Atualmente a popularidade da Web incentiva o desenvolvimento de sistemas hipermídia dedicados ao ensino a distância. Não obstante a maior parte destes sistemas usa os mesmos recursos do ensino tradicional, apresentado o conteúdo como páginas HTML estáticas, não fazendo uso das novas tecnologias que a Web oferece. Um desafío atual é desenvolver sistemas educativos que adaptem seu conteúdo ao estilo de aprendizagem, contexto e nível de conhecimento de cada aluno. Outro assunto de pesquisa é a capacidade de interoperar na Web reutilizando objetos de ensino. Este trabalho apresenta um enfoque que trata esses dois assuntos com as tecnologias da Web Semântica. O trabalho aqui apresentado modela o conhecimento do conteúdo educativo e do perfil do aluno pelo uso de ontologias cujo vocabulário é um refinamento de vocabulários padrões existentes na Web como pontos de referência para apoiar a interoperabilidade semântica. As ontologias permitem a representação numa linguagem formal dos metadados relativos a objetos de ensino simples e das regras que definem suas possíveis formas de agrupamento para desenvolver objetos mais complexos. Estes objetos mais complexos podem ser projetados para se adequar ao perfil de cada aluno por agentes inteligentes que usam a ontologia como origem de suas crenças. A reutilização de objetos de ensino entre diferentes aplicações é viabilizada pela construção de um perfil de aplicação do padrão IEEE LOM-Learning Object Metadata. / Nowadays, the popularity of the Web encourages the development of Hypermedia Systems dedicated to e-learning. Nevertheless, most of the available Web teaching systems apply the traditional paper-based learning resources presented as HTML pages making no use of the new capabilities provided by the Web. There is a challenge to develop educative systems that adapt the educative content to the style of learning, context and background of each student. Another research issue is the capacity to interoperate on the Web reusing learning objects. This work presents an approach to address these two issues by using the technologies of the Semantic Web. The approach presented here models the knowledge of the educative content and the learner’s profile with ontologies whose vocabularies are a refinement of those defined on standards situated on the Web as reference points to provide semantics. Ontologies enable the representation of metadata concerning simple learning objects and the rules that define the way that they can feasibly be assembled to configure more complex ones. These complex learning objects could be created dynamically according to the learners’ profile by intelligent agents that use the ontologies as the source of their beliefs. Interoperability issues were addressed by using an application profile of the IEEE LOM- Learning Object Metadata standard.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-03T12:02:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Moacir Bezerra de Andrade.pdf: 2249818 bytes, checksum: f9a729ac78dcf11c2675419e4b03ea11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T12:02:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moacir Bezerra de Andrade.pdf: 2249818 bytes, checksum: f9a729ac78dcf11c2675419e4b03ea11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / In order to study the topographical and descriptive thoracic and abdominal tracts and apteria in barn owls (Tyto alba, Scopoli 1769), 15 adult birds (06 males and 09 females), weighing 430g on average, donated after death by the Superintendent of the Brazilian Institute of Environmental and Natural Resources - IBAMA located in Pernambuco, were used. The birds were fixed by subcutaneous, intramuscular and intracavitary infusion of a 10% formaldehyde solution and immersed in the same solution for 48 hours. Afterwards, with the aid of surgical instruments, the feathers from the ventral, lateral and dorsal trunk regions were sectioned near the follicle, leaving 0.2 to 0.3 cm from the rack for easier visualization and recording of tracts and apteria. The Gallus gallus domesticus species was used for comparative morphology. The study showed that tracts and apteria presented undefined limits which may be smaller or larger than the regions where they are located. In addition to the tracts and apteria described in the comparative standard study, others were found (ventral humeral tract, cranial humeral apterium, interscapular apterium, ventral abdominal apterium, lateral and abdominal apteria and dorsopelvic apterium) which were analyzed, named and described according to their anatomical relations. It