L'actinomycose cervico-faciale représente une infection endogène peu fréquente et mal connue. La révision de la littérature nous expose qu'il n'y a pas de consensus sur ses caractéristiques cliniques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. Nous avons révisé les dossiers de 36 patients porteurs d'actinomycose, traités à l'Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus de Québec. Les résultats d'une étude rétrospective nous ont permis de valider un protocole diagnostique et thérapeutique incluant la scintigraphic osseuse comme élément décisionnel et de conclure que toute infection maxillo-faciale apparaissant plus de 2 mois suivant un traumatisme chirurgical devrait soulever un diagnostic d'actinomycose

For the last decade, practical limitations have prevented processor speeds from increasing significantly. To increase throughput, the computing industry has turned to multiprocessing; that is, executing computations in parallel on separate processing units. Making use of these additional units requires support from the operating system (OS). Indeed, most modern operating systems do have the capability of recognizing and utilizing multiprocessor hardware. Pintos is an instructional operating system used by many institutions to teach important operating systems concepts. Pintos aims to increase student engagement by providing challenging programming projects in which students personally implement many core functionalities of an operating system. However, prior to this work, Pintos was a uniprocessor OS. This makes it difficult for Pintos to expose students to the same synchronization challenges that most modern kernel developers face. In addition, the first structured project, aimed at teaching scheduling policies, requires students to implement an uniprocessor variant of MLFQS scheduler which is no longer used in modern systems. We implemented Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP) support in Pintos. We also created a new scheduling assignment to expose students to a multiprocessor proportional-share scheduling policy called Completely Fair Scheduler and to introduce them to the concept of load balancing. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of our new Pintos framework in augmenting students’ knowledge of OS scheduling and enhancing their ability to code and debug in a low-level environment. / Master of Science

Traditional network stacks in monolithic kernels have reliability and security concerns. Any fault in a network stack affects the entire system owing to lack of isolation in the monolithic kernel. Moreover, the large code size of the network stack enlarges the attack surface of the system. A multiserver OS design solves this problem. In contrast to the traditional network stack, a multiserver OS pushes the network stack into the network server as a user process, which performs three enhancements: (i) allows the network server to run in user mode while having its own address space and isolating any fault occurring in the network server; (ii) minimizes the attack surface of the system because the trusted computing base contracts; (iii) enables failure recovery, which is an important feature supported by a multiserver OS. This thesis proposes a network server for LibrettOS, an operating system based on rumprun unikernels and the Xen Hypervisor developed by Virginia Tech. The proposed network server is a service domain providing an L2 frame forwarding service for application domains and based on rumprun such that the existing device drivers of NetBSD can be leveraged with little modification. In this model, the TCP/IP stack runs directly in the address space of applications. This allows retaining the client state even if the network server crashes and makes it possible to recover from a network server failure. We leverage the Xen PCI passthrough to access a NIC (Network Interface Controller) from the network server. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that the performance of the network server is good and comparable with Linux and NetBSD. We also demonstrate the successful recovery after a failure. / This research is based upon work supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the ODNI, IARPA, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. This research is also based upon work supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under grants N00014-16-1-2104, N00014-16-1-2711, and N00014-18-1-2022. / Master of Science / When it comes to reliability and security in networking systems, concerns have been shown in traditional operating systems (OSs) such as Windows, MacOS, NetBSD, and Linux. Any fault in a networking system can have impacts on the entire system owing to lack of isolation in the OSs. Moreover, the large code size of a networking system enlarges the attack surface of the system. A multiserver OS design solves this problem by running a networking system as a network server, which performs three enhancements: (i) isolates any fault occurring in the network server itself; (ii) minimizes the attack surface of the system; and (iii) enables failure recovery. This thesis proposes a network server for LibrettOS, an operating system developed by Virginia Tech. The proposed network has two-pronged merits: (i) provides a system server providing a network packet forwarding service for applications; (ii) enables the existing device drivers of NetBSD to be leveraged with low amount of modification. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that the performance of the network server outperforms state-of-the-art and comparable with Linux and that a successful recovery is possible after a failure.

