Thesis (M.A. (Philosophy))--Rhodes University, 2006. / A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Deaprtment of Philosophy.

<p>Title: ”It´s so sensitive” - Persons in authority's arguments around those persons with disabilities chooses to become parents.</p><p>Authors: Therese Andersson and Malene Helander</p><p>Supervisor: Magdalena Damberg</p><p>The purpose with this paper is to describe and analyze how professionals act when people with disabilities chose to become parents. To achieve this purpose we have chosen to use a qualitative method with deliberation interviews. The interviews have been implemented with six different persons in authority who work in social welfare offices and as LSS - administrators.</p><p>Ensured to our questions, (1) How does persons in authority do in the meeting with persons that has a disability and chooses to become parents? (2) Which possibilities respective difficulties see persons in authority within social service and LSS with parenthood where the parent has a disability? (3) What is done in order to facilitate the needs that are added when persons with disabilities chooses to become parents? we consider that they have been responded to.</p><p>Through our empirical materials we can interpret and read out the replies that we searched for in connection with our survey. It has shown how persons in authority that is active within social service and LSS goes about when they meet persons with disabilities that want to form family. The procedure sees differently out depending on which disability the client in question has.</p><p>Keywords: Persons in authority, disability, empowerment, paternalism.</p>

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007. / Title from file title page. Andrew Altman, committee chair; Peter Lindsay, Timothy Renick, committee members. Electronic text (55 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-55).

This dissertation defends an account of oppression and supports a specific means of engaging with oppression cross-culturally. The project examines whether it is defensible to interfere in other cultures at all. Both the cultural relativist and the neo-imperialist approaches are argued to be an inadequate response to the question of whether it is defensible to interfere in other cultures, as both these approaches neglect the autonomy of the agents concerned. This project has two related goals. It first advances an answer to the question ‘what is oppression?’ An account of oppression is developed which will enable oppression to be identified cross-culturally. In order to start constructing an approach which will be adequate to respond to the question of interference, it is necessary to consider a means of identifying oppression crossculturally. The second objective is to examine the possibility of non-imperialistic and nonpaternalistic cross-cultural liberation projects. The first aim (advancing an account of oppression), is executed through arguing for an ethical framework which will be helpful in this context, and arguing for an account of oppression derived from this framework. The second aim (examining the possibility of non-imperialistic and non-paternalistic liberation), is carried out in two parts. The first part responds to two standard objections from cultural relativism, which would accuse a universal account such as mine of imperialism and paternalism. The first objection claims that a universalist account neglects historical and cultural difference, while the second objection claims that it neglects autonomy. In responding to these objections, it is noted that while my responses prove, theoretically, that a universal account of oppression need not lead to imperialism or paternalism, there is a danger that the account could become imperialistic and paternalistic in its application. With the intention of dealing with this problem, I advance a methodology of cross-cultural understanding which would reduce the likelihood of imperialism and paternalism in liberation projects. This notion of cross-cultural understanding is the most important contribution of this project. The objective is not to give practical judgments on when a specific liberation project is in fact paternalistic or imperialistic, but rather to propose guidelines which would need to be applied to each particular instance.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study explores the different ways that South African novels have represented fatherhood across historical periods, from the dawn of apartheid to the post-transitional moment. It is argued that there is a link between narrative power and the father, especially in the way that the father figure is given authority and is central to dominant narratives which support pervasive ideologies. The study introduces the concept of paternal narratives, which are narratives that support the power of the father within patriarchal systems and societies, and which the father is usually given control of. This lens will be applied to prominent South African literature in English, including early texts such as Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country, Nadine Gordimer’s Burger’s Daughter and J. M. Coetzee’s In the Heart of the Country, where the father’s authority is strongly emphasised, and where resisting the paternal narratives often leads to identity struggles for sons and daughters. Later texts, published during the transition from apartheid, often deconstruct the narrative power of fathers more overtly, namely Mark Behr’s The Smell of Apples, Zakes Mda’s Ways of Dying and K. Sello Duiker’s The Quiet Violence of Dreams. More recent novels, published in “post-transitional” South Africa, are radical in their approach to father figures: fathers are often shown to be spectral and dying, and their control of narratives is almost completely lost, such as in Lisa Fugard’s Skinner’s Drift, Mark Behr’s Kings of the Water, Zoë Wicomb’s Playing in the Light and Zukiswa Wanner’s Men of the South. Exploring these shifting representations is a useful way to unearth how ideological and social shifts in South Africa affect the types of representations produced, and how fatherhoods are being reimagined.

