Date: 2023-06-04 Level: Master Thesis in Industrial Engineering & Management and Master Thesis in Product- & Process Development, 30 ECTS Institution: School of Innovation, Design and Engineering & School of Innovation, Design and Technology, Mälardalen University Authors: Sora Al-Azawi Pascal Nahayo 1999-12-16 1991-04-03 Title: Digitizing the Document Management Process: Challenges and Opportunities Supervisor (University): Catarina Bojesson, Mälardalen University Supervisor (Company): Sofia Lillback, Stora Enso Fors AB Keywords: BPM, Value, Value Creation, Digitalization, Sustainability, Security, Cybersecurity Research Question: What potential challenges and opportunities should be considered to optimize the value when adopting digital alternatives to the Bill of Lading (B/L) in the manufacturing sector? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the potential value of digitizing the document management process in the manufacturing sector while enhancing sustainability and ensuring security and privacy. Specifically, the study aims to evaluate the value of adopting digital alternatives to the B/L. Method: The report adopted an inductive approach and employed a case study research design. The theoretical framework was based on data derived from scientific articles and books. The empirical findings were based on data generated through a qualitative approach, consisting of an introductory presentation and interviews to answer the research question. Conclusion: The conclusion of this report highlights several potential challenges and opportunities to consider when opting for digitizing the B/L to enhance its value potential in the manufacturing sector. The primary challenge identified was protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access, which can be effectively addressed using blockchain technology as a security measure. Additionally, the primary opportunity acknowledged was the possibility of reducing the environmental impact typically associated with traditional document management processes.

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Varje år väljer många sjömän att lämna sitt yrke till sjöss. Detta beror på flera olika anledningar såsom saknad till hemmet, stress, hög arbetsbelastning och bristande kommunikation. Sju intervjuer genomfördes i denna kvalitativa undersökning med syfte att undersöka vilka metoder och strategier de olika svenska rederierna använder sig av när det kommer till att behålla sin ombordpersonal. Strikta planer existerar oftast inte utan man väljer i stället att se till den enskilde personens behov om denne visar sig sviktande i utvecklingen samt om denne är på väg att lämna sitt arbete. Resultatet visar på att dessa frågor hanteras olika med tanke på vilken sektor av den svenska sjöfarten man arbetar i. Det visar även att storleken på rederiet spelar in då större rederier ofta använde sig av seniorbefäl till hjälp när juniorbefäl skulle utvecklas. Samtidigt visade de mindre rederierna på att de själva tog på sig ansvaret för att utveckla och ha en god kommunikation med sina juniorbefäl. / Every year, several sailors choose to leave their profession at sea. This is due to several different reasons such as being homesick, stress, a high workload and lack of communication. Seven interviews were conducted in this qualitative survey in order to investigate which methods and strategies exist at the Swedish shipping companies to keep their onboard personnel. It appears that a strict plan usually does not exist, instead the company chooses to look after the needs of individuals if they are failing in development and if they are about to leave their job. The result revealed that these issues are handled differently depending on which sector of Swedish shipping they operate in. It also revealed that the size of the shipping company plays a role as the bigger companies tend to ask their senior officers to help in developing the junior officers. Concurrently the smaller shipping companies tend to take on the responsibility themselves to develop and have good communication with their junior officers.

The Swedish armed forces are changing. For a system to have military utility the system objectives must be adapted to the current doctrine, otherwise, they are not useful. The transition from international to national defense has created complications where a system that was created for certain system but is integrated into a defense with different criteria. RMMV HX2 auto trucks are such a system. This thesis is exploring the military utility for RMMV HX2 linked to the international objectives and the usefulness it has in today’s national defense.  The system achieves the objectives for the international service. The weight of the vehicle is problematic, in the national defense it requires deviations from traffic legislation and prevents mobility in terrain such as urban areas. The inadequate documentation and the absence of maintenance resources in Sweden affect the armed force’s ability to maintain the system long-term. The material system does not support the doctrine which affect the military utility and it would take extensive measures to integrate and develop the system in the national defense. A conclusion is that the system is suitable for units with lower criteria towards mobility and terrain capacity, for example, the artillery, the air defense, and the heavy transport unit. On the other hand, the Swedish defense forces should consider acquiring a new auto truck for the national defense, with good terrain capability that does not need deviation from the law to achieve military utility.

