Background: When patients suffer from sicknesses such as rectal cancer, Chrons disease and ulcerative colitis, then ostomies can be a course of treatment. Earlier research show that nurses lack knowledge to be able to care for patients with ostomies while expected to have an important role in the patients’ well-being.  Problem: Lack of knowledge from the general nurse about ostomy care impacts patients since their lives are affected by living with a stoma.  Aim: To describe patient´s experiences of living with a stoma. Method: A literature review based on ten qualitative scientific articles with descriptive synthesis. Results: Experiences shown in the results were divided into three themes: “Emotionell influence”, “Changes in everyday life” and “Acceptance of living with a stoma”.  Out of these themes came six subthemes: “To feel worry”, “To feel frustration”, “To feel shame”, “To live with a changed body”, “To be limited physically in one´s life”, “To lose control”.  Conclusion: Life with a stoma brings daily changes and influences the patients emotional state in relation to their body and their new situation. These experiences can in their turn evolve and patients can come to accept the stoma over time. Patients experiences a lack of information concerning ostomy care and support in living with a stoma. The results show that patients due to their ostomy experience suffering related to illness, to care, and to life.

Background: A large number of the Swedish population are today living with some kind of mental illness. With an understanding of patient's experiences of continuity, the nurses are able to meet each patient based on their desires. This contributes to an increased opportunity for the patient to achieve health. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate patients' experience of continuity of care in psychiatric care. Method: A literature-based study was conducted by analysis of qualitative articles. The articles were found through systematic searches in the databases Cinahl and PsycINFO. A total of eight articles were selected and analysed according to Friberg's five-step model. Results: The result was presented in three main themes which illuminated the patients' perspective. The first theme described the meaning of a care relationship to achieve continuity of care. In the second theme information was presented about how patient participation affects continuity. The third and last theme highlights the organizations effects on continuity. Conclusion: The conclusion is that an increased understanding of patient's own experiences of continuity is needed. It provides an opportunity for patients to achieve health and for health care professionals to meet the patient based on individual conditions in the care relationship. Maintaining continuity in psychiatric care has several positive aspects, both for the individual but also for the health care staff and organization, and should therefore be a priority. / I detta examensarbete var syftet att belysa patienters upplevelser av kontinuitet inom den psykiatriska vården. Psykisk ohälsa är vanligt och förekommer i samhället världen över. Hur patienten upplever den psykiatriska vården påverkas av olika faktorer. Det är av stor betydelse för sjuksköterskan att förstå och lära av dessa faktorer för att möta patienter i olika vårdsammanhang. Patienters upplevelser av kontinuitet var en av dessa faktorer som framkom i detta examensarbete. Efter sökning i två olika databaser kunde åtta kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar väljas ut till grund för examensarbetets resultat. Analysen av materialet utgick från Friberg (2017) femstegsmodell som beskrivs i metodavsnittet. Utifrån analysen kunde tre huvudteman och åtta underteman utformas. Det fanns omständigheter i vården som påverkade hälsan negativt. I detta examensarbete framkom det att bristande kontinuitet påverkade patientens utveckling av hälsa. Att upprätthålla kontinuitet visade sig istället leda till att patienten i högre utsträckning fick möjlighet att uppnå hälsa. Resultatet visade att upplevelsen av kontinuitet påverkades av olika faktorer. För att upprätthålla kontinuitet krävdes en fungerande vårdrelation mellan patient och vårdpersonal. Det var även av vikt för patienter att känna sig delaktiga i beslutsfattning. Det gav en motivation till fortsatt vård och behandling. Hur den psykiatriska vårdens organisation var uppbyggd påverkade också patienters upplevelse av kontinuitet. Genom att belysa patienters upplevelser av kontinuitet skapade författarna, i detta examensarbete, förutsättningar för att i framtiden kunna utforma en vård med patienten i fokus.

Typ 2-diabetes är en folkhälsosjukdom som ökar drastiskt på både en nationell och global nivå. Behandlingen av typ-2 diabetes utgår till stor del utifrån att patienten genomför en god egenvård. För att stötta patienter i sin egenvård har användandet av E-hälsa ökat i hälso- och sjukvården. Genom rätt anpassad information och samråd med sjuksköterskan gällande egenvård vid typ-2 diabetes kan E-hälsa vara en möjlighet till att stärka patienten i sin egenvård. Litteraturöversiktens syfte är att belysa patienters upplevelser av E-hälsa som stöd i egenvård vid typ 2-diabetes. Metoden som valdes var en litteraturöversikt baserat på 16 vetenskapliga artiklar. I resultatet framkom två teman; E-hälsans inverkan på egenvård och utformning av teknik. E-hälsans inverkan på egenvård framställdes ur tre underteman; Patienter upplevde en ökad kontroll, E-hälsa påverkade patienters engagemang och kunskap skapar förutsättningar. Utformning av teknik framställdes ur två underteman; Personcentrerad E-hälsa och avsaknad av mänskliga möten. För att E-hälsa ska utvecklas och uppnå vision E-hälsa 2025, är det av vikt att ta del av patienters upplevelser för att sjuksköterskan ska kunna tillmötesgå patienters vårdbehov.

Anthropological research conducted in a local Texas hospital provides data to analyze cultural competency. Increasing health equity is a key aspect of cultural competency literature, hospital, and national goals. Examining the local context allows for the analysis of how one hospital can affect public health in the area by using patient-centered care. Using observational and interview data to create the ideal of the patient journey shows how patient families experience cultural competency. Overall, the patient families felt they experienced culturally competent healthcare, however from the hospital structure perspective there could more goals to attain.

Bakgrund: En av de vanligaste cancerformerna i Sverige är bröstcancer där majoriteten som drabbas är kvinnor. Sjukdomsförloppet debuterar ofta genom någon typ av förändring i bröstet likt en knöl eller apelsinliknande hud. Utifrån sjukdomsbild anpassas behandlingen där de vanligaste alternativen är cytostatika samt strålning som antingen kan ges med kurativt eller palliativt ändamål. Syfte: Syftet med denna beskrivande litteraturstudie var att undersöka kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med bröstcancer. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie utgick från tio kvalitativa artiklar som söktes fram via databasen Medline via PubMed. Sökorden som användes var erfarenheter, patient, ”brösttumörer”, liv och kvalitativ. Artiklarna analyserades enligt Evans (2002) dataanalysmetod. Huvudresultat: Utmanande biverkningar hörde till kvinnornas vardag där fatigue och smärta upplevdes jobbigast för de flesta av kvinnorna. Självbilden försämrades i samband med sjukdomen och påverkade kvinnorna både psykiskt och socialt. Stödet från anhöriga och vänner var för många kvinnor viktigt för att orka med vardagen. Slutsats: För att hantera de jobbigaste biverkningarna fatigue och smärta visade sig sjuksköterskorna ha en viktig roll för många av kvinnorna. Djupare förståelse kring kvinnornas egen syn på sin sjukdomssituation kan vara viktigt vid relationsskapande mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten vilket även kan inverka positivt på den personcentrerade vården. / Background: One of the most common forms of cancer in Sweden is breast cancer where the majority of those who has it are women. The disease progression often begins with a change in the breast, such as a lump or that the skin feels like an orange. Based on the disease progression the most common treatment alternatives are chemotherapy and radiotherapy that either can be given in curative or palliative purpose. Aim: The aim of this descriptive literature study was to examine women´s experiences of living with breast cancer. Method: This literature study was based on ten qualitative articles that were search through the Medline database PubMed. The keywords that were used was experience, patient,” breast neoplasms” life and qualitative. The articles were analyzed according to Evans (2002) analysis method. Mainresult: The challenging side effects were a part of the women´s everyday life, fatigue and pain were experienced most difficult. The women´s self-esteem got worse when they went through the disease and affected them both mentally and socially. The support from relatives and friends was important for many of the women so they could cope with their everyday life. Conclusion: To deal with the challenging fatigue and pain nurses became an important role for many women. Deeper understanding of the women´s own views on their disease could be an important task to create a deeper relationship between the nurse and the patient which also could have a positive effect on the person-centered care.

Background: Organ transplantation is an established form of treatment applied worldwide, which saves many lives. There is however, an imbalance between supply and demand for organs, which means that the patients on the waiting list for organs often have to stay there for a long time. In worst case, they die before a suitable organ is found. Patients waiting for vital organs are therefore in a very exposed situation and this causes many feelings. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe patients´ experiences while waiting for vital organs. Method: A literature based study analysing twelve qualitative studies, that based onpatient interviews describe the patients' experiences while waiting for vital organs. Results: The result showed that patients felt bound, both physically and mentally. They experienced anxiety and stress during the long wait for an organ but had also hope forrecovery and wished to be able to return to a normal life. Information and support were an important part of getting through the wait. Two themes appeared during the analysis; To hope and to understand, the mixed emotions and To be bound and to be in need. Conclusion: All patients' experiences were individual, although there are many similarities in how they experienced waiting for vital organs, especially regarding emotions. Hope was a prerequisite for patients while waiting for a vital organ, as it servesas a driving force to hold out during their uncertain life situation.

Introduktion: Vistelsen på akutmottagningen präglas av möten med flera olika vårdprofessioner. När vårdpersonalen engagerar patienten i en öppen dialog ökar patienternas delaktighet samt patientsäkerheten. Bristande bemötande kan leda till att patientsäkerheten äventyras samt onödiga kostnader då obefogade åtgärder genomförs. Missnöjda patienter till följd av bristande bemötande är mindre benägna att följa vårdens rekommendationer vilket kan leda till att de återkommer till vården i sämre skick.  Syfte: Att undersöka patienters upplevelser av vårdpersonalens bemötande på akutmottagningen. Metod: En deskriptiv kvalitativ litteraturstudie användes som metod. Elva vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades.  Resultat: Fem huvudkategorier framträdde: Information, Kommunikation, Delaktighet, Personcentrerad vård och Personalens handlingar. Att vara tillräckligt informerad, erhålla individanpassad information samt regelbundet kommunicera med vårdpersonal bidrog till en positiv upplevelse av vårdpersonalens bemötande. Även möjligheten att delta i sin vård samt vårdas ur ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt bidrog till positiva upplevelser. När informationen och kommunikationen brast upplevde patienterna oroskänslor.  Slutsats: Mötet präglas av olika faktorer som bidrar till upplevelsen av bemötandet. Varje persons upplevelse är individuell och det är sjuksköterskans ansvar att bemöta personen utifrån dennes individuella behov och önskemål. Ett gott bemötande bidrar till en positiv vårdupplevelse hos den sjuke. När personen inte upplever att bemötandet är tillfredsställande bidrar detta till en negativ vårdupplevelse. / Introduction: Visiting the emergency department is characterized by encounters with different healthcare professions. When the staff engages the patient in an open dialogue patient participation and patient safety increases. Inadequate treatment can lead to patient safety being compromised as well as unnecessary costs when unjustified measures are carried out. Dissatisfied patients, due to poor treatment, are less likely to follow recommendations, leading to them later returning to the hospitals in worse conditions.  Aim: To investigate patients’ experiences of the encounter with the staff in the emergency department.  Method: A descriptive qualitative literature study where eleven scientific articles with a qualitative approach were quality reviewed and analyzed.  Result: Five main categories emerged: Information, Communication, Participation, Person-centered care, and Staff actions. Being sufficiently informed, receiving individually tailored information and regular communication with healthcare staff contributed to a positive experience of the treatment. To be involved in their care and to be cared for from a person-centered approach also contributed to positive experiences. When information and communication was insufficient patients experienced negative emotions.  Conclusion: Being cared for in an emergency department implies an encounter between a patient and staff. The encounter is characterized by various factors that contribute to the experience of being treated at the emergency department. Each persons’ situation is individual, and it is the nurses’ responsibility to respond to the person based on their individual needs. A good encounter contributes to a positive experience for the patient. When the encounter is unsatisfactory it contributes to a negative experience.