was observed that the pectoral and sternal tracts are attached cranially and caudally, giving the pectoral apterium a crescent-shaped conformation. The lateral body apterium is divided by the body´s lateral tract into two side parts, cranial and caudal. The sternal apterium does not communicate with other apteria cranially, but caudally, it extends as the ventral abdominal apterium. The lateral and medial abdominal tracts are delicate and showed morphological differences in the number of rows of feathers related to sex, being the lateral more developed in males and the medial more developed in females. Even though they belong to a different order, the Tyto alba species presents morphologically similar apteria (shape, size and syntopy relations) to the Gallus gallus domesticus species, as well as anatomical features that characterize their particular morphology and help in identifying sexual species. / Com o objetivo de estudar descritiva e topograficamente os tratos e aptérios, torácicos e abdominais, em Suindara (Tyto alba, Scopoli 1769), foram utilizadas 15 aves adultas (06 machos e 09 fêmeas), pesando em média 430 g, doadas por óbito pela Superintendência do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais – IBAMA em Pernambuco. As aves foram fixadas mediante a aplicação subcutânea, intramuscular e intracavitária de solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e imersas na mesma solução por 48 horas. Em seguida, com auxílio de instrumentos cirúrgicos, as penas constantes nas regiões ventral, laterais e dorsal do tronco foram seccionadas próximo ao folículo, deixando de 0,2 a 0,3 cm do raque para melhor visualização e registro dos tratos e aptérios. Utilizou-se como padrão morfológico comparativo, a espécie Gallus gallus domesticus. O estudo mostrou que os tratos e aptérios possuem limites adversos, podendo ser menores ou maiores que as regiões os quais estão localizados. Além dos descritos para o padrão comparativo, foram identificados um trato e quatro aptérios (trato umeral ventral, aptério umeral cranial, aptério interescapular, aptério abdominal ventral e aptério abdominal lateral) os quais foram denominados e descritos de acordo com as relações anatômicas. Os tratos peitoral e esternal são unidos cranialmente e caudalmente, conferindo ao aptério peitoral uma conformação semilunar. O aptério lateral do corpo é dividido pelo trato lateral do corpo em duas partes, cranial e caudal. O aptério esternal, cranialmente não se comunica com outros aptérios e, caudalmente, continua-se como aptério abdominal ventral. Os tratos abdominais lateral e medial são delicados e apresentaram diferenças morfológicas na quantidade de fileiras de penas em relação ao sexo, sendo o lateral mais desenvolvido nos machos e o medial mais desenvolvido nas fêmeas. Mesmo pertencendo a ordem diferente, a Tyto alba apresenta tratos e aptérios com semelhanças morfológicas (forma, dimensão e relações de sintopia) aos da Gallus gallus domesticus, como também aspectos anatômicos particulares que caracterizam seu padrão morfológico além de auxiliar na identificação sexual da espécie.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-09-30T17:07:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) desantis_2016_tese.pdf: 4644779 bytes, checksum: bf709310edfd2cd0392be42f6d1b1301 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T17:07:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) desantis_2016_tese.pdf: 4644779 bytes, checksum: bf709310edfd2cd0392be42f6d1b1301 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-07 / A ciência contemporânea vem se deparando com a necessidade de novas formulações que sejam capazes de superar as restrições decorrentes do pensamento científico tradicional, de inspiração cartesiana e que postula: a separação clara e inequívoca dos objetos do mundo; a possibilidade de divisão do todo em partes menores; a resolução de problemas a partir das partes menores; a garantia de recomposição da totalidade a partir da junção das partes. Teorias do pensamento complexo vem sendo desenvolvidas como alternativas a este modelo simplificador, no intuito de evidenciar as suas limitações e oferecer métodos de abordagem compatíveis com este novo paradigma. Esta pesquisa investiga as bases para concepção de um sistema de organização do conhecimento capaz de lidar com domínios complexos, identificando as matrizes de sua formulação em autores como conde de Buffon e Ranganathan. A superação das dicotomias e da noção teleológica do conhecimento é investigada a partir de uma abordagem semiótica, fundamentada na representação simbólica do conhecimento, a partir dos trabalhos de Ernst Cassirer e baseia-se na noção de fronteira em Gilles Deleuze e de dispositivo em Michel Foucault. O método complexo proposto por Edgar Morin fundamenta a base metodológica para aplicação do esquematismo tensivo proposto por Viggo Brøndal. A formulação de um sistema de organização do conhecimento capaz de abordar domínios complexos baseia-se em um duplo deslocamento: o primeiro consiste no reconhecimento da primazia da recuperação em relação à representação em sistemas de organização do conhecimento, hipótese defendida desde a década de 1950 por pesquisadores como Jesse Shera e posteriormente por Brian Vickery. O segundo deslocamento diz respeito à unidade básica do conhecimento tratável, que deixa de ser a noção de conceito – hierárquico, dicotômico, com fronteiras bem definidas e cujo pertencimento é reduzido a uma relação binária, de valor verdadeiro ou falso –, para se tornar o dispositivo infocomunicacional – com suas relações imanentes, potencialmente desdobráveis ao infinito, com fronteiras sobrepostas e mutuamente interferentes, e o pertencimento mensurável em graus. O recurso a ferramentas e linguagens matemáticas e tecnológicas, como a lógica fuzzy e a web semântica, possibilitaram a consecução prática deste tipo de abordagem, que foi aplicada empiricamente no domínio da canção popular brasileira. Este domínio complexo, dotado de uma linguagem própria (a linguagem da canção) permitiu verificar a insuficiência das abordagens tradicionais, baseadas em metadados ou métodos colaborativos de classificação e mostrou-se adequado ao permitir uma abordagem multidimensional do conhecimento, considerando-o não como produto encerrado em si, mas enfatizando seu caráter dinâmico enquanto processo cuja construção é de natureza social e histórica. / Contemporary science has been faced with the need of new approaches, able to overcome the constraints resulting from the traditional scientific thought of cartesian inspiration and that postulates: the clear and unambiguous separation of objects in the world; the possibility of division of the hole into smaller parts; the problem solving from the smaller parts; the guarantee of full recovery of the totality from the connection of the parties. Theories of complex thinking has been developed as alternatives to this simplifying model in order to show its limitations and offer approach methods compatible with this new paradigm. This research investigates the basis for the conception of an knowledge organization systems capable of dealing with complex domains, identifying the foundation of its formulation in authors as comte de Buffon and Ranganathan. The overcoming of dichotomies and of the teleological notion of knowledge is investigated from a semiotic approach, based on symbolic representation of knowledge, from Ernst Cassirer works, and based on the use of the notion of boundaries, by Gilles Deleuze, and of dispositif, by Michel Foucault. The complex method proposed by Edgar Morin is the methodological approach for the application of tensive schematism proposed by Viggo Brøndal. The formulation of an organization knowledge system able to address complex domains is based on a double displacement: the first one consist in the recognition of the primacy of recovery in relation to the representation in organizational systems of knowledge, hypothesis advocated since the 1950s by researchers as Jesse Shera and later by Brian Vickery. The second displacement concerns to the basic unit of treatable knowledge, that is no longer the notion of concept – hierarchical, dichotomous, with its well defined boundaries and which belonging is reduced to a binary relationship, of true or false value - to become the infocommunicational dispositif – with its immanent relations, potentially roll away to infinity, with overlapping and mutually interfering boundaries and with its belonging measurable in degrees. The use of mathematical and technological tools and languages, such as fuzzy logic and the semantic web, enabled the practical achievement of this approach, which was empirically applied in the domain of Brazilian popular songs. This complex domain, endowed with its own language (the song’s language) has shown the inadequacy of traditional approaches based on metadata or collaborative classification methods and revealed to be successful by allowing a multi-dimensional approach of knowledge, considering it not as a finished product in itself, but emphasizing its dynamic character as process which the construction is of social and historical nature.

Cette thèse traite le domaine de coopération des systèmes d'informations basée sur les ontologies. Nous proposons une architecture globale, appelée OWSCIS, qui se base sur les ontologies et les services-web pour la coopération des systèmes d'informations distribués et hétérogènes. Dans cette thèse, nous focalisons sur la problématique de connexion des sources d'informations locales vers des ontologies locales dans le cadre de l'architecture OWSCIS. Cette problématique est articulée en trois axes principaux: 1) la création de l'ontologie locale des sources d'informations locales, 2) la mise en correspondance des sources d'informations locales avec l'ontologie locale, et 3) la traduction des requêtes sur l'ontologie locale vers des requêtes sur les sources d'informations locales. / This thesis treats the area of ontology-based cooperation of information systems. We propose a global architecture called OWSCIS that is based on ontologies and web-services for the cooperation of distributed heterogeneous information systems. In this thesis, we focus on the problem of connecting the local information sources to the local ontologies within OWSCIS architecture. This problem is articulated by three main axes: 1) the creation of the local ontology from the local information sources, 2) the mapping of local information sources to an existing local ontology, and 3) the translation of queries over the local ontologies into queries over local information sources.

In order to spell fluently and accurately, phonology, orthography, and morphology must be integrated and stored into long term memory (Berninger & Richards, in press; Berninger, Nagy, Tanimoto, Thompson, Abbott, 2015). Children with dysgraphia, dyslexia, and OWL-LD have specific deficits in linguistic processing that impede the cross-mapping of these linguistic elements. This study analyzes the frequency and nature of spelling errors produced by children with dysgraphia, dyslexia, and OWL-LD during an academic writing task in order to determine if known deficits in linguistic processing affect the type and severity of spelling errors made by these children. The present study analyzed error severity and frequency of spelling errors produced by children with dysgraphia (n=13), dyslexia (n=17), or OWL-LD (n=5) during the academic writing tasks obtained in the Berninger et al. (2015) study. In the previous study, students read or listened to computerized lessons about basic mathematical concepts and then typed summaries of what they learned. For the current study, all spelling errors made during the typed summary writing tasks were extracted and analyzed using the Phonological, Orthographic, Morphological Assessment of Spelling (POMAS) and then recoded with POMplexity (a measure of error severity) to determine the severity and frequency of spelling errors made in the linguistic categories of phonology, orthography, and morphology. Results indicated that the students did not differ in error severity by diagnostic category. However, a qualitative analysis using the POMAS revealed that children from different diagnostic categories produced different types of errors. With respect to error frequency, only students with dysgraphia made significantly fewer errors than students with OWL-LD, and all participants, regardless of diagnostic category produced more errors in typed summaries following the reading condition. These results are consistent with previous research indicating that children with learning disabilities do not produce deviant spelling errors when compared to typically-developing, age-matched peers or typically-developing, spelling-matched peers (Silliman, Bahr, and Peters, 2006, among others). The current results demonstrate that the spelling errors of children with learning disabilities reflect the expected linguistic breakdowns in cross-code mapping, and that children with learning disabilities may display these spelling deficits beyond an appropriate age.

This thesis is focused on determining the sex of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus). Bird feathers were used during determination that were taken from owl`s back while capturing and ringing. We have attempted to differentiate the sex of captured Long-eared Owl by DNA isolation from blood platelets in the bird quail and subsequent PCR reaction. This thesis also describes the PCR method, which is one of the most used methods in the todays laboratories of many different field of science. I also mention the individual components that are needed for the process of this reaction, its history and its individual steps. Part of my diploma thesis is also the characteristic of the tested order and possible gender division based on morphological features. On this basis, there is also mention of the sexual dimorphism of birds, their plumage and its subsequent coloring. At birds and also at other animals are used different techniques of molecular determination of sex, which I also refer to in my work. Keywords Long-eared Owl (Asio otus), sex, chromosomes, feathers, colour, PCR, DNA

The vision of the Semantic Web aims at enhancing today's Web in order to provide a more efficient and reliable environment for both providers and consumers of Web resources (i.e. information and services). To deploy the Semantic Web, various technologies have been developed, such as machine understandable description languages, language parsers, goal matchers, and resource composition algorithms. Since the Semantic Web is just emerging, each technology tends to make assumptions about different aspects of the Semantic Web's architecture and use, such as the kind of applications that will be deployed, the resource descriptions, the consumers' and providers' requirements, and the existence and capabilities of other technologies. In order to ensure the deployment of a robust and useful Semantic Web and the applications that will rely on it, several aspects of the technologies must be investigated, such as whether the assumptions made are reasonable, whether the existing technologies allow construction of a usable Semantic Web, and the systematic identification of which technology to use when designing new applications. In this thesis we provide a means of investigating these aspects for service discovery, which is a critical task in the context of the Semantic Web. We propose a simulation and evaluation platform for evaluating current and future Semantic Web technology with different resource sets and consumer and provider requirements. For this purpose we provide a model to represent the Semantic Web, a model of the evaluation platform, an implementation of the evaluation platform as a multi-agent system, and an illustrative use of the platform to evaluate some service discovery technology in a travel scenario. The implementation of the platform shows the feasibility of our evaluation approach. We show how the platform provides a controlled setting to support the systematic identification of bottlenecks and other challenges for new Semantic Web applications. Finally, the evaluation shows that the platform can be used to assess technology with respect to both hardware issues such as the kind and number of computers involved in a discovery scenario, and other issues such as the evaluation of the quality of the service discovery result.