Den här kandidatavhandlingen undersöker fördelarna och begränsningarna med Internetbaserade operativsystem i molnet, så kallade Internet OS, och hur IT-företag ser på ämnet. Internet OS är operativsystem som placerar sina resurser och processorkraft ute på Internet, ofta med hjälp av olika molnettjänster. Det finns problem och utmaningar med Internet OS. Dessa problem kan vara ett hinder för företag att överge de traditionella operativsystemen, som exempelvis Windows, och övergå till Internet OS. Det saknas undersökningar om IT-företag vill eller kan flytta sin verksamhet till molnet. Vi vill ge en tydligare bild och bidra med ny kunskap om företags syn på Internet OS. Arbetet har genomförts med en litteraturstudie som har fokuserats på vad den akademiska världen vet om Internet OS med fokus på Chrome OS. Litteraturstudie går in på fördelar och nackdelar, samt framtida visioner. Resultatet har därefter jämförts med intervjuer där erfarna praktiker verksamma i Sverige ger sin syn på Internet OS. Litteraturstudien gav resultatet att Internet OS kan göra det enklare att uppdatera och installera program. Det kan bli smidigare att samarbeta och att dela data med andra användare. Datorn kan bli snabbare, säkrare och användaren slipper installera olika pluginer. En artikel menar även att företag kan spara pengar med Internet OS. Nackdelen blir främst beroendet av Internetåtkomst. Det finns en osäkerhet kring den personliga integriteten, samt vem som äger data som placeras och skapas i molnettjänster. Indikationerna från intervjuerna är att branschen är orolig för säkerheten och kontrollen av data när molnetlösningar används. De ser risker med att företag förlorar pengar om Internetåtkomst saknas och att företaget blir beroende av molnetleverantörer. De intervjuade tror att Internet OS kan konkurrera mot de traditionella operativsystemen när det gäller privatbruk, men har svårt att se att företag kan använda Internet OS primärt.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:52:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 405181.pdf: 503296 bytes, checksum: deb92d39367f1de7800ef38da88c8fe1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-02 / No intuito de manter com o cliente um relacionamento prolongado, pautado na confian?a, esta pesquisa buscou entender como se formam a compet?ncia operacional e a benevol?ncia em trocas relacionais de servi?os advocat?cios. Para tanto, procurou identificar motivadores positivos e negativos tanto da compet?ncia como da benevol?ncia, a partir de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, caracterizada pela flexibilidade. Quanto aos resultados, verificou-se que a forma??o da compet?ncia e da benevol?ncia est?o fundamentadas em quest?es de qualidade t?cnica e no relacionamento amigo, prestativo, transparente e honesto existente entre cliente e advogado, ambos observ?veis pelo cliente. O conhecimento t?cnico do advogado, transmitido por meio do seu comportamento seguro e firme, foi identificado como motivador positivo da compet?ncia, enquanto que a aus?ncia deste foi um fator negativo. As a??es do profissional em favor do cliente, por sua vez, foram consideradas como motivadores positivos para a forma??o da benevol?ncia, j? a sua falta, negativos. Tamb?m a demora do judici?rio, mormente quando atrelada a aus?ncia de certeza transmitida pelo profissional ou a problemas de relacionamento entre as partes, foi identificada como motivador negativo para compet?ncia e para benevol?ncia. Ao final do trabalho, ainda, foram apresentadas limita??es e sugest?es para investiga??es futuras.

