QUEIROZ, Ismael Nilo Lino de. Caracterização estrutural preliminar e efeitos na inflamação da lectina da alga marinha verde Caulerpa cupressoides. 115 f. : Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) - Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-05-23T13:42:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_inlqueiroz.pdf: 2778929 bytes, checksum: 1ecf927693bc8e91aabb5a746c3dfbce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-05T19:19:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_inlqueiroz.pdf: 2778929 bytes, checksum: 1ecf927693bc8e91aabb5a746c3dfbce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T19:19:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_inlqueiroz.pdf: 2778929 bytes, checksum: 1ecf927693bc8e91aabb5a746c3dfbce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Lectins seaweed have various pharmacological applications. This work was partially characterize the structure and evaluate the effects on classical models of inflammation lectin of the green seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides. The Caulerpa cupressoides lectin (CcL) was extracted with Tris-HCl 25 mM, pH 7.5 and isolated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Structural characterization showed a partial aminoterminal sequence with 31 amino acid residues, obtained according to the method of Edman degradation, while in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the CcL 1H-NMR purified by Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose obtained by was demonstrated similarity between signals obtained in both spectra. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in male Wistar rats (n = 6), using the model of paw edema induced by carrageenan (700 μg/paw), dextran (500 μg/paw), histamine (100 μg/paw), serotonin (20 μg/paw) or bradykinin (30 μg/paw). Groups of animals were treated with CcL (0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg, i.v.) 30 min before the inflammatory stimulus. Was evaluated the involvement of CcL (1.0 mg/kg) towards heme oxygenase-1. Groups were used that were treated with inhibitor CcL linked mucin (8.0 mg/kg, i.v.) or only mucin (8.0 mg/kg, i.v.) and dexamethasone (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) were used as controls. The effect edematogenic CcL was evaluated by applying the doses of 0.1, 1.0 or 10 mg/kg (i.pl.). In the trial of paw edema induced by carrageenan, CcL reduced edema formation was confirmed by determining tissue levels of myeloperoxidase. CcL (1.0 mg/kg) showed no mucin linked to anti-inflammatory effect on the paw edema induced by carrageenan, except in the first hour after stimulation. In dextran-induced edema, CcL also inhibited the osmotic swelling. Only the dose of 1.0 mg/kg was used in reducing histamine-induced edema by 40% the edema within 30 min CcL (1.0 mg/kg), however, did not reduce the edema induced by serotonin or bradykinin. Besides, in the histological analysis of tissue subplantar, CcL (1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) was able to reduce cell migration. In the presence of ZnPP IX (3.0 mg/kg, s.c.), CcL has lost its ability to inhibit the carrageenan-induced edema, exerting its mechanism of action anti-inflammatory pathway through the involvement of HO-1. While in immunohistochemistry, CcL (10 mg/kg) reduced the expression of IL-1β, but intense staining occurred cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and expression of HO-1 in the groups treated with the same dose of CcL. In relation the effect edematogenic, CcL was able to induce intense inflammatory process with dose-dependent effect. However, the induced edema at a dose of 10 mg/kg was CcL was inhibited by indomethacin, meclizine, pentoxifylline and dexamethasone. Therefore, when the CcL partially characterized presented in its aminoterminal sequence of 43% identity with the protein from unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and showed anti-and pro-inflammatory therapeutic agent is considered a potential for future studies in inflammatory processes. / As lectinas de algas marinhas possuem várias aplicações farmacológicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar parcialmente a estrutura e avaliar os efeitos em modelos clássicos de inflamação da lectina da alga marinha verde Caulerpa cupressoides. A lectina de Caulerpa cupressoides (LCc) foi extraída com tampão Tris-HCl 25 mM, pH 7,5 e isolada por cromatografia de troca iônica em coluna de DEAE-celulose. A caracterização estrutural parcial apresentou uma sequência aminoterminal com 31 resíduos de aminoácidos, obtida de acordo com o método de degradação de Edman, enquanto que na espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear unidimensional 1H para a LCc purificada por Sephadex G-100 e obtida por DEAE-celulose, foi demostrado uma similaridade entre os sinais obtidos em ambos os espectros. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi avaliada em ratos Wistar machos (n=6), utilizando o modelo de edema de pata induzidos por carragenana (700 μg/pata), dextrana (500 μg/pata), histamina (100 μg/pata), serotonina (20 μg/pata) ou bradicinina (30 μg/pata). Grupos de animais foram submetidos ao tratamento com LCc (0,1; 1,0 ou 10,0 mg/kg; i.v.), 30 min antes do estímulo inflamatório. Foi avaliado o envolvimento da LCc (1,0 mg/kg) na via da Heme oxigenase-1. Foram utilizados grupos que receberam tratamento com LCc ligada ao inibidor mucina (8,0 mg/kg; i.v.) ou somente mucina (8,0 mg/kg; i.v.) e dexametasona (1,0 mg/kg; s.c.) foram utilizados como controles. O efeito edematogênico de LCc foi avaliado aplicando as doses de 0,1; 1,0 ou 10 mg/kg (i.pl.). No ensaio de edema de pata induzido por carragenana, LCc reduziu a formação de edema sendo confirmado pela determinação dos níveis teciduais de mieloperoxidase. A LCc (1,0 mg/kg) ligada a mucina não apresentou efeito anti-inflamatório no edema de pata induzido por carragenana, exceto na primeira hora após o estímulo. No edema induzido por dextrana, LCc também inibiu o edema osmótico. Apenas a dose de 1,0 mg/kg foi utilizada no edema induzido por histamina reduzindo em 40% o edema no intervalo de 30 min LCc (1,0 mg/kg), entretanto, não reduziu a formação de edema induzido por serotonina ou bradicinina. Além disso, na análise histológica do tecido subplantar, LCc (1,0 e 10,0 mg/kg) foi capaz de reduzir a migração celular. Na presença de ZnPP IX (3,0 mg/kg; s.c.), LCc perdeu sua capacidade inibir o edema induzido por carragenana, exercendo seu mecanismo de ação anti-inflamatório através do envolvimento da via da HO-1. Enquanto que na imunohistoquímica, LCc (10 mg/kg) reduziu a expressão de IL-1β, porém ocorreu intensa marcação das citocinas TNF-α e IL-6, além da expressão de HO-1, nos grupos tratados com a mesma dose de LCc. Com relação ao efeito edematogênico, LCc foi capaz de induzir intenso processo inflamatório com efeito dose-dependente. No entanto, o edema induzido com a dose de 10 mg/kg de LCc foi foi inibido por indometacina, meclizina, pentoxifilina e dexametasona. Portanto, a LCc quando parcialmente caracterizada apresentou na sua sequência aminoterminal uma identidade de 43% com a proteína da alga verde unicelular Chlamydomonas reinhardtii e apresentou propriedades anti- e pró-inflamatórias, sendo considerada um agente terapêutico em potencial para estudos futuros nos processos inflamatórios.

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) are diseases with considerable individual variation. Genetic background plays an important role in disease susceptibility and severity. To evaluate the relationship between certain genetic loci and diseases subtypes we genotyped and analysed evolution of selected clinical parameters. We investigated a group of 75 pacients with AN (1. study), 127 DSM-4 and ICD-10 diagnosed patients with AN and BN (2. study), and contributed to sample of 2907 AN patients in large GWAS study. Results from the 1st study support association of polymorphism -1438G/A in serotonine receptor 5-HT2A with AN and compare the results from other studies with metaanalyses. In next, polymorphism responsible for the serotonine neurotransmission (serotonine transporter 5-HTT, polymorphisms LPR and VNTR) the study shows different association trend of LPR with AN in Czech population compared to other studies. 5-HTT VNTR polymorphism had no observed association. The second study investigated the role of hemeoxygenase 1 (plays a pivotal role in metabolic stress protecting cells) in eating disorders, in interaction with enviromental stress. We investigated the usefulness of an aggregate measure of the risks of AN and BN that is based on genetic susceptibility loci and the added effect of...

Endothelial dysfunction is a pathologic state characterized by an altered equilibrium among vasodilatory and antithrombotic mediators and vasoconstrictive and prothrombotic mediators produced by the vascular endothelium. Multiple factors induce impaired production or increased consumption nitric oxide (NO), the key mediator of vascular homeostasis, produced by the nitric oxide synthase enzymes (NOS). Endothelial dysfunction represents one of the initial steps in the development of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular wall. The inducible enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) represents one of the main cellular defense mechanisms against increased oxidative stress and decreased NO bioavailability accompanying endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We studied the genetic determinants of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis by evaluating the association of the G894T endothelial NOS (eNOS) polymorphism and the HO-1 (GT)n promoter polymorphism with coronary artery atherosclerosis severity and risk profile and their evolution during hypolipidaemic treatment. In addition, we searched for genetic variations in exons 25 and 26 of eNOS gene, encoding the C-terminal part of the protein, deemed crucial for proper enzyme function and the 3'- untranslated region crucial for eNOS...

Na lesão renal aguda, os mecanismos de defesa atuam como genes protetores, como a proteína heat shock 32 (HSP 32), também conhecida como heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1). A polimixina B (PmxB) é um antimicrobiano nefrotóxico. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a participação da enzima HO-1 na toxicidade da PmxB em células LLC-PK1. As células foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: Controle (CTL- 0µM); Hemin (indutor de HO-1, 25µM); Hemin II (250M), Protoporfirina de zinco (ZnPP - inibidor de HO-1, 10M,); Nitro-L-arginina-metilester (L-NAME - inibidor de iNOS, 0,1mM); PmxB (375µM); PmxB + Hemin (25µM de Hemin uma hora antes da PmxB); PmxB + ZnPP (10M de ZnPP uma hora antes da PmxB); PmxB + Hemin + L-NAME (25M de Hemin e 0,1mM de L-NAME uma hora antes da PmxB). Os grupos foram avaliados em 24 e 72 horas. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: desidrogenase láctica (DHL), peroxidação lipídica (MDA), expressão gênica da HO-1 por RT-PCR, síntese protéica da HO-1 por imunofluorescência, óxido nítrico (NO) pelo método de Griess e expressão protéica da HO-1 e da iNOS por western blotting. Os resultados mostraram que a PmxB elevou o DHL com aumento dos níveis de MDA. O Hemin e a ZnPP elevaram as variáveis DHL, MDA e óxido nítrico (NO). O indutor de HO-1 incrementou a expressão protéica da HO-1 e da iNOS. A PmxB se confirmou como citotóxica e a HO-1 intensificou a lesão por mecanismos oxidativos. O efeito da HO-1 na lesão celular parece ser mediado pelo NO / In the acute kidney injury, the mechanisms of defense act as protector genes, as the protein heat shock 32 (HSP 32), also known as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The polymyxin B (PmxB) is a nephrotoxic antimicrobial. The aim of this study was to distinguish the role of the HO-1 enzyme in the PmxB toxicity in LLC-PK1 cells. The cells were submitted to the following treatments: Control (CTL- 0µM); Hemin (inhibitor of HO-1, 25µM); Hemin II (250M), Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP - inhibitor of HO-1, 10M,); NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME - inhibitor of iNOS, 0,1mM); PmxB (375µM); PmxB + Hemin (25µM of Hemin one hour before the PmxB); PmxB + ZnPP (10M of ZnPP one hour before the PmxB); PmxB + Hemin + L-NAME (25M of Hemin and 0,1mM of L-NAME one hour before the PmxB). All groups were evaluated in 24 and 72 hours. The following parameters were analysed: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation (MDA), genic expression of HO-1 by RT-PCR, protein syntesis of HO-1 by immunofluorescence, nitric oxide (NO) by Griess method and protein expression of HO-1 and of iNOS by western blotting. The results showed that PmxB increased the LDH and the levels of MDA. Hemin and ZnPP also increased the LDH variables, MDA and nitric oxide (NO). The inducer of HO-1 improved the protein expression of HO-1 and of iNOS. The PmxB was confirmed as a cytotoxic and the HO-1 intensified the failure by oxidative mechanisms. The effect of HO-1 in the cell injury seemed to be mediated by NO

Bien que les résultats métaboliques de la transplantation d’îlots chez le patient diabétique de type 1 soient désormais bien démontrés, ils sont contrebalancés par les effets indésirables des traitements immunosuppresseurs et la perte de fonctionnalité du greffon à long terme.Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons étudié deux approches complémentaires offrant la perspective de s’affranchir du traitement immunosuppresseur tout en protégeant les îlots de l’apoptose et de la perte de fonctionnalité du greffon induites par les mécanismes d’isolement, de culture et de transplantation : l’immunoisolation des îlots dans des capsules de biomatériaux et la co-transplantation avec des cellules souches mésenchymateuses (CSM).Au sein du projet européen de pancréas artificiel BIOCAPAN, nous avons évalué in vitro, la biocompatibilité de différents biomatériaux et mis en évidence un effet combiné de la présence de CSM et des tripeptides RGD sur le maintien de la viabilité et de la fonctionnalité des îlots encapsulés. L’évaluation ultérieure de la biocompatibilité et de l’effet ajouté de la capsule BIOCAPAN sur des animaux diabétiques permettra la validation de la capsule qui sera proposée à des tests d’essais cliniques.Nous avons également démontré, dans un modèle de co-culture d’îlots avec des CSM dans des conditions de culture classiques et exposées à des cytokines pro-inflammatoires, que les CSM régulaient les capacités sécrétrices des îlots probablement via la régulation de l’hème oxygénase 1 (HO-1). L’identification des facteurs de transcription régulant HO-1 ainsi que des médiateurs permettant la communication entre les deux types cellulaires sont des perspectives de développement.Ce travail a souligné l’intérêt, au sein d’une approche immuno-isolante, de la reconstitution d’un environnement favorable au sein de la capsule permettant la préservation de l’îlot notamment via l’utilisation de CSM. / Although, the metabolic results of islets transplantation for patient with type 1 diabetes are now well documented, they are counteracted by the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapies and the long-term loss in graft functionality.During this thesis, we worked on two complementary approaches offering the perspective of avoiding immunosuppressive treatment while protecting islets from apoptosis and loss of functionality induced by the mechanisms of isolation, culture and transplantation. These two tools are islet immunoisolation in capsules composed of specific biomaterials and islets co-transplantation with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) described for their immunomodulatory, proangiogenic and cytoprotective properties.In the european project of bioartificial pancreas BIOCAPAN, we have evaluated in vitro the biocompatibility of several biomaterials and we have highlight a combined effect of the presence of MSCs and tripeptides RGD on the viability and the functionality maintenance of the encapsulated islets. Subsequent in vivo validation of the biocompatibility and the added effect of the BIOCAPAN capsule on diabetic animals will allow the final validation of the capsule to be proposed for clinical trials.We also demonstrated, in an islet co-culture model with MSCs under conventional culture conditions and exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines, that MSCs regulate the secretory capacity of islets probably via the regulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) described for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The identification of transcription factors regulating HO-1 as well as mediators, allowing communication between the two cell types, are development perspectives.This work underlined the interest, within an immuno-isolation approach, of the reconstitution of a favorable environment within the capsule allowing the preservation of islet physiology thanks to the use of MSCs.

Endothelial dysfunction is a pathologic state characterized by an altered equilibrium among vasodilatory and antithrombotic mediators and vasoconstrictive and prothrombotic mediators produced by the vascular endothelium. Multiple factors induce impaired production or increased consumption nitric oxide (NO), the key mediator of vascular homeostasis, produced by the nitric oxide synthase enzymes (NOS). Endothelial dysfunction represents one of the initial steps in the development of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular wall. The inducible enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) represents one of the main cellular defense mechanisms against increased oxidative stress and decreased NO bioavailability accompanying endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We studied the genetic determinants of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis by evaluating the association of the G894T endothelial NOS (eNOS) polymorphism and the HO-1 (GT)n promoter polymorphism with coronary artery atherosclerosis severity and risk profile and their evolution during hypolipidaemic treatment. In addition, we searched for genetic variations in exons 25 and 26 of eNOS gene, encoding the C-terminal part of the protein, deemed crucial for proper enzyme function and the 3'- untranslated region crucial for eNOS...

Die Hämoxygenase-1 (HO-1) ist das geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Enzym des Hämabbaus und ist wichtiger Regulator inflammatorischer Prozesse. Der Verlauf einer experimentellen akuten Pankreatitis (AP) konnte im Tiermodell durch HO-1 Induktion abgemildert werden. Die Aktivierung und Proliferation pankreatischer Stellatum Zellen (PSC) wird durch eine experimentelle HO-1 Induktion inhibiert und kann so möglicherweise vor der Fibrosierung des Pankreasparenchyms bei chronischer Pankreatitis (CP) schützen. Die Transkription der HO-1 wird durch einen GT-Repeat beeinflusst, der im Promoter lokalisiert ist. Diese Arbeit untersuchte, ob Varianten des GT-Repeat oder weitere genetische Varianten der HO-1 mit verschiedenen Pankreatitisformen assoziiert sind. Der GT-Repeat und der SNP rs2071746 wurden mit fluoreszensmarkierten Primern bzw. mit Schmelzkurvenanalyse bei 285 Patienten mit AP, bei 208 Patienten mit alkoholischer CP (ACP), bei 207 mit idiopathischer/hereditärer CP (ICP/HCP), 147 Patienten mit Alkoholischer Leberzirrhose (ALZ) und bei 289 Kontrollen untersucht. Bei den ACP Patienten wurde die GT-Repeat Analyse auf insgesamt 446 Patienten erhöht. Zusätzlich wurden die kodierenden HO-1 Abschnitte mittels DNA-Sequenzierung bei 145 Patienten mit ACP, 138 Patienten mit ICP/HCP, 147 Patienten mit ALZ und bei 151 Kontrollen analysiert. Das Exon 3 wurde darüber hinaus bei zusätzlichen ICP/HP Patienten und Kontrollen untersucht. Die Längenverteilungen des GT-Repeat, die Allelverteilung des SNP rs2071746 und die Verteilung der bei der DNA-Sequenzierung gefundenen synonymen und nicht synonymen Varianten waren bei allen untersuchten Gruppen nicht signifikant unterschiedlich. Obwohl die funktionellen Daten einen Einfluss von HO-1 Varianten auf die Pathogenese der verschiedenen Pankreatitis-Formen nahelegen, konnte unsere umfangreiche genetische Analyse keine Assoziation nachweisen. Genetische Varianten der HO-1 haben keinen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung einer AP, ACP, ICP/HCP und ALZ.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorbemerkung ..................................................................................................... 3 Bibliographische Beschreibung.......................................................................... 4 Abkürzungen/Abbildungen ................................................................................ 6 1. Einleitung........................................................................................................9 1.1 Akute Pankreatitis ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Chronische Pankreatitis ............................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Genetische Aspekte der Chronischen Pankreatitis ...................................................................... 12 1.3.1 Kationisches Trypsinogen (PRSS1) ...................................................................................... 12 1.3.2 Anionisches Trypsinogen (PRSS2) ....................................................................................... 14 1.3.3 Serinproteaseinhibitor, Kazal Typ1 (SPINK1)..................................................................... 14 1.3.4 Chymotrypsin C (CTRC) ...................................................................................................... 15 1.3.5 CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) ...................................... 15 1.4 Hämoxygenase-1 ......................................................................................................................... 16 1.4.1 Physiologische Bedeutung der Hämoxygenase-1 (HO-1) .................................................... 16 1.4.2 Genetische Varianten der Hämoxygenase-1 ........................................................................ 18 1.4.3 Hämoxygenase-1 und Pankreatitis....................................................................................... 20 1.5 Hypothese/Fragestellung ............................................................................................................. 21 2. Publikation ..................................................................................................... 22 3. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit ...................................................................... 23 4. Literaturverzeichnis...................................................................................... 28 5. Danksagung.................................................................................................... 35 6. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit .......................... 36 7. Lebenslauf ...................................................................................................... 37

L’hème oxygénase-1 (HO-1), enzyme antioxydante, est capable de prévenir l’initiation tumorale tandis qu’elle promeut la progression de certaines tumeurs et l’angiogenèse. Ce travail a recherché si HO-1 peut moduler les microARNs et régule le développmemnt du carcinome pulmonaire humain non à petites cellules (NSCLC). La surexpression stable de HO-1 dans les cellules du NSCLC NCI-H292 accroit la production globale des miARNs et diminue significativement l’expression des oncomirs et angiomirs, tandis qu’elle augmente les miARNs suppresseurs de tumeurs. Le plus amplement diminué est le miR-378. Dans les cellules surexprimant HO-1 la p53 est aussi augmentée, Ang-1 et MUC5AC diminuées, prolifération migration et potentiel angiogéniques réduits. Les effets de HO-1 sur la prolifération tumorale, la migration et et l’expression de miR-378 sont modulées par CO. Au contraire, la surexpression stable de miR-378 décroit celle de HO-1 et de p53 tandis qu’elle accroît celle de MUC5AC, VEGF, IL-8 et Ang-1 et en conséquence accroit la prolifération, migration la stimulation des cellules endothéliales. L’ajout de HO-1 à des cellules surexprimant miR-378 réverse l’effet de miR-378 sur la prolifération et la migration des cellules cancéreuses. In vivo, les tumeurs surexprimant HO-1 sont de taille réduite, moins vascularisées et oxygénées et moins métastatiques tandis que la surexpression de miR-378 produit les effets inverses. Conformément, chez les patients NSCLC, l’expression de HO-1est réduite dans les métastases lymphatiques par rapport à la tumeur primaire tandis que miR-378 n’est pas modifié de manière significative. En conclusion, les résultats in vitro et in vivo indiquent que l’action coordonnée entre HO-1 et miR-378 module de manière significative la progression et l’angiogenèse du carcinome humain pulmonaire non à petites cellules. / Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an antioxidant enzyme can prevent tumor initiation while it has been demonstrated to promote various tumors progression and angiogenesis. Here it was investigated whether HO-1 can modulate microRNAs and regulate human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. Stable HO-1 overexpression in NSCLC NCI-H292 cells enhanced global production of miRNAs and significantly diminished expression of oncomirs and angiomirs, whereas upregulated tumor suppressive miRNAs. The most potently downregulated was miR-378. HO-1 overexpressing cells displayed also upregulated p53, downregulated Ang-1 and MUC5AC, reduced proliferation, migration and diminished angiogenic potential. CO was a mediator of HO-1 effects on tumor cells proliferation, migration and miR-378 expression. In contrast, stable miR-378 overexpression decreased HO-1 and p53 while enhanced expression of MUC5AC, VEGF, IL-8 and Ang-1 and consequently increased proliferation, migration and stimulation of endothelial cells. Adenoviral delivery of HO-1 to miR-378 overexpressing cells reversed miR-378 effect on proliferation and migration of cancer cells. In vivo, HO-1 overexpressing tumors were smaller, less vascularized and oxygenated and less metastatic, whereas miR-378 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Accordingly, in patients with NSCLC, HO-1 expression was lower in metastases to lymph nodes than in primary tumors while miR-378 did not differ significantly. To conclude, in vitro and in vivo data indicate that interplay between HO-1 and miR-378 significantly modulates NSCLC progression and angiogenesis.

Die Hämoxygenase 1 (HO-1) ist ein Stressprotein mit antientzündlichen, immunsupprimierenden und zytoprotektiven Eigenschaften, welche in vielen Tiermodellen nachgewiesen wurden. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sind wenig bekannt. Diese Arbeit demonstriert erstmalig, dass die physiologische Induktion von HO-1 wichtig für die Limitierung von T-Zell-abhängigen Hautentzündungen ist. So führt der HO-1-Inhibitor, Zinn-Protoporphyrin IX (Sn-PPIX), zu einer verstärkten Hautentzündung im Mausmodell. Die pharmakologische Induktion von HO-1 durch Kobalt-Protoporphyrin IX, Co-PPIX, hemmt dagegen die Entzündung in DNFB- bzw. TMA-induzierten murinen Kontaktallergiemodellen sowohl bei Verabreichung von Co-PPIX während der Sensibilisierung als auch vor der Auslösung. Bemerkenswerterweise hemmt eine Co-PPIX-Behandlung die Antigen-induzierte T-Zellproliferation ex vivo in Milzzellen von behandelten Mäusen und in vitro in humanen mononukleären Zellen des peripheren Blutes. Da eine HO-1-Induktion durch Co-PPIX nur in Monozyten und in aus Monozyten abgeleiteten myloischen Dendritischen Zellen (MDDC), nicht aber in T-Zellen, beobachtet wurde, fokussierten alle weiteren Untersuchungen auf Antigen-präsentierende Zellen. HO-1-Induktion durch Co-PPIX reduziert die Expression von MHC-Klasse II und akzessorischen Molekülen und steigert die Phagozytose und den oxidativen Burst von Monozyten. Die immunphänotypische Differenzierung und Maturierung von MDDC wird gehemmt. Funktionsteste zeigen eine Reduktion der Expression und Sekretion von proinflammatorischen und immunstimulatorischen Zytokinen, während die Sekretion des antientzündlichen Zytokins IL-10 gesteigert ist. Die Fähigkeit der MDDC zur Antigenpräsentation gegenüber T-Helferzellen ist für Allo- und Recallantigene stark herabgesetzt. Mittels adenoviraler HO-1-Transduktion von MDDC konnte die Spezifität der Effekte bestätigt werden. Diese Daten zeigen, dass eine verstärkte HO-1-Aktivität die Dendritischen Zellen zu einem unreifen und immunkompromittierten Phänotyp verändert und weisen darauf hin, dass die HO-1-Induktion einen wichtigen Ansatz für die Hemmung der zellulären Immunität und für die Behandlung von T-Zell-abhängigen Hautentzündungen darstellt. / Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an antiinflammatory stress protein. Its immunosuppressive and cytoprotective activities have been demonstrated in several animal models. The underlying mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. This study demonstrates for the first time that the physiological induction of HO-1 is important for the limitation and resolution of T cell-dependent skin inflammation. So, the HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin IX (Sn-PPIX), augments cutaneous inflammation in mouse model. Moreover, pharmacologic HO-1 induction by the potent HO-1 inducer, cobaltic protoporphyrin IX (Co-PPIX), inhibits inflammation when applied around sensitization or before challenge in murine DNFB- and TMA-induced contact hypersensitivity models. Remarkably, Co-PPIX treatment inhibits antigen-driven T cell proliferation both ex vivo in murine splenocytes and in vitro in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Since induction of HO-1 mRNA and protein was found in monocytes and monocyte-derived myeloid dendritic cells (MDDC) but not T cells, further investigations focused on antigen-presenting cells. HO-1 induction by Co-PPIX depresses monocytic MHC class II and accessory molecule expression whereas phagocytosis and respiratory burst activities are augmented. Moreover, HO-1 induction inhibits the immunophenotypic differentiation and maturation of MDDC. Functional analysis revealed a decreased proinflammatory cytokine production whereas secretion of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 is increased. Remarkably, the antigen-presenting capacity of MDDC for T-helper cells is diminished both for allo- and for recall-antigens. Adenoviral HO-1 transduction of MDDC confirmed that the effects are mediated by HO-1. These data indicate that an enhanced HO-1 activity switches myeloid DCs to an immature and functionally compromised phenotype and suggest that HO-1 induction represents an important approach for depressing T cell immunity and for the treatment of T cell-dependent skin inflammation.

De l’isolement des îlots pancréatiques à leur implantation, l’inflammation est omniprésente au cours de la transplantation d’îlots pancréatiques. Le maintien d’une inflammation contrôlée est essentiel pour préserver la survie et la fonctionnalité du greffon à court et long terme. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’identifier précisément les mécanismes inflammatoires à l’origine de la perte précoce des îlots et de déterminer des cibles thérapeutiques pour limiter ces réactions inflammatoires.Nous avons ainsi démontré que les conditions de culture induisent des réactions à l’origine du développement d’un phénotype pro-inflammatoire et pro-oxydant propre à l’îlot. Cette induction se caractérise par une élévation de la sécrétion de cytokines, de chimiokines pro-inflammatoires, une activation des voies de l’inflammation Toll-like récepteurs (TLRs)-dépendantes et une génération d’espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS). Toutefois, ce processus peut être prévenu par l’activation de l’Hème oxygénase-1 (HO-1), une enzyme anti-oxydante et anti-inflammatoire.Par l’étude des réactions inflammatoires sur un modèle animal de transplantation mimant les conditions de transplantation humaine, nous avons démontré qu’un changement des médiateurs plasmatiques de l’inflammation et du protéome hépatique s’opère 12 heures après transplantation. De plus, ces résultats sont associés à une infiltration des îlots par les cellules immunitaires qui s’organise 12 heures après transplantation. Nous avons également établi le rôle anti-inflammatoire de la rapamycine (une drogue immunomodulatrice) sur les îlots et les macrophages in vitro. Nous avons ainsi démontré que l’usage de la rapamycine avec la mise en place d’un pré-traitement des îlots et du receveur avant la greffe serait envisageable. Ces travaux ont permis de caractériser les mécanismes inflammatoires mis en oeuvre immédiatement avant et après transplantation. Ainsi, ces données offrent de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques susceptibles de prévenir et/ou limiter l’inflammation au cours de la transplantation d’îlots pancréatiques. / From isolation of pancreatic islets to their implantation, the inflammation is ubiquitous in the pancreatic islet transplantation. Maintaining a controlled inflammation is essential to preserve the survival of the graft and the functionality in the short and long term. The objective of this work is to identify precisely the inflammatory mechanisms behind the early loss of islets and identify therapeutic targets to reduce these inflammatory reactions. We have demonstrated that culture conditions induce reactions causing the development of a specific proinflammatory and pro-oxydant phenotype islet. This induction is characterized by an increase in the secretion of cytokines, chemokines pro-inflammatory activation pathways of inflammation Toll-like receptors (TLRs) -dependent and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, this process can be prevented by the activation of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory enzyme.By studying the inflammatory responses in an animal model of transplantation mimicking the conditions of human transplantation, we demonstrated that a change of plasma mediators of inflammation and liver proteome occurs 12 hours after transplantation. Furthermore, these results are associated with infiltration of the islets by immune cells which organizes 12 hours after transplantation. We also determined the anti-inflammatory role of rapamycin (an immunomodulatory drug) on the islets and macrophages in vitro. We have thus demonstrated that the use of rapamycin with the establishment of a pre-treatment of islets and recipient before transplantation could be considered. These studies have characterized the inflammatory mechanisms implemented immediately before and after transplantation. Thus, these data provide new therapeutic approaches that can prevent and / or reduce inflammation during pancreatic islet transplantation