This dissertation explores congregational participation in worship services in the discipline of “Building up the local Church”. The research indicates the levels of participation within worship services of 98 respondents. I have felt that the low levels of participation (43 % of the respondents reported no active congregational participation and in 93% of the indicated the congregation were involved in two or less areas of the worship service) contribute to the practice of nominal Christianity. The congregation view themselves as the ‘Audience’(passive participants) at worship rather that the ‘Actors’ (active participants). The hypothesis is that ministers have centralized themselves specifically in worship and this has and is contributing towards the ‘nominal Christian’ problem experienced by the Church presently. Secondly, that a strategically planned and instituted process with the aim of involving all attendee’s at worship will facilitate active participation (the congregation become the ‘actors’ in and during the intercessory prayer time) and in so doing build up the local church. The Thesis sadly also points out that, ministers fundamental beliefs seem to have little or no influence on there practices. Of the ministers interviewed some indicated there primary task as that of ‘equipping the body of Christ’ yet those who held to that tenet had no significant levels of congregational involvement during worship. The research also shows that regardless of fundamental belief where ministers serve more than one congregation there is a 300% more congregational involvement during worship. The thesis then focuses on the roles of intercessory prayer in worship as a vehicle for getting ministry into the hands of the congregation. Interviews have been conducted and stories recorded as to the effectiveness of this process. I was particularly encouraged that the ‘sticky prayer’ as it became know took the ministry in some cases into the work place and created opportunities for ministry with in the worlds of the respondent. Beyond this it also sends a message to the world at large of the church as being faithful to God (expressed in prayer) and serving the world (those for whom we pray). / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

The increased competition among charity sport events (CSEs) require charity organizations to utilize more sophisticated marketing programs - segmenting and targeting diverse participants more effectively. The study examines the effectiveness of demographic, psychographic, behavioral segmentation variables. In-depths interviews with 14 participants were conducted to obtain profiles of the four segments of survivor-centered teams, family and friends, company-sponsored teams, and other organization teams. The distinct profile of each segment had a combination of psychological, behavioral and demographic characteristics. Participation mode was identified as a proxy segmentation variable that can be easily obtained by event organizers at the time of participant registration Management of participant segments was discussed. / text

This diploma thesis brings theory, current knowledge and empirical analysis. It focuses on the methamphetamine market in the Czech Republic. In its theoretical part it follows individual schools of Economics with focus on the differences in expected behavior of the participants in the illegal market. The research is primarily oriented on finding the effects of the enforced prohibition on users, producers and sellers of pervitin. The main benefit of the diploma is the definition of as yet not published specifics about not only the whole segment, but also the comparison of characteristics of both an open and closed pervitin scene, where surprisingly there exists not only a difference in the quality of the product but also in the approach of sellers to customers. From a comparison with the heroin market one can see a trend of mutual exchanges of pervetin for heroin and also differences in competitive environments. The result of the economic analysis is the filling of gaps in the current understanding and elicitation of conclusions, which are compared to the economical studies and official overviews of the Czech drugs market.