Bakgrund och problemformulering: Psykisk ohälsa kräver ibland psykiatrisk tvångsvård. Det är svårt att föreställa sig vad patienter erfar vid psykiatrisk tvångsvård. Tvångsvård kränker patientens autonomi. Sjuksköterskan har ansvar att respektera och arbete för människors autonomi. Detta gör arbetet med patienter där vars autonomi är kränkt, problematiskt. Den här studien handlar om patienters upplevelser av psykiatrisk tvångsvård. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva patienters upplevelser av psykiatrisk tvångsvård. Metod:  Systematisk  litteraturstudie. Tio artiklar med kvalitativ ansats utför resultatdelen. Resultat:  Litteraturstudiens resultat  beskriver huvudteman som  är  ”Upplevelser av psykiatrisk tvångsvård”, ”Relationer” och ”Information”. Huvudteman valdes på grund av återkommande ämnen i artiklarna. Temat ”Upplevelser av psykiatrisk tvångsvård” hade tre subteman som representerade olika grupper i artiklarna, en med positiva upplevelser till vårdformen, en var ambivalenta upplevelser och en grupp med negativa upplevelser. Temat ”Relationer” delas upp i två subteman då deltagare i artiklarna framförallt beskrev två områden kring relationer. Områden var relationer med anhöriga och relationer med personal. Upplevelserna kring hur och vad som påverkade relationerna varierade mellan olika deltagare. Temat ”Information” resulterade i två subteman, det första handlade om att förstå information samt dess betydelse och det andra berörde den upplevda bristen på information. Deltagare hade önskemål på hur de skulle få ta emot information och det var viktigt för deltagare att förstå den givna informationen samt att den kändes adekvat. Diskussion: Diskussionen berör metod på det vis att tillvägagångssättet för litteraturstudien redovisas och det beskrivs hur metoden under processen behövde justeras. Litteraturstudiens resultat ställs emot forskning på samma område fast ur andra perspektiv. Författarna till studien tar i resultatdiskussionen upp möjliga sammankopplingar kring beslutstagande, brist på information och relation med personal.

This thesis presents findings of a study conducted to determine the levels of cooperation that are manifested when disciplinary issues arise in the classroom.

This study examines paternalism in the northern Swedish company town of Robertsfors between 1920-1940. The company Robertsfors AB (RAB) was the sole employer and constructed a paternalistic relationship with its workers. Seth M Kempe (CEO 1897-1928), the first patriarch, built a comprehensive paternalistic relationship as part of a larger strategy of company independence. This stretched from corporate housing to funding of various initiatives and organizations. Erik Kempe (CEO 1928-1948) changed strategy towards profitability and during his reign the paternalistic relationship began to dismantle. Larger societal and economic forces, such as the 1930s recession, also impacted the historical trajectory of RAB. Two labor unions, a cultural organization and two local municipalities are studied. The results show that the company dismantled the paternalistic relationship beginning in the early 1930s and gave more responsibility over to the municipality. Interestingly, the worker’s fought to hinder the company’s efforts to dismantle the system, showing that they wanted to preserve the paternalistic relationship. This empirical study has theoretical implications showing that the dismantling of the system did not come from the worker’s movement, but rather through a change in company policy. Lastly, this study shows that industrial paternalism survived in Sweden well into the nineteen thirties.

American social policy, which has been under the influence of neoliberal paternalism, has become highly selective and inefficient. That needs to be changed. A model solution has been found right in the United States, in one of its federal institutions: the U.S. Military. In the past several decades, it has developed from a simple tool of defense into a complex institution, where an almost perfect social system exists, which could serve as an example for the national system. The military social system wasn't established purely on altruism, but rather based on a strategic decision to build and sustain the most stable and efficient fighting force. As a consequence, universal health-care emerged, as well as free access to higher education, social-welfare programs for veterans etc. Thus, people within the military community tend to have higher educational attainment, employment rates and quality of family life than the general population in the US. As a result, the military has been increasingly used as a social program. Even though the military service is often thought to be reserved for lower socio-economic classes, American middle class has increasingly sought it out as well. Given the structural problems not only in the national social system, it has been looking for alternative ways to improve, or...

När en designer tar fram en kampanj finns en underförstådd önskan att mottagaren kommer förändra sina åsikter eller beteenden när hen ser materialet. Men om vi ska använda oss av påverkansstrategier som metod, måste vi undersöka potentiella risker och om det är alls är möjligt att styra mottagare på ett ansvarsfullt sätt. Ett område där det är särskilt intressant att diskutera detta är design kring miljöfrågor. I en fallstudie av en kampanj från Naturskyddsföreningen om bidöden undersöker jag hur design använts för att förmedla insektsdöden som problem och för att uppmuntra till handling, med utgångspunkt i en beteendevetenskaplig teori kallad ”nudge theory”. Jag diskuterar även hur teorins upphovsmän Thaler & Sunstein (2008) applicerar nudge theory på klimatfrågor och granskar kritiskt anammandet av teorin som en del av designprocesser, med anledning av den inneboende risken för paternalism i Thaler & Sunsteins ramverk av påverkansstrategier. Resultatet av analysen är att Thaler & Sunsteins teori om påverkansstrategier innehåller vissa aspekter som kan vara användbara i syfte att uppmuntra miljövänligt beteende, men att teorins liberalistiska teoribas innebär begränsningar som förminskar dess förmåga att låta människors sociala natur inspirera samarbete. De största risker jag identifierat med användandet av påverkansstrategier är att de stjäl vår redan knappa uppmärksamhet, de kan klassificeras som starkare än bara mjuk övertalning och framförallt så finns inte demokratiskt lika förutsättningar för alla aktörer i samhället att producera påverkansstrategier.