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Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to fill a significant research gap by exploring the dimensions that influence the process of enterprise resource planning (ERP) adoption in scale-up organizations. While previous research has shed light on ERP adoption in different types of established enterprises, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the specific issues faced by small but highly innovation-driven and fast-growing organizations. Methodology: To explore the purpose of this thesis, a qualitative, explorative single case study was conducted at a scale-up organization in Uppsala, Sweden, where the majority of the primary data for the study was collected. A total of 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted, ten within the case organization and an additional three in other scale-up organizations in Sweden. Using a structured methodology to ensure trustworthy and traceable findings, this thesis applied an inductive qualitative research approach. Findings: The results of this work propose a framework that considers the dimensions (1) scale up strategy, (2) organization, and (3) system as influential in the process of ERP adoption in scale-up organizations. Interdependent relationships between the definition of clear strategies for the future, organizational processes to be defined, and the requirements for a system to be implemented drive the ERP adoption process in scale-up organizations.  Originality: The derived SOS framework proposed by this thesis provides a new perspective in the field of ERP literature by elaborating on the triangulation of the scale-up organizations strategic considerations, its organizational processes and constraints, as well as the needs formulated towards the system dimensions in scale-up organizations. Further studies could build on this thesis, for example by exploring the entire implementation process of an ERP system in scale-up organizations or by examining long term effects of existing ERP implementations in this context.

The report contains information about the camera's functionalities and the artifacts it cancreate. Then, the reader is provided with a walkthrough, including examples of how theseartifacts can be applied in a compositing workflow. / Rapporten innehåller information om kamerans funktioner och artefakter den kan skapa. Därefter förses läsaren med en genomgång, inklusive exempel på hur dessa artefakter kan appliceras i ett sammansatt arbetsflöde.

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Rogue Crossing is a 3D, turn-based, roguelite, conquest game made in Unity. Where the goal is to conquer the different randomly generated levels that are built with the help of an automated tile generator. The subject of discussion is the automated tile generator and how assets are made for it. The system uses a Wave Function Collapse generator with elements from other algorithms such as Marching Cubes, Wang-Tiles and Blob-Tiles. In this study we will discuss briefly how these algorithms work and how Rogue Crossing approaches this with its WFC generator in Unity. The provided WFC also contains other tools and I will also be discussing how these affect tile creation and planning.

Studien har genomförts hos ett medelstort teknikbolag, vilket upplever svårigheter och bristande effektivitet med processen för hantering av avvikelser. Teknikbolaget erbjuder både produkter och tjänster. Studien undersöker avvikelseprocessen som helhet. Teoretiska koncept hämtade från teorier inom förändringsledning, kvalitetsutveckling och ledarskap används vidare i analysen.  Datainsamlingen baseras på metoder för att möjliggöra en kartläggning av Teknikbolagets arbetssätt och processer. Dokumentstudier, enkät och intervju är de metoder som använts och information har samlats in i fem steg. Inledande samtal, följs upp av granskning av dokumentation samt analys av data, vidare genomfördes en enkät med kompletterande intervju. Analysen visar på ett arbete med avvikelser som idag fokuserar på att få in fler rapporter, vilket leder till bristande prioritet av hantering av avvikelser. När medarbetarna inte kan ta del av de förbättringar som rapporterade avvikelser bidrar med, brister engagemanget för arbete med avvikelser.  Trots en hög kvalitetsambition lyckas Teknikbolaget inte vara den lärande organisation som de önskar. Tydlighet behöver skapas både gällande vad som ska göras och av vem, begrepp behöver förtydligas gällande vad avvikelsehanteringen avser, tillsammans med ökad kommunikation och transparens. Ansvaret för hantering av avvikelser är tilldelat enstaka individer, vilket leder till en utdragen process. Rapporterade avvikelser återkopplas inte vilket leder till bristande engagemang hos medarbetarna, detta bidrar till en kultur och ett beteende som visar på att avvikelsehanteringen inte är viktigt. Ledningen behöver med tydligare struktur och med förstärkning stödja det önskade beteendet. Detta kan göras med hjälp av ökat engagemang och utbildning. / This study was conducted at a medium-sized tech company, Teknikbolaget, the company is experiencing difficulties in working effectively with nonconformity. The company offers both products, and services. Document studies, questionnaires and interviews are the methods used and information has been collected in five steps. Initial interviews, followed by review of documentation and analysis of data, further a questionnaire with a supplementary interview was conducted. The theoretical ground of change management, quality development and leadership, has been used. The analysis shows that today’s work with nonconformity focuses on reporting, which leads to a lack of priority in handling the nonconformity. When employees cannot experience the advantage and the improvements the reported nonconformity leads to, there is a lack of commitment to work within the process. Despite the high-quality ambition, Teknikbolaget fails to be the learning organization they set up to be. The process for working with nonconformity needs to be clarified both regarding, what is to be done and by whom, along with increased communication and transparency. The responsibility for handling nonconformity is assigned to individuals, which today leads to a lengthy process. The feedback concerning nonconformity is missing, which leads to a lack of commitment among employees, this contributes to a culture and behavior that shows that nonconformity management is not important. With the help of structure and supportive behavior, management needs to reinforce the behaviors they expect, with the help of change management and soft systems.