O presente trabalho investigou o efeito de uma história de cooperação sobre a escolha de um participante em cooperar ou trabalhar individualmente, na presença e ausência de custos. Os participantes trabalharam em um computador em uma tarefa para dois participantes, sendo que o computador simulava o desempenho do segundo participante. A cada tentativa, cada participante deveria escolher entre um cartão azul e um verde e a combinação de escolhas definia ganhos iguais ou desiguais para os participantes. Em função dos ganhos, uma resposta cooperativa foi definida como o participante escolher o cartão azul, uma resposta individual foi definida como o participante escolher o cartão verde. Isso porque o uso do cartão azul possibilitava que um dos participantes ganhasse mais em relação a uma matriz de ganhos menores, mas iguais. Os participantes foram expostos a cinco fases: Fase de Equidade, Fase de Iniquidade Favorável sem Custos, Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável sem Custos, Fase de Iniquidade Favorável com Custos e Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável sem Custos. O computador escolheu o cartão azul em todas as rodadas e fases do estudo e a escolha do cartão verde produzia 20 pontos para o Participante e para o computador em todas as fases do estudo. Na Fase de Equidade (10 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 100 pontos para o participante e para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Favorável sem Custos (16 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 100 pontos para o participante e 20 para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável sem Custos (16 ou 32 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 20 pontos para o participante e 100 para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Favorável com Custos (16 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 100 pontos para o participante e 10 para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável com Custos (16 ou 32 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 10 pontos para o participante e 100 para o computador. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, que diferiam quanto a ordem em que foram expostos ao custo. Nos dois grupos, a ultima fase do estudo tinha o dobro de rodadas das demais do estudo. Os resultados indicam que o efeito do custo variou entre participantes e também dependeu da ordem em que ele era introduzido: quanto mais cedo o custo foi introduzido, maior foi efeito em diminuir a escolha pelo cartão azul (cooperar). Os resultados também mostram sinais claros de aversão a iniquidade favorável e desfavorável. Alguns participantes produzem consistentemente a iniquidade desfavorável, o que desafia modelos formais de aversão a iniquidade / The present study investigated the effect of a history of cooperation on the choice of a participant in cooperating or working individually, in the presence and absence of costs. Participants worked on one computer in a two-person task, with the computer simulating the performance of the second participant. At each try, each participant should choose between a blue and a green card and the combination of choices defined equal or unequal gains for participants. Due to gains, a cooperative response was defined as the participant choosing the blue card, an individual response was defined as the participant choosing the green card. This was because the use of the blue card enabled one of the participants to earn more against an array of smaller but equal gains. Participants were exposed to five phases: Fairness Phase, Favorable Iniquity Phase without Costs, Unfavorable Iniquity Phase without Costs, Favorable Iniquity Phase with Costs and Unfavorable Iniquity Phase without Costs. The computer chose the blue card in all rounds and phases of the study and the choice of the green card produced 20 points for the Participant and the computer in all phases of the study. In the Fairness Phase (10 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 100 points for the participant and for the computer. In the Favorable Iniquity Phase without Costs (16 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 100 points for the participant and 20 points for the computer. In the Unfavorable Iniquity Phase without Costs (16 or 32 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 20 points for the participant and 100 points for the computer. In Favorable Iniquity Phase with Costs (16 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 100 points for the participant and 10 points for the computer. In the Unfavorable Iniquity Phase with Costs (16 or 32 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 10 points for the participant and 100 points for the computer. Participants were divided into two groups, which differed in the order in which they were exposed to cost. In both groups, the last phase of the study had twice as many rounds as the rest of the study. The results indicate that the effect of cost varied between participants and also depended on the order in which it was introduced: the earlier the cost was introduced, the greater the effect was to decrease the choice by the blue card (cooperate). The results also show clear signs of aversion to favorable and unfavorable iniquity. Some participants consistently produce unfavorable iniquity, which challenges formal models of aversion to iniquity