In this report, we investigate how the methods developed for using in Semantic Web technology could be used in capturing, modeling, developing, checking, and validating of requirements specifications. Requirements specification is a complex and time-consuming process. The goal is to describe exactly what the user wants and needs before the next phase of the software development cycle will be started. Any failure and mistake in requirements specification is very expensive because it causes the development of software parts that are not compatible with the real needs of the user and must be reworked later. When the analysis phase of a project starts, analysts have to discuss the problem to be solved with the customer (users, domain experts) and then write the requirements found in form of a textual description. This is a form the customer can understand. However, any textual description of requirements can be (and usually is) incorrect, incomplete, ambiguous, and inconsistent. Later on, the analyst specifies a UML model based on the requirements description written by himself before. However, users and domain experts cannot validate the UML model as most of them do not understand (semi-)formal languages such as UML. It is well-known that the most expensive failures in software projects have their roots in requirements specifications. Misunderstanding between analysts, experts, users, and customers (stakeholders) is very common and brings projects over budget. The goal of this investigation is to do some (at least partial) checking and validation of the UML model using a predefined domain-specific ontology in OWL, and to process some checking using the assertions in descriptive logic. As we described in our previous papers, we have implemented a tool obtaining a modul (a computer linguistic component) that can generate a text of requirements description using information from UML models, so that the stakeholders can read it and decide whether the analyst's understanding is right or how different it is from their own one. We argue that the feedback caused by the UML model checking (by ontologies and OWL DL reasoning) can have an important impact on the quality of the outgoing requirements. This report contains a description and explanation of methods developed and used in Semantic Web Technology and a proposed concept for their use in requirements specification. It has been written during my sabbatical in Oviedo and it should serve as a starting point for theses of our students who will implement ideas described here and run some experiments concerning the efficiency of the proposed method.

We measured ventilation, oxygen consumption and blood gases in burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) breathing moderate and extreme hypoxic gas mixtures to determine their hypoxic ventilatory threshold (HVT) and to assess if they, like other birds and mammals, exhibit a relationship between HVT and hemoglobin O2 affinity (P50) of their blood. An earlier report of an attenuated ventilatory responsiveness of this species to hypoxia was enigmatic given the low O2 affinity (high P50) of burrowing owl hemoglobin. In the current study, burrowing owls breathing 11% and 9% O2 showed a significantly elevated total ventilation. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) at which ventilation is elevated above normoxic values in burrowing owls was 58 mm Hg. This threshold value conforms well to expectations based on the high P50 of their hemoglobin and the HVT vs. P50 relationship for birds developed in this study. Correcting for phylogenetic relatedness in the multi-species analysis had no effect on the HVT vs. P50 relationship. Also, because burrowing owls in this study did not show a hypometabolic response at any level of hypoxia (even at 9% O2); HVT described in terms of percent change in oxygen convection requirement is identical to that based on ventilation alone.

This thesis project is about possibilities of storing genealogic data in different formats and based on the results it suggests data format which can be used consequently as a source for the vizualization by semantic web. In the scope of the project there is a genealogic application implemented for KiWi platform. This application enable visualization of designed format using prefuse technology. There are basic and aslo some other usefull information about the basic technologies of the semantic web like RDF, XM, ontology, OWL language stated in the document.