Background: Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are antibiotic-resistant strains of staphylococcus which are resistant to penicillin preparations. This makes MRSA infections hard to treat and a global threat to healthcare environments and society. Previous studies show that MRSA can lead to the patient feeling stigmatized. Numerous studies focus on the prevalence, treatment and management of MRSA but only a few studies focus on the patient’s experiences and how life is affected by being an MRSA carrier. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients’ experiences of living with MRSA. Method: The method of this study was a literature review based on analysis of qualitative and quantitative research. A total of 11 studies were analyzed and processed to identify themes. Results: The study resulted in two themes and a total of five subthemes. The theme Being cared for with MRSA includes the three subthemes Experiencing lack of knowledge, competence and information in healthcare professionals, Wanting to know more and Exposedto protective measures. The theme A changed life situation includes the two subthemes To be affected emotionally and Changing the way of life. Conclusion: A person who lives with MRSA is at risk of feeling violated in healthcare, private life and working life which could deteriorate the patient's health.

No / Aim The aim of this review is to summarise the literature relating to patients’ experiences with home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Method This literature review is based on searches of CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Web of Science for articles published between 1970 and 2013. Additional studies were included from Department of Health publications, NICE clinical guidance, UK patient support group with interests in HPN or intestinal failure (IF). Results Patients with severe IF have been successfully treated with HPN since the 1970s. Early published studies evaluated clinical outcomes such as catheter-related infections, metabolic complications, thrombosis of the catheterised vein and liver impairment. Since the 1980s questionnaire studies were used to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of patients treated with HPN. These early studies used QoL assessment tools which were not validated for patients treated with HPN. Internationally, there were published qualitative research studies which explored the experiences of patients treated with HPN. Conclusions The long-term outcome of patients treated with HPN continues to attract research interest. The review of the literature did not identify any published qualitative studies on the experiences of patients treated with HPN in the UK, suggesting a gap in the research. The UK National Health Service advocates a patient-centred approach for service design and delivery in primary and secondary care. This literature review has highlighted opportunities for qualitative research into the experiences of patients living with HPN to achieve better understanding and awareness of the rehabilitation of these patients

Yes / Background In the United Kingdom, nurses and pharmacists who have undertaken additional post-registration training can prescribe medicines for any medical condition within their competence (non-medical prescribers, NMPs), but little is known about patients' experiences and perceptions of this service. Objective to obtain feedback from primary care patients on the impact of prescribing by nurse independent prescribers (NIPs) and pharmacist independent prescribers (PIPs) on experiences of the consultation, the patient–professional relationship, access to medicines, quality of care, choice, knowledge, patient-reported adherence and control of their condition. Design Two cross-sectional postal surveys. Setting and participants Patients prescribed for by either NIPs or PIPs in six general practices from different regions in England. Results 30% of patients responded (294/975; 149/525 NIPs; 145/450 PIPs). Most said they were very satisfied with their last visit (94%; 87%), they were told as much as they wanted to know about their medicines (88%; 80%), and felt the independent prescriber really understood their point of view (87%; 75%). They had a good relationship with (89%; 79%) and confidence in (84%; 77%) their NMP. When comparing NMP and doctor prescribing services, most patients reported no difference in their experience of care provided, including access to it, control of condition, support for adherence, quality and safety of care. Discussion and conclusions Patients had positive perceptions and experience from their NMP visit. NMPs were well received, and patients' responses indicated the establishment of rapport. They did not express a strong preference for care provided by either their non-medical or medical prescriber. / Policy Research Programme in the Department of Health