O movimento de Reforma Psiquiátrica trouxe a necessidade de reestruturar os serviços de assistência em saúde mental e para tal a avaliação torna-se prioritária para prestar uma assistência integral e humanizada. Diante desse contexto e considerando que a população brasileira é constituída em sua maioria por negros (pretos e pardos), é fundamental que todas as pesquisas em saúde tenham um recorte racial, a começar pela inserção do quesito raça cor. Desta forma identificando o perfil e as peculiaridades dessa população, garantindo assim a qualidade da assistência com a utilização dos dados encontrados no processo de avaliação. Estudo de caráter descritivo, exploratório e transversal, teve como objetivo: comparar variáveis sociodemográficas relacionadas ao cuidado recebido dos usuários atendidos em CAPSad nos estados AP, MG e SP quanto ao quesito raça/cor. Foram entrevistados 707 usuários atendidos em CAPSad nos estados AP, MG e SP Para o presente estudo foram utilizados: os seguintes instrumentos um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, a Escala de Satisfação SATIS-BR e a Escala de Avaliação da Percepção de Mudança (EMP). Este estudo constatou as seguintes características de variáveis sociodemográficas: predominância da população masculina (57,3%), que se autodeclararam negros (59,4%), solteiros (59,0%), com faixa etária média de 44 anos, sendo o emprego a principal fonte de renda (31,7%) e com renda familiar de até 2 salários mínimos (71,1%). Quanto à escolaridade, apesar de 94,3% saberem ler, a maioria (38,8%) tinham apenas o ensino fundamental incompleto, e somente 5,1% da amostra deste estudo apresentavam nível superior completo ou acima. Os resultados apontaram que sobre o tempo de permanência no serviço os não negros tem 1,7 mais chances de ficarem mais de 6 meses no CAPSad que os negros, controlado os efeitos de alfabetização, escolaridade e renda. Sobre internação os não negros tem 1,6 mais chances de terem sido internados antes do tratamento no CAPS ad que os negros, controlado os efeitos de alfabetização, escolaridade e renda, sobre a visita domiciliar os negros tem 2,4 mais chances de receberem visita que os não negros, controlados os efeitos de alfabetização, escolaridade e renda. Identificou também que negros e não negros estão igualmente satisfeitos e com a mesma percepção de mudança. / The psychiatric reform movement resulted in the restructuring process of metal health services, which aims to provide integral and humanized assistance, prioritizing the evaluation. Given this context and considering that the population in Brazil is made up mostly of black and pardo people, it is essential that every health research consider all the racial aspects, starting with race color. Therefore, it is possible to identify the profile and peculiarities of a certain population, guaranteeing the quality of assistance services offered through the data obtained in the evaluation process. The study made with descriptive, explanatory and transversal aspects, had as a goal to compare sociodemographic variants related to the care offered to the user of Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad), in the states of Amapa (AP), Minas Gerais (MG) and Sao Paulo (SP), considering race/color. 707 users of CAPSad were interviewed in the states of AP, MG and SP. In the study the following instruments were used: a socio demographic questionnaire, the Satisfaction Scale (SATIS-BR), the Scale of Perceived Change (EMP). The sociodemographic variants were characterized by: a larger male population (57,3%), which (59,4%) is self-denominated black, (59,0%) single, with the majority being in the 44 years old range, with the job as main source of income (31,7%), and with a family income equivalent to two times the value of the Brazilian minimum wage (71,1%). As for schooling, while 94,3% can read, the majority (38,8%) didnt complete their basic education, and only 5,1% graduated from college. The results revealed that 1,7 of non-black participants are more likely to be more than 6 months in the CAPSad than the black participants, where the effects of literacy, schooling and income are under control. About hospitalization, non-black participants have 1,6 more chances of being hospitalized before the treatment at the CAPSad than the black participants, where the effects of literacy, schooling and income are under control. About homecare visits (VD), the black participants have 2,4 more change to receive VD than the non-black participants, where the effects of literacy, schooling and income are under control. It was determined that black participants and non-black participants are equally satisfied and have the same perception of change.