Objectif: L'application d'un stress supraphysiologique (préconditionnement) induit une résistance cellulaire et tissulaire augmentée face à une agression secondaire. Des protéines appelées protéines de choc thermique (HSPs) sont exprimées physiologiquement suite à un stress qu'il soit de nature mécanique, chimique ou physique. Cette réponse, validée sur différents tissus mous, est évaluée ici en site osseux. Ce mécanisme de préconditionnement représente une nouvelle approche dans l'amélioration de la cicatrisation osseuse mettant en avant l'utilisation des capacités d'auto protection du tissu osseux. L'hypothèse de ce travail est qu'un stress thermique peut préserver le tissu osseux soumis secondairement à une irradiation aux rayons X. Pour valider cette hypothèse, cette étude nécessite:<br>- Le paramétrage du traitement laser requis en tant que moyen de chauffage pour induire le préconditionnement du tissu osseux.<br>- La détermination d'un protocole d'irradiation aux rayons X utilisé comme méthode quantifiable et reproductible de lésion secondaire<br>- Le développement d'un modèle d'étude de la vascularisation osseuse superficielle, indicateur de la réponse osseuse in vivo sur le long terme.<br>- La mise au point d'une technique d'immunohistochimie afin de caractériser les résultats obtenus lors de l'étude in vivo et de mettre en évidence la présence de HSP70 (forme inductible de HSP produite suite à un stress).<br><br>Matériels et Méthodes: Lors d'une étude préliminaire, le système laser est choisi et paramétré pour induire une augmentation contrôlée de la température osseuse.<br>Le protocole d'irradiation aux rayons X est défini pour créer une lésion osseuse localisée et pour limiter les effets secondaires au niveau des structures sous jacentes. Un modèle de chambre optique implantée sur le crâne de lapins est développé pour assurer le suivi longitudinal d'un même site osseux chez le même animal. Le réseau vasculaire superficiel est observé hebdomadairement pendant 12 semaines par la prise de photographies numériques. Un traitement informatique standardisé des images évalue la densité vasculaire, et différents critères morphologiques : longueur totale du réseau vasculaire, nombre de noeuds, et nombre de vaisseaux en fonction de leur diamètre. L'expérimentation in vivo est conduite sur 20 lapins divisés quatre groupes : groupe #1 : groupe contrôle (n=5); groupe #2: traitement laser (n=5); groupe #3 : irradiation par rayons X (n=5) ; groupe #4 : préconditionnement laser avant irradiation par rayons X (n=5).<br>L'analyse histologique et le marquage de HSP70 sont effectués sur des prélèvements osseux après la mise en place d'un protocole de fixation, décalcification et traitement immunohistochimique rigoureux.<br><br>Résultats: Un système diode-laser (815nm, 36J/cm² : un tir de 1.5W pendant 3 sec) est retenu pour le préconditionnement. L'irradiation aux rayons X consiste en dose unique de 18.75 Gy appliquée avec faisceau à rayons X de basse énergie.<br>Le réseau vasculaire est stable pour le groupe #1 et pour le groupe #2. Pour chaque critère observé, l'étude in vivo montre une chute significative pour les groupes #3 et #4 caractéristique de l'effet antiangiogénique des rayons X. Cependant, cette diminution vasculaire est limitée pour le groupe #4 vs. le groupe #3 et ceci en particulier pour les larges vaisseaux. L'analyse en histologie standard confirme ces résultats. Parallèlement, l'analyse immunohistochimique montre un marquage positif de HSP70 au niveau du réseau vasculaire osseux 18h après une irradiation laser.<br><br>Discussion: Le préconditionnement laser préserve la vascularisation osseuse superficielle des dommages induits par l'irradiation aux rayons X. Pour la première fois, cet effet cytoprotecteur est décrit en site osseux. Ainsi, notre étude montre que l'application laser utilisé comme méthode de chauffage localisée et reproductible, favorise la résistance aux effets antiangiogéniques des rayons X. Cet effet protecteur est observé in vivo au niveau vasculaire en particulier pour les vaisseaux les plus larges. Le marquage immunohistochimique confirme que le préconditionnement laser induit au niveau du réseau vasculaire osseux la production de HSP70, molécule chaperone décrite pour son action protectrice. Ce travail innovant offre la perspective d'accélérer et de favoriser la cicatrisation osseuse après une chirurgie programmée grâce à une mise en condition tissulaire.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-04T18:45:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Daniella Cristina Santos Quevedo.pdf: 2678430 bytes, checksum: e08acb28f9b15508f9380dc0b40ccd69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T18:45:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Daniella Cristina Santos Quevedo.pdf: 2678430 bytes, checksum: e08acb28f9b15508f9380dc0b40ccd69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 / This dissertation has as general focus, search how Club Med Brasil uses the recovery of failures in the provision of hotel services as a tool of relationship with their clients. The choice for this theme was due to the relevance that the recovery of failures in services has in construction and maintenance on relationship of the companies with its clients since that clients are even more demand and consciuos of their rights on provision of services provided by a company. The provision of services in the hotel industry in particular, failures are inherent to the activities made on uncountable variables. That's why companies need to have estrategies well defined about their process, procedures, instruments and action plans so that their employees can act quickly and on a effective way in critical incident cases occurred on 'moments of truth', wich are moments of direct interaction between representatives of the company and their clients. About theoretical basis, were discussed concepts of marketing, services marketing, characterization and quality of services, satisfaction of clients and their expectations, failures on services, recovery of failures in services, the importancy of people in it, relationship and finally, tourism and hospitality. About this study, the methodology used was a qualitative approach of an exploratory and descriptive nature, with collected data by deep interviews ways. Ten interviews were made with employees that hold management positions and are directly linked to the department that takes care of the relationship between Club Med and their clients. The collected datas on those interviews were interpreted through the analysis of the content. The main conclusions show that Club Med Brasil intend act as preventive way on failures in the provision of its hotel services, not omitting when it occures and having the quick reaction as a feature when the clients need. The Club Med Brasil owns procedures to treat the recovery of failures in its hotel services, aiming the improvement of quality on provided services, the increase of satisfaction level and fortification of building and mainteance of the relationship with clients. However, it seems to need of an step inside its process of recovery on failures of services, as new procedures and tools so that it will be able to get an final evaluation on its actions, internal procedures and propposal of adopted solutions to identify the final level of clients satisfaction. / Esta disserta??o teve como objetivo geral pesquisar como o Club Med Brasil utiliza a recupera??o de falhas na presta??o dos servi?os hoteleiros como ferramenta de relacionamento com os seus clientes. A escolha do tema se deu em fun??o da relev?ncia que a recupera??o de falhas em servi?os possui na constru??o e manuten??o do relacionamento das organiza??es com seus clientes, uma vez que os mesmos est?o cada vez mais exigentes e conscientes dos seus direitos quando da presta??o de servi?os por parte de uma empresa. No ramo hoteleiro em especial, na presta??o de servi?os as falhas s?o inerentes ?s atividades realizadas fun??o de in?meras vari?veis. Por este motivo ? preciso que as organiza??es tenham estrat?gias bem definidas quanto aos seus processos, procedimentos, instrumentos e planos de a??o, para que seus funcion?rios possam atuar de forma r?pida e eficaz em casos de incidentes cr?ticos ocorridos nos ?momentos da verdade?, que s?o os momentos de intera??o direta entre os representantes da empresa e os seus clientes. Na fundamenta??o te?rica foram abordados conceitos de marketing, marketing de servi?os, caracteriza??o dos servi?os, qualidade em servi?os e satisfa??o de cliente, as expectativas dos clientes e as falhas nos servi?os, a recupera??o de falhas em servi?os, a import?ncia das pessoas na recupera??o de falhas em servi?os, marketing de relacionamento e por fim, turismo e hotelaria. No estudo a metodologia utilizada foi uma abordagem qualitativa, de cunho explorat?rio e descritivo, com os dados coletados por meio de entrevistas aprofundadas. Foram realizadas dez entrevistas com funcion?rios que ocupam cargos de gest?o e que est?o diretamente ligados ao departamento que trata do relacionamento entre o Club Med Brasil e seus clientes. Os dados coletados nas referidas entrevistas foram interpretados atrav?s da an?lise de conte?do. As principais conclus?es demonstram que o Club Med Brasil busca atuar de forma preventiva no que tange as falhas na presta??o de seus servi?os hoteleiros, n?o se omitindo quando as mesmas ocorrem, tendo como caracter?stica a r?pida rea??o quando do acionamento pelo cliente. O Club Med Brasil possui procedimentos para tratar da recupera??o de falhas nos seus servi?os hoteleiros, visando assim melhorar a qualidade dos servi?os prestados, aumento no n?vel de satisfa??o e fortalecimento da constru??o e manuten??o do relacionamento com os seus clientes. No entanto, parece carecer de uma etapa dentro do seu processo de recupera??o de falhas nos servi?os, entendam-se novos procedimentos e novos instrumentos, que seja capaz de obter uma avalia??o final das suas a??es, seus procedimentos internos e das propostas de solu??es adotadas, no sentido de identificar o n?vel final de satisfa??o dos clientes.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 21, 2002 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / This paper introduces the essential points for designing a navigating system, and describes the modules of a typical vehicle navigator. This paper also gives a practical navigator example. Some experience for design is also mentioned.

Energy efficiency has become one of the most important factors in the development of computer systems. Increasingly power-hungry processors and memory subsystem have reinforced the need for aggressive power management. Dynamic voltage scaling has become a common consideration for designing energy efficient CPUs in systems ranging from portable devices to large-scale systems. As applications become more data centric and put more pressure on memory subsystem, managing energy consumption of main memory is also becoming critical. Subsequently in this dissertation, we address the issues in designing energy efficient CPU and memory for personal computing devices as well as large-scale systems.For large-scale systems, we address memory subsystem dedicated to buffer cache which accounts for the majority of memory usage in server environment. We take advantage of the I/O handling routines in the OS kernel to hide the delay incurred by the memory state transition so that performance degradation is minimized while high energy savings is achieved. We also address interactive workloads, which account for the bulk of the processing demand on modern mobile or desktop systems. We propose Interaction-Aware Dynamic Voltage Scaling (IADVS) for CPU and Interaction-Aware Memory Energy Management (IAMEM) for memory. The IA framework relies on automatic correlation of user-initiated tasks with the demand placed on CPU and memory to accurately predict power states for CPU and memory. Both mechanisms achieve maximal energy savings while minimizing the impact on the application's performance.

Syftet med undersökningen är att utreda om amerikanska tidningars nätupplagor är sexistiska i nyhetsrapporteringen från OS 2016? För undersökningen har två sporter, simning och löpning, valts ut. Genom att använda Methenys definition av vilka sporter som anses vara könsneutrala, det vill säga sporter som i USA anses vara socialt acceptabla för både kvinnor och män att utöva. Artiklarna som valdes ut kommer från följande tidningars webbsidor: USA Today, Miami Herald, Daily Mail, CNN, Washington Post samt ytterligare några amerikanska nättidningar som har sorterats som ”andra” i undersökningen. Metoderna för denna undersökning är en omfattande kvantitativ innehållsanalys av 86 artiklar och en massmedieretorisk analys av fem artiklar som valts ut från de 86 artiklar som analyserats i den kvantitativa delen. Analysen visade att det är vanligare att artiklar om kvinnor prioriterar fakta som inte har med deras idrottsprestation att göra. Det är även vanligare att artiklar om medaljtagande kvinnor handlar om något annat än deras prestation, 18 procent av artiklarna om kvinnor handlade inte om sporten utan om dem som person för män var motsvarande andel artiklar fyra procent. / The purpose for this study is to investigate if the American newspapers’ online editions are sexist in their reporting of the Olympics 2016? For the study, the two sports chosen, swimming and tracks, have been chosen by using Metheny’s definition, which refers to sports that are gender neutral, meaning sports that are viewed in America as socially acceptable for both genders. The chosen media is the online newspapers: USA Today, Miami Herald, Daily Mail, CNN, Washington Post and a few other American online newspapers that is sorted into category “other”. The methods used for the study is a quantitative content analysis and a mass media rhetoric analysis also known as massmedieretorik. This study, utilizing a total of 86 articles - five of which were chosen for a more thorough analysis - showed that it is more common for articles about women to prioritize facts that does not concern their athletic achievements. It is also more common for articles about medal winning females to be about something else, rather than their achievements, for articles about men this phenomenon was much less common.