The United States Border Patrol (USBP) is responsible for interdicting unauthorized entry into the U.S. The USBP must decide how to allocate its detection and interdiction assets to maximize the probability of catching illegal aliens along the border. We study the case where an infiltrator can observe USBP preparