This thesis examines Demosthenes’ rhetorical use of Athenian ideology in his deliberative speeches from 351-341 BCE. I argue that during this period of crisis, which is usually narrated in terms of conflict with Macedonia, Demosthenes confronts an internal crisis within the Assembly. While Demosthenes’ deliberative speeches have traditionally been defined as ‘Philippic’, this thesis argues that the speeches do not prioritise an ‘Anti- Macedonian’ agenda, but rather focus on confronting the corruption of the deliberative decision-making process. Due to an attitude of apathy and neglect, Demosthenes’ rhetoric suggests that their external problems are a direct product of this internal crisis, both of which are perpetuated by their failure to recognise how self-sabotaging practices undermine the polis from within. As he asserts in On the Chersonese and the Third Philippic, they cannot hope to deal with their external situation before they deal with their internal crisis. To address this, I argue that Demosthenes’ parrhēsia interweaves criticism of the dēmos with the praise of Athens, using social memory and past exempla both to recall and prescribe didactically the attitudes central to Athenian identity. As such, I propose that the deliberative speeches do not confront a ‘Macedonian Question’, but a fundamentally Athenian one.

This thesis explores the significance of political change, law, and rhetoric in imaginary cities that feature animals and women as ‘Others.’ It studies dramatic and philosophical texts, from Aeschylean tragedy, Aristophanic comedy, and Platonic dialogue in ancient Greece to modern works, including Thomas More’s Utopia in 16th-century England and the utopias and dystopias of the 20th-century, in order to offer a discourse between the ancient and modern world. I demonstrate that each of these texts can be compared on a rhetorical and jurisprudential level, which allows us to examine how different characters engage with different forms of power in a setting which at least begins by being democratic. This enables us to trace the development of this strand of Western political thought over the last two thousand years, and to confront intractable political problems that recur throughout time. This confrontation helps us understand patterns of legal reforms and rhetoric and demonstrates that the concerns of Aristophanes and Plato can also be found in modern paradigms. The recourse to the utopian and dystopian fantastic, the seemingly apolitical animal world, and the differently organised female sphere, offers new insight into the activities of law-making, city-planning, and rhetoric, both in antiquity and today.

The aim of this thesis is to examine Psycharis's Greek novels by focusing on his modes of writing and the ideas manifested in them. Psycharis saw his role as that of an intellectual aiming to reform Greek culture and he fought consistently for the establishment of the demotic - as he understood it as the language of literature. Yet his novels serve as a filter not only for his views on language and literature, but also for other social and philosophical issues of relevance to his time, and even to contemporary readers. I have defined three major areas for examination: the didacticism of the novels, expressed in the themes and in the narrative techniques employed by the author; the overall recurring cultural views presented in them, and the preoccupation with the importance of fiction, the role of literature and of the prose writer. The novels will be examined in chronological order and I shall address each of the three major areas explained above in turn, emphasising the most prominent one in each case. The objective of this thesis is to make Psycharis's Greek novels better known and to indicate the role that he played in the development of Modern Greek prose and culture.

This thesis offers the first full-length comparative study of George Seferis and Ezra Pound. The analysis begins by establishing, in the first chapter, a field of research by looking at the ways in which Pound was read, translated and received in Greece from 1935 onwards, and, in doing so, maps out the important Greek publications on Pound. Prominent among the discussed poets and translators, it is argued, Seferis showed a deeper affinity with Pound and developed a significantly similar modernist poetics at once singularly Greek and aligned with the Anglo-American example. This thesis, then, proceeds to elucidate the affinities between the two poets through a detailed comparative reading. The second chapter offers an in-depth analysis of the two poets’ views on translation theory and practice, building on Hugh Kenner’s concept of ‘touching distance’. The third chapter concentrates on the two poets’ responses to place in both their poetry and their travel writings, by problematising the conceptual ‘mobility’ of place at work in their writings. Through these explorations, this project offers insights on both poets individually and helps to broaden current understandings of their poetry and poetics comparatively, ultimately demonstrating that Seferis’ modernism, despite being articulated in Greek, was never far removed from high modernist poetics as represented by Pound.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-05-06T22:27:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_PreditoresDesnutricaoInfantil.pdf: 2746966 bytes, checksum: 10bfe2b6a01e5da4a734427bd878bb74 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-05-08T13:56:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_PreditoresDesnutricaoInfantil.pdf: 2746966 bytes, checksum: 10bfe2b6a01e5da4a734427bd878bb74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-08T13:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_PreditoresDesnutricaoInfantil.pdf: 2746966 bytes, checksum: 10bfe2b6a01e5da4a734427bd878bb74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Objetivo: Identificar os determinantes da desnutrição infantil em crianças menores de dois anos de idade em populações ribeirinhas do Pará. Métodos: Estudo transversal foi desenvolvido com 203 crianças residentes em quatro comunidades ribeirinhas: Aveiro (região Sudoeste), Barcarena (região Metropolitana), Cametá (região Nordeste) e Santarém (região do Baixo Amazonas) por meio de entrevista junto ao responsável pela criança. A variável dependente foi desnutrição, considerada presente para índice estatura para idade < -1 escores z de acordo com a referência atual da Organização Mundial da Saúde. As variáveis independentes foram características: de moradia, do chefe da família, da mãe da criança, do pré-natal, do padrão alimentar da família, do nascimento da criança, dos cuidados maternos e demográficos da criança. A prevalência da desnutrição foi calculada conforme indicadores básicos, subjacentes e imediatas, considerando-se a distância entre as variáveis que compõem os indicadores e o desfecho. Análise multinível foi realizada por regressão logística tendo em conta a hierarquia das relações entre os indicadores e a desnutrição, considerando-se p<0,005. Resultados: A prevalência de desnutrição atingiu 35,0 % das crianças estudadas, variando de 28,6% em Aveiro a 43,1% em Barcarena. As variáveis que se associaram com desnutrição foram baixo peso ao nascer e maior idade da criança. A idade da criança foi o preditor da desnutrição: a chance de uma criança entre 12 e 17 meses de idade apresentar desnutrição foi 3,4 vezes maior do que a de uma criança com menos de seis meses, aumentando em cinco vezes para as crianças entre 18 e 23 meses. Conclusão: Em populações ribeirinhas, a desnutrição em menores de dois anos mostra-se ainda como um grave problema de saúde pública, possivelmente pelo maior tempo de exposição aos fatores de risco ambientais. / Objective: To identify under nutrition’s determinants among children aged less than two years old, living close the rivers of Pará state (Brazil). Methods: Survey was conducted among 203 children form four river’s community: Aveiro (Southeast), Barcarena (Metropolitan), Cametá (Northeast) and Santarém (Low Amazon) by face to face interviews with the responsible for the child. The dependent variable was under nutrition, according to length to age less than -1 z-score following the recent World Health recommendation. Dependent variables were characteristics of household, family leader, child’s mother, pre-natal, family’s food pattern, child’s birth, mother’s care and child’s demography. The prevalence of under nutrition was calculated according to basic, intermediate and immediate indicators considering the distance between variables of the indicators and the outcome. Multilevel analysis was performed by logistic regression taking into account the hierarchy between indicators and under nutrition, according p<0.05. Results: The under nutrition prevalence reached 35.0% of the studied children, varying from 28.6% in Aveiro to 43.1% in Barcarena. The variables associated to under nutrition were low birth weight and aging. The child’s age was the under nutrition predictor: the likelihood of a child aged between 12 and 17 months old to present under nutrition was 3.4 times bigger than a child aged less than six months old, raising to five times for children aged between 18 and 23 months old. Conclusion: At river’s population, the under nutrition among children less than two years old still a severe health nutrition problem, probably because the long exposition time to the environmental risk factors.

Employing a methodological approach informed by sociological social constructionist theories of gender, I endeavour to explore representations of Spartan masculinity in the works of Xenophon Thucydides and Plato, to gain better understanding of portrayals and usages of ideologies of Spartan masculinity in Classical Athenian philosophical and historical works. I structure my project by focusing on seven categories which constructionists believe to be important to the formation of masculinity. My aim is to demonstrate the utility of this methodological framework for exploring historical masculinities and to contend that there is no singular representation of Spartan masculinity within Classical Athenian prose. Rather, representations of Spartan masculinity are complex and multifaceted, with authors constructing and employing different ideologies of Spartan masculinity situationally and for a variety of purposes, both internal and external to the texts. In chapter one, I examine Xenophon’s Spartan Constitution, demonstrating the role of masculine ideals in the “Lycurgan” system and suggesting Xenophon depicts Spartan masculinity as highly competitive and performative in nature. In chapter two, I examine Plato’s Laws and Republic, to demonstrate that Plato portrays Spartan masculine ideals as playing a prominent role in the imbalanced development of Spartan character. I also analyse Plato’s depiction of the auxiliary guardians to suggest that problematic elements he associates with Spartan men are unresolved, even within his idealised polis. In chapter three, I explore Thucydides’ History. I elucidate the role of masculine ideals in characterisations of Spartan individuals and the Spartan polis and argue that characters’ redefinition of Spartan masculine ideals is portrayed as politically useful in the text. Finally, in chapter four, I examine Xenophon’s historical works, focusing primarily on the Hellenica. I explore a number of episodes to demonstrate characters’ employment of masculine ideals for political purposes, to demonstrate correspondences between masculine ideals identified in the Lac. and Xenophon’s characterisations of Spartan individuals in the Hellenica and argue that hegemonic masculinity is observable in depictions of of Spartan societal processes and mechanisms.

This thesis will provide a sustained analysis of the relationship between the Rhetorica ad Herennium and its context in early first century BCE Rome. Over 250 examples in the Rhetorica ad Herennium illustrate the text’s rhetorical theory, but in so doing they also provide a significant insight into the history, law, and politics of this period. As I demonstrate, these examples show the preoccupations and perspectives of orators who were not necessarily from the political elite. They illustrate what could and could not be discussed in speech, and the modes of oratory that were encouraged by the author – popularis or not. The author’s focus on forensic oratory also has important implications for understanding the use of the law and legal knowledge. An important strand of this thesis is to compare the examples in the Rhetorica ad Herennium to those of Cicero’s contemporary De Inventione. Although the two texts have often been treated as a pair, there are differences between the two. The contrasts are noteworthy in themselves, but they also emphasise the independence of the author of the Rhetorica ad Herennium and the potential to adapt theories and approaches as necessary. This is also an educational text, and the way it is constructed relates closely to its audience. I argue that the post-Social War context of the Rhetorica ad Herennium is key to understanding this audience, who may include newly enfranchised Italians using the Roman legal system for the first time. By recontextualising the Rhetorica ad Herennium, it becomes clear that it is a very different text to the De Inventione in many ways. By highlighting these differences, I show that the work can stand alone as an object of enquiry and serve as a rich source for Roman Republican historians.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-07-15T13:27:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ProcessosComunicacionaisCajazeirinha.pdf: 108922495 bytes, checksum: 2492ca3f7e22a65849d528e64879a23e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-08-27T15:01:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ProcessosComunicacionaisCajazeirinha.pdf: 108922495 bytes, checksum: 2492ca3f7e22a65849d528e64879a23e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-27T15:01:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ProcessosComunicacionaisCajazeirinha.pdf: 108922495 bytes, checksum: 2492ca3f7e22a65849d528e64879a23e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa aborda processos comunicacionais em uma comunidade amazônica, denominada Cajazeirinha, situada no Lago da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí, no estado do Pará. O objetivo central da investigação foi identificar e analisar os processos comunicacionais das crianças no cotidiano da Cajazeirinha. Esta comunidade tem a especificidade de localizar-se a poucos metros da usina hidrelétrica e, contraditoriamente, não ter acesso ao fornecimento de energia elétrica, o que faz com que a população busque fontes alternativas de eletricidade (bateria de carro, placa solar ou gerador) para, entre outras coisas, utilizar meios de comunicação, como a televisão, o rádio e o celular. Inicialmente, partiu-se do pressuposto de que, para se analisar a comunicação de uma comunidade ou grupo de pessoas é necessário compreender o seu campo de ação e sua constituição, e então observar a realidade de maneira contextualizada, não dissociada no tempo e no espaço. Assim, procurou-se compreender os processos comunicacionais da comunidade, baseando-se nos conceitos teóricos de processos comunicativos de Vera França, processos comunicacionais de José Luiz Braga, no conceito de mediações de Jesús Martín-Barbero e nas bases teóricas dos Estudos de Recepção Latino Americano, a partir das autoras Ana Carolina Escosteguy e Nilda Jacks, além da noção de interação social, de John Thompson. O caminho metodológico trilhado tem como perspectiva a pesquisa exploratória com análise de dados qualitativos, a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas, de entrevistas em profundidade (com crianças, mães e formadores de opinião), da observação não participante sistemática e do diário de campo. O intuito foi identificar e analisar os processos comunicacionais da comunidade Cajazeirinha e mapear os meios de comunicação massivos existentes em Tucuruí e nas ilhas dessa comunidade. Nessa pesquisa, verificou-se que na Cajazeirinha os processos comunicacionais são constituídos a partir de mediações socioculturais, com destaque para a família, a igreja e a escola. Também foram observadas as interações comunicacionais que ocorrem em momentos de lazer e a presença dos meios de comunicação no cotidiano da comunidade, principalmente no que concerne a conteúdos como telenovelas, telejornais e desenhos animados. Por fim, verificou-se que os modos de recepção na Cajazeirinha são permeados por características espaço-temporais locais, por conta do ritmo do rio que determina a vida da comunidade. / This research talks about the communicational processes in an Amazon community, called Cajazeirinha, located in the Lake of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Station, in the state of Pará. The main purpose of the investigation was to identify and analyze the communicational processes of the children from Cajazeirinha daily. This community has the specificity of locating in a few meters from the Hydroelectric Power Station and, contradictorily, not accessing the electrical energy supply, what makes with the population search for alternative sources of electricity (car battery, solar board or generator) to, among other things, using the broadcasting, such as the television, the radio and the cell phone. Initially, it started with the assumption that, to analyze the communication of a community or a group of people is necessary to understand its playing field and its constitution, and then observe the reality in a contextualized way, not dissociated in time and space. So, it was sought to understand the communicational processes of community, basing in the theoretical concepts of communicational processes from Vera França, communicational processes from José Luiz Braga, in the concept around Jesús Martín-Barbero and in the theoretical basis of the Studies of Latin-American Reception, from the authors Ana Carolina Escosteguy and Nilda Jacks, besides the notion of social interaction, from John Thompson. The methodological way treaded has as a perspective the exploratory research with qualitative data analysis, from bibliographical researches, deep interviews (with children, mothers and trendsetter of opinion), observation not systematic participant and field diary. The purpose was to identify and analyze the communicational processes of the community Cajazeirinha and map the existent broadcasting in Tucuruí and in the islands of this community. In this research, it was verified that in Cajazeirinha the communicational processes are constituted from the sociocultural mediations, highlighting the family, the church and the school. The communicational interactions were also observed, those that occur in leisure moments and the presence of broadcasting in the daily community, mainly in that involves contents such as soap operas, television news and cartoons. Finally, it was verified that hte ways of reception in Cajazeirinha are permeated by characteristics space-temporal-places, because of the rythm of the river that determines the life of the community.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-02-26T16:31:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_AtravessandoFronteirasViagem.pdf: 1900135 bytes, checksum: 31d4d676e560d8af786b8dc44d2f15a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-05-05T16:35:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_AtravessandoFronteirasViagem.pdf: 1900135 bytes, checksum: 31d4d676e560d8af786b8dc44d2f15a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-05T16:35:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_AtravessandoFronteirasViagem.pdf: 1900135 bytes, checksum: 31d4d676e560d8af786b8dc44d2f15a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Esta tese possui como tema o estudo da saúde tradicional, traz a proposta de pesquisar os saberes e práticas dos profissionais de saúde tradicional que utilizam técnicas corporais para tratar perturbações e desconfortos restabelecendo a saúde aos atendidos. Trabalho de campo foi realizado no distrito de Icoaraci na cidade de Belém e na localidade de Chipaiá, no município de Cachoeira do Arari, o qual faz parte do arquipélago do Marajó. Apresenta como objeto de estudo a construção social da prática do profissional de saúde tradicional, como elemento mágico-simbólico e social de saúde nas regiões trabalhadas. Foram selecionados oito profissionais de saúde tradicionais, quatro em cada localidade. Por meio de observações e entrevistas abertas o estudo busca aprofundar a medida curativa conhecida como “puxação”, prática pertencente ao Sistema Tradicional de Ação para a Saúde (STAS), discutindo as concepções que dizem respeito a crenças, mitos e representações simbólicas utilizadas para a construção do saber tradicional; a forma que são realizados os ritos e como tais práticas levam à construção social do profissional de saúde tradicional; as concepções de saúde e doença na concepção do STAS; e a relação das práticas de cura com o sistema social. A análise também aborda a inter-relação dos ritos: puxação da mãe-do-corpo e puxação de barriga-cheia como exemplos de práticas singulares do STAS, sua importância na atenção à saúde da mulher e reflexo gerado no Sistema Ocidental de Ação para Saúde (SOAS). / The work aims at traditional health and proposes the research of knowledge and practice of traditional healthcare practitioners who apply body techniques to heal those who seek help. Conducted in two separate locations – Icoaraci District in Belém Metropolitan Area and in Chipaiá village in Cachoeira do Arari municipality in Marajó Island, both in the Brazilian Amazon – study explores the social construction of traditional healthcare practices as symbolic-magic and social element. Research methods involved observation and open interviews of/with eight different practitioners, four in each location, to understand and deepen knowledge on a popular massage practice named “puxação” which belongs to the Traditional Healthcare System (STAS). Study discusses concepts of creed, myth and symbolic representation in traditional knowledge; the way rituals are conducted and how such practices contribute to the social construction of traditional health practitioners; concepts of health and disease according to STAS understanding; the relationship between healing practices and the social system. Analysis also presents the interrelation between two different rituals Alma Mater massage in Portuguese, “puxação-da-mãe-do-corpo“ and Pregnant Massage “puxação de barriga-cheia” unique STAS practices, their importance for women´s health as well as their influence on the Western Healthcare System (SOAS).

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-02-27T15:46:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_DiscursosConflitoDiferentes.pdf: 1088966 bytes, checksum: 850180c0774bc67945bf051458a1f022 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-05-06T14:20:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_DiscursosConflitoDiferentes.pdf: 1088966 bytes, checksum: 850180c0774bc67945bf051458a1f022 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-06T14:20:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_DiscursosConflitoDiferentes.pdf: 1088966 bytes, checksum: 850180c0774bc67945bf051458a1f022 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A tese teve como objetivo analisar a atuação e os discursos dos diversos agentes mediadores de entidades não-governamentais envolvidos com as causas e a defesa dos movimentos, na luta pela terra, no estado do Pará. Os fundamentos que sustentam a análise pertencem à análise do discurso da linha francesa. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativo-descritiva. A entrevista e questionário serviram de instrumentos para a produção de dados. Os resultados indicam que há nos diversos discursos e atuações um enfoque na luta por direitos à terra, créditos, justiça e contestação da ordem social vigente. Por isso, as lutas dos movimentos no campo têm caráter político, lutam por direitos coletivos e uma proposta política alternativa para a sociedade. Conclui-se que existem litígios discursivos convergentes, dos mediadores quanto à luta e à garantia de direitos ao acesso à terra, aos movimentos e de conflitos frente a políticas do Estado na Amazônia. Tem-se discursos “contestadores” de natureza positiva acerca da relevância da luta como estratégia de sustentação dos mesmos no conflito agrário paraense, como “moeda” de troca frente a seus oponentes. E estabelece a possibilidade de realização de políticas públicas em áreas esquecidas pelo poder público ou de criminalização das lutas. / The thesis was based to analyze the actions and speech of the various mediating agents of non-various government departments involved with the defense of causes and social movements struggling for land in the States of Pará. The grounds underpinning the analysis of speech analysis belong to the French line. The survey is a qualitative-descriptive kind. The interview questionnaire served as an instrument for the production of data. The results indicated that there were various speeches and performances focused upon the dispute for land rights, claims, justice and challenge to social order. Consequently, the social movements’ struggles and conflicts against the state policy in the Amazon Region have increased. There has been positive activist discussions over the struggle as a strategy to agrarian sustain over the relevance conflict in Pará, used as an outcome to its opponents. It also establishes the possibility of carrying out public policies in remote areas neglected by the government as well as the criminalizing of conflicts.