O presente trabalho investigou o efeito de uma história de cooperação sobre a escolha de um participante em cooperar ou trabalhar individualmente, na presença e ausência de custos. Os participantes trabalharam em um computador em uma tarefa para dois participantes, sendo que o computador simulava o desempenho do segundo participante. A cada tentativa, cada participante deveria escolher entre um cartão azul e um verde e a combinação de escolhas definia ganhos iguais ou desiguais para os participantes. Em função dos ganhos, uma resposta cooperativa foi definida como o participante escolher o cartão azul, uma resposta individual foi definida como o participante escolher o cartão verde. Isso porque o uso do cartão azul possibilitava que um dos participantes ganhasse mais em relação a uma matriz de ganhos menores, mas iguais. Os participantes foram expostos a cinco fases: Fase de Equidade, Fase de Iniquidade Favorável sem Custos, Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável sem Custos, Fase de Iniquidade Favorável com Custos e Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável sem Custos. O computador escolheu o cartão azul em todas as rodadas e fases do estudo e a escolha do cartão verde produzia 20 pontos para o Participante e para o computador em todas as fases do estudo. Na Fase de Equidade (10 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 100 pontos para o participante e para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Favorável sem Custos (16 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 100 pontos para o participante e 20 para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável sem Custos (16 ou 32 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 20 pontos para o participante e 100 para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Favorável com Custos (16 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 100 pontos para o participante e 10 para o computador. Na Fase de Iniquidade Desfavorável com Custos (16 ou 32 rodadas) a escolha pelo cartão azul produzia 10 pontos para o participante e 100 para o computador. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, que diferiam quanto a ordem em que foram expostos ao custo. Nos dois grupos, a ultima fase do estudo tinha o dobro de rodadas das demais do estudo. Os resultados indicam que o efeito do custo variou entre participantes e também dependeu da ordem em que ele era introduzido: quanto mais cedo o custo foi introduzido, maior foi efeito em diminuir a escolha pelo cartão azul (cooperar). Os resultados também mostram sinais claros de aversão a iniquidade favorável e desfavorável. Alguns participantes produzem consistentemente a iniquidade desfavorável, o que desafia modelos formais de aversão a iniquidade / The present study investigated the effect of a history of cooperation on the choice of a participant in cooperating or working individually, in the presence and absence of costs. Participants worked on one computer in a two-person task, with the computer simulating the performance of the second participant. At each try, each participant should choose between a blue and a green card and the combination of choices defined equal or unequal gains for participants. Due to gains, a cooperative response was defined as the participant choosing the blue card, an individual response was defined as the participant choosing the green card. This was because the use of the blue card enabled one of the participants to earn more against an array of smaller but equal gains. Participants were exposed to five phases: Fairness Phase, Favorable Iniquity Phase without Costs, Unfavorable Iniquity Phase without Costs, Favorable Iniquity Phase with Costs and Unfavorable Iniquity Phase without Costs. The computer chose the blue card in all rounds and phases of the study and the choice of the green card produced 20 points for the Participant and the computer in all phases of the study. In the Fairness Phase (10 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 100 points for the participant and for the computer. In the Favorable Iniquity Phase without Costs (16 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 100 points for the participant and 20 points for the computer. In the Unfavorable Iniquity Phase without Costs (16 or 32 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 20 points for the participant and 100 points for the computer. In Favorable Iniquity Phase with Costs (16 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 100 points for the participant and 10 points for the computer. In the Unfavorable Iniquity Phase with Costs (16 or 32 rounds) the choice for the blue card produced 10 points for the participant and 100 points for the computer. Participants were divided into two groups, which differed in the order in which they were exposed to cost. In both groups, the last phase of the study had twice as many rounds as the rest of the study. The results indicate that the effect of cost varied between participants and also depended on the order in which it was introduced: the earlier the cost was introduced, the greater the effect was to decrease the choice by the blue card (cooperate). The results also show clear signs of aversion to favorable and unfavorable iniquity. Some participants consistently produce unfavorable iniquity, which challenges formal models of aversion to iniquity

With focal point on the national directions, created by Länsstyrelsen (Swedish county administration) in cooperation with National Method support against Trafficking (NMT), this paper aims to depict the phenomena trafficking and also portray the concurrent counteracting against trafficking in Sweden that authorities exert. All involved participants in this mechanism have their particular remit and their ability to interact is hence of utmost significance. In order to fully comprehend and be able to analyze these unified operative execution-elements and processes in Sweden we also have to understand what is proceeding in the international arena. The organized crime-combine is not restrained by boundaries and continuously develop and refine methods in sexual trafficking, that has grown into an expanding multibillion industry. International counteracting is consequently a worldwide existing matter of utmost interest. Therefore we will also, in our report, present international machines such as International Organization for Migration (IOM). In regard to the proceedings in the international arena, concerning empirical and methodical techniques and information of research findings, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) occupies the leading place in the analysis. The main focus, the cornerstone of this paper, is an inquiry into the formerly relatively unknown and unexplored aspects of what happens to individuals who have been subjected to sexual trafficking in Sweden after governmental intervention implicating forced re-allocation to the country-of-origin. There is an essential need for permanent structures for rehabilitation, acceptable socio-economic standard and effective methods to prevent victims of crime to be exposed to reoccurring exploitation. The basis for the analysis has been an organizational theory of society. This has been the foundation also for the understanding of collaboration between different actors and has accordingly given insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the mechanism of interaction.

Cette thèse traite de la modélisation, l'illumination et le rendu temps-réel de milieux participants à l'aide du GPU. Dans une première partie, nous commençons par développer une méthode de rendu de nappes de brouillard hétérogènes pour des scènes en extérieur. Le brouillard est modélisé horizontalement dans une base 2D de fonctions de Haar ou de fonctions B-Spline linéaires ou quadratiques, dont les coefficients peuvent être chargés depuis une textit{fogmap}, soit une carte de densité en niveaux de gris. Afin de donner au brouillard son épaisseur verticale, celui-ci est doté d'un coefficient d'atténuation en fonction de l'altitude, utilisé pour paramétrer la rapidité avec laquelle la densité diminue avec la distance au milieu selon l'axe Y. Afin de préparer le rendu temps-réel, nous appliquons une transformée en ondelettes sur la carte de densité du brouillard, afin d'en extraire une approximation grossière (base de fonctions B-Spline) et une série de couches de détails (bases d'ondelettes B-Spline), classés par fréquence.%Les détails sont ainsi classés selon leur fréquence et, additionnées, permettent de retrouver la carte de densité d'origine. Chacune de ces bases de fonctions 2D s'apparente à une grille de coefficients. Lors du rendu sur GPU, chacune de ces grilles est traversée pas à pas, case par case, depuis l'observateur jusqu'à la plus proche surface solide. Grâce à notre séparation des différentes fréquences de détails lors des pré-calculs, nous pouvons optimiser le rendu en ne visualisant que les détails les plus contributifs visuellement en avortant notre parcours de grille à une distance variable selon la fréquence. Nous présentons ensuite d'autres travaux concernant ce même type de brouillard : l'utilisation de la transformée en ondelettes pour représenter sa densité via une grille non-uniforme, la génération automatique de cartes de densité et son animation à base de fractales, et enfin un début d'illumination temps-réel du brouillard en simple diffusion. Dans une seconde partie, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation, l'illumination en simple diffusion et au rendu temps-réel de fumée (sans simulation physique) sur GPU. Notre méthode s'inspire des Light Propagation Volumes (volume de propagation de lumière), une technique à l'origine uniquement destinée à la propagation de la lumière indirecte de manière complètement diffuse, après un premier rebond sur la géométrie. Nous l'adaptons pour l'éclairage direct, et l'illumination des surfaces et milieux participants en simple diffusion. Le milieu est fourni sous forme d'un ensemble de bases radiales (blobs), puis est transformé en un ensemble de voxels, ainsi que les surfaces solides, de manière à disposer d'une représentation commune. Par analogie aux LPV, nous introduisons un Occlusion Propagation Volume, dont nous nous servons, pour calculer l'intégrale de la densité optique entre chaque source et chaque autre cellule contenant soit un voxel du milieu, soit un voxel issu d'une surface. Cette étape est intégrée à la boucle de rendu, ce qui permet d'animer le milieu participant ainsi que les sources de lumière sans contrainte particulière. Nous simulons tous types d'ombres : dues au milieu ou aux surfaces, projetées sur le milieu ou les surfaces

The purpose for the present study was to examine working memory for what, where, and when information in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and adult humans using a computerized task. In Experiment 1, monkeys and humans completed three delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) tasks: 1) identity DMTS, 2) spatial DMTS, and 3) temporal DMTS. In Experiments 2, the identity and spatial tasks were combined so that monkeys had to report both what and where information about an event. In Experiment 3, the identity, spatial, and temporal tasks were combined in order to examine what-where-when memory integration. In Experiment 4, monkeys and humans were presented with two sequential events, and a memory cue indicated which event they were required to report. The rhesus monkeys and human participants were able to report all three components of the events and there was some evidence suggesting that these components were integrated in memory for the rhesus monkeys.

Abstract The development of the construction industry is slower compared to other industries. This implies that there must be improvements in this field. One step to increased effectiveness in construction projects is making the construction process more efficient, therefore resulting in a positive result for both the actual construction project and for the overall branch. The purpose of this study is to identify areas for improvement within the municipal housing company Gavlegårdarna completed construction project, who will then contribute to increased efficiency in their upcoming projects. The work has been performed with the help of two case studies examine construction projects "Fullriggaren" and "The three nursing homes." Opinions about what could have improved the efficiency of these construction projects further have been collected with the help of an interview study among some of the project participants involved in both projects. There have been many studies addressing the topic of how the construction process can be streamlined and similar studies that have been previously conducted. From some of these studies the efficiency factors have taken a theoretical basis in this study. These factors are considered important in efforts to achieve an efficient construction process. Among these factors are: carrying it out right from the beginning, clear objectives, good communication and effective meetings, providing interaction and teamwork and good management of repetitions and experience interchange. The results of this study show that Gavlegårdarnas construction process is fragmented in all of these factors. The shortcomings that emerged are: not to getting tenants in time, unclear responsibilities, unclear objectives, time-consuming discussions at meetings, etc. The outcome of this study also supports previous studies conducted in the area. The study concludes with all of the resulting criticized fragmentations and a proposal of measures that show how Gavlegårdarna can counteract these deficiencies occurring in their future projects.   Keywords: project participants, construction process, efficiency, communication, partnering / Sammanfattning Utvecklingen av byggbranschen går långsammare jämfört med övrig industri. Detta medför att det måste göras förbättringar inom detta område. Ett steg i en ökad effektivisering är att i byggprojekten göra själva byggprocessen mer effektiv, då detta får ett positivt genomslag för både det aktuella byggprojektet och för branschen i stort. Syftet med denna studie är att hitta de förbättringsområden inom det kommunala bostadsbolaget Gavlegårdarnas genomförda byggprojekt, som sedan ska bidra till en ökad effektivisering i deras kommande byggprojekt. Arbetet har utförts genom att med hjälp av två fallstudier undersöka byggprojekten ”Fullriggaren” och ”De tre gruppbostäderna”. Med hjälp av en intervjustudie bland av några av de medverkande aktörerna i de båda projekten har synpunkter samlats in om vad som skulle kunna ha effektiviserat dessa byggprojekt ytterligare. Det har genomförts mängder av studier som behandlar ämnet om hur byggprocessen kan effektiviseras och liknande studier som denna har genomförts tidigare. Ur några av dessa studier har effektiviseringsfaktorer hämtats som teoretiskt underlag i denna studie. Dessa faktorer anses som viktiga i arbetet att uppnå en effektiv byggprocess. Dessa faktorer är: att göra rätt från början, tydliga mål, bra kommunikation och effektiva möten, att skapa samverkan och team och bra hantering av omtag och erfarenhetsöverföring. Resultatet av denna studie visar att Gavlegårdarna visat brister inom samtliga av dessa faktorer. De brister som uppstått handlar t.ex. om att inte få in hyresgäster i tid, otydlig ansvarsfördelning, otydliga mål, tidskrävande diskussioner på möten etc. Därmed visar sig denna studies resultat även stödja de tidigare genomförda studierna inom området. Studien avslutas med att samtliga av de uppkomna bristerna konkretiseras och att förslag ges på hur Gavlegårdarna kan motverka att dessa brister uppstår i deras kommande projekt.    Nyckelord: Byggherre, byggentreprenör, Byggprocess, byggprojekt, effektivisering, kommunikation, partnering