för ett lands ekonomiska tillväxt. Genom att träda in på den globala marknaden öppnas många möjligheter för ökad handel och nya arbetstillfällen. Utrikeshandeln är betydelsefull för små öppna ekonomier som till exempel Kenya och bör utgöra en stor del av landets BNP. I och med detta är det viktigt att studera vilka faktorer som påverkar ett lands utrikeshandel. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar Kenyas export. Analysen visar att handelspartnernas BNP har en betydande påverkan på Kenyas export. Det geografiska avståndet har en negativ påverkan på Kenyas utrikeshandel. De regionala handelsavtalen har som förväntat en positiv påverkan på exporten.

The informal settlement of Kibera in Nairobi has a significantly higher prevalence of HIV than the Kenyan average. Sex workers and their male clients from Kibera were recently surveyed; their responses indicate a population that is well mixed with large variance in individual number of sexual contacts. Hence, a multigroup two-sex model is created to study HIV spread in the sex working population of Kibera. This model is parameterized to the Kibera data, and the e ffects of various parameters on the prevalence of HIV and the risk of infection to individuals are studied by an elasticity analysis. The probability of infection from males to females per sexual act has the greatest implications for HIV control. A simplified model is presented and a theoretical analysis gives the reproduction number and proves global stability of the endemic equilibrium. / Graduate

The goal of this thesis is to investigate model imperfection in the context of forecasting. We focus on an electronic circuit built in a laboratory and then enclosed to reduce environmental effects. The non-dimensionalised model equations, obtained by applying Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws, are the Moore-Spiegel Equations [47], but they exhibit a large disparity with the circuit. At parameter values used in the circuit, they yield a periodic trajectory whilst the circuit exhibits chaotic behaviour. Therefore, alternative models for the circuit are sought. The models we consider are local and global prediction models constructed from data. We acknowledge that all our models have errors and then seek to quantify how these errors are distributed across the circuit attractor. To this end, q-pling times of initial uncertainties are computed for the various models. A q-pling time is the time for an initial uncertainty to increase by a factor of q [67], where q is a real number. Whereas it is expected that different models should have different q-pling time distributions, it is found that the diversity in our models can be increased by constructing them in different coordinate spaces. To forecast the future dynamics of the circuit using any of the models, we make probabilistic forecasts [8]. The question of how to choose the spread of the initial ensemble is addressed by the use of skill scores [8, 9]. Finally, the diversity in our models is exploited by combining probabilistic forecasts from them so as to minimise some skill score. It is found that the skill of combined not-so-good models can be increased by combining them as discussed in this thesis.

Thesis (MHSc--Health Science) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2003. / Appendices A, B and C not included in e-thesis. Also held in print (173 leaves, 30 cm.) in Akoranga Theses Collection (T 317.14124 TUT)