This study aims to examine how students who are studying social work are experiencing the combination of full time studies and a part-time job in a human service organization. Furthermore, the aim of this study is also to examine how these students consider legitimacy and the rule of law in relation to their part-time job. To answer this study, we put the focus on students who are studying their sixth or seventh semester in social work at Linnaeus University in Sweden where some students are combining full time studies with a part-time job in a human service organization. In total, nine students with this combination where interviewed in this study, all with different part-time jobs. The outcomes of this study show that students who are studying social work and working part-time are working for different reasons. Some of them say that they work for extra money, and some of them would like to get work experience. The students in this study think that this combination goes well and that they can relate practice from work into their theory in school and vise versa. Some of the students in this study have not thought about legitimacy in relation to their work, which we think is interesting. However, all of the students had thought about the rule of law in relation to their work. What is interesting to us is that we also learned that the students think that they can implement good work even though they have not thought about legitimacy that much.

「部分工時工作」被視為是平衡婦女工作-家庭的策略之一。我國政府亦有意透過提倡部分工時工作來提升女性勞動參與率。在此一政策思維下，需更進一步探討，影響我國婦女選擇部分工時工作的因素為何？再者，部分工時工作是否能夠真正「促進」婦女就業？抑或是形成婦女就業的「陷阱」？ Hakim的偏好理論認為，現今婦女已經可以依據個人的自由意願選擇工作；且選擇從事部分工時工作的婦女，其偏好扮演家中照顧者的角色，對工作並無投入的熱忱。本研究發現，Hakim所稱的“home-centered”婦女，依據其所擁有的社會環境資源不同，會影響其執行個人偏好的能力，而使其工作-家庭傾向呈現異質性。且“home-centered”婦女大多並不認同傳統的家務角色，性別分工通常是在環境限制因素與父權體制下所形成。 我國現有的部分工時工作，大多缺乏工時彈性與勞動條件的平等待遇。在婦女教育程度普遍提升下，低就業品質的部分工時工作，不但無法滿足我國婦女的工作需求，亦可能使婦女落入低度就業的情形。政府應移除部分工時制度中的性別觀念，尊重勞工「個人」的工作與家庭需求，避免在性別迷思中，使部分工時工作成為女性就業的「陷阱」。 / “Part-time Job” has been seen as a solution for women to find a balance between their work and family. Government also wants to increase the labor participant rate of women by promoting them with part-time jobs. However, we need to figure out that what factors cause women to choose part-time job, and does part-time job really “improve” women’s employment or becomes an employment “trap” for them? Hakim’s “Preference Theory” refers that women could choose their works as their wills nowadays, and who choose part-time jobs prefer to play the role of “home” and lack of passion for work. This research finds out that women who Hakim called “home-centered” have heterogeneity with their work-home orientations. The ability to execute one’s preference depends on one’s possession of social resources, and “home-centered” do not identify themselves with the traditional “home role” for women. The gender division usually formed under the limitation in society and patriarchy. Most part of part-time jobs in Taiwan are inflexible in working hours and unequal labor standards. With the trend that women with higher education, the low employment quality of part-time jobs could not fulfill their expectations for work or they would get into underemployment situation. Government should remove the gender concept in promoting part-time work and consider the “personal” work-family needs to avoid part-time job becoming an employment trap for women under the myth of gender.

This diploma paper concerns the theme flexibility of the Czech labour market. Concretely it focuses on one of the rigidity which influences the labor market flexibility and it is the labour law. Directly usage of part-time jobs is covered. Netherlandish economy is used for the comparison with Czech economy as in the Netherlands part-time jobs are used very often. The aim of this paper is to answer the question, whether the increased incidence of part-time jobs is useful for the economy. After confirming this hypothesis the paper concentrates on usage of part-time jobs among specific group of workers. This group is represented by women who are taking care of small children. Statistical data from OECD, method of correlation coefficient and comparison of economic indicators were used for the analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGSSF.pdf: 1035895 bytes, checksum: 882aef866312820dbad686032d197c80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-22 / With the changes in the work organization and the emergence of the flexible production system, especially from the 80`s, new work arrangements have appeared. One of them is the reduced hours working day in which one works a total of weekly hours smaller than the standard. Parallel to this phenomenon, the female participation in the market place has increased more noticeably from the 70`s and the conflicts between work and family have become more frequent. The reduced hours employment is pointed by some researchers as potentially favourable to the conciliation between work and family. Other researchers about the reduced hours job think it is disadvantageous to the workers because it is not their choice and it results in salary, benefit and career losses. Due to these controversies and because there isn t much research about it in Brazil, we aim to study the impact of the reduced hours work in the banks since it works with thirty-hour working day. For this reason, union trade representatives and bank workers who were employed in the countryside of São Paulo`s state were interviewed based on semi-structured outlines. Some information were collected from the RAIS (Annual List of Social Information) data base considering the period of 1994 to 2002. We found out that on the one hand the thirty-hour working day helps the bank workers to have more free time for their personal/ family activities, but most of times they don t work in this scheme by own choice and end up dealing with salary losses, less development opportunities, limited professional rise and less time to develop their activities. These aspects can limit the potential advantages of this kind of employment to the balance between work and family. We also noticed that the percentage of bank workers on thirty-hour working days in Brazil and São Paulos`s state has been decreasing and there is the predominance of women in this kind of job. Still the salary losses have been sharper for bank workers on thirty-hour working days and to the women. / Com as mudanças na organização do trabalho frente à emergência do sistema de produção flexível, especialmente a partir da década de 80, vêm se expandindo novos arranjos de trabalho, como por exemplo o trabalho de horas reduzidas, em que o número de horas trabalhadas por semana é menor que o padrão. Ao mesmo tempo, a participação feminina no mercado de trabalho se intensifica, sobretudo a partir da década de 70; por conseguinte, os conflitos entre trabalho e família tornam-se cada vez mais freqüentes. O trabalho de horas reduzidas é apontado, por alguns estudiosos, como potencialmente favorável à conciliação entre trabalho e família e, por outros, como desvantajoso para o funcionário, tanto pela imposição de horários quanto pelos prejuízos salariais, no que diz respeito aos benefícios e à ascensão na carreira. Devido a essas controvérsias e ao fato de existirem poucos estudos sobre o assunto no Brasil, objetiva-se estudar o impacto do trabalho de horas reduzidas no setor bancário, que apresenta a jornada de 30 horas semanais. Para isso, foram entrevistados, a partir de roteiros de entrevista semi-estruturados, representantes sindicais e bancários que trabalhavam no interior do estado de São Paulo. Também foram coletadas informações junto à base de dados da RAIS (Relação Anual de Informações Sociais) referentes à evolução no quadro de bancários, faixas salariais e jornada no estado de São Paulo e Brasil, considerando o período de 1994 a 2002. Encontrou-se que, por um lado, a jornada de 30 horas colabora para o bancário ter maior tempo livre para as atividades pessoais/familiares, mas, na maioria das vezes, ele é submetido a esse regime de trabalho sem possibilidade de escolha e acaba enfrentando alguns prejuízos em termos salariais, menores oportunidades de desenvolvimento, ascensão profissional limitada e menos tempo para desenvolver suas atividades, o que pode restringir as potenciais vantagens desta jornada para o equilíbrio trabalho e família. Notou-se, também, que tem ocorrido um decréscimo na porcentagem de bancários em jornada de 30 horas no Brasil e no estado de São Paulo, assim como uma predominância de mulheres nesta jornada, com perdas salariais mais acentuadas. Palavras-chave: Trabalho de horas reduzidas. Trabalho em tempo parcial. Equilíbrio trabalho e família. Setor bancário. Bancários. Jornada de Trabalho. Condições de Trabalho.

The human resources field has changed and the responsibility for employability has been transferred to the individual himself. In this study, we have been interested in the extent to which individuals with a HR-degree from Örebro University have an employment in the field of competence after graduation and if we could identify what have affected their employment. Previous research in the field of employment gives us various factors that have been reported to affect an individual's opportunity for employment. In our study, we have verified whether these factors remain for the HR-students with a degree from Örebro University or if they disappear. Through a survey, we found that two-thirds of the respondents had employment in the area of expertise. We also detected that part-time job in the area of expertise and gender had a positive impact on employment within the area of expertise. The remaining factors had a negative impact. / Personalvetaryrket har förändrats och ansvaret över anställningsbarheten har förflyttats till individen själv. I denna studie har vi intresserat oss för i vilken grad individer med en personalvetarutbildning från Örebro universitet har en anställning inom kompetensområdet efter examen samt vad som kan påverka dess anställning. Den tidigare forskningen inom ämnet anställning ger oss olika faktorer som har redovisats påverka en individs möjlighet till anställning. I vår studie har vi kontrollerat om dessa faktorers påverkan kvarstår för personalvetarstudenterna med en examen från Örebro universitet. Genom en enkätstudie fann vi att två tredjedelar av respondenterna hade en anställning inom kompetensområdet. Vi fann även att extraarbete inom kompetensområdet och kön har en positiv påverkan på anställningen inom kompetensområdet. Resterande faktorer hade en negativ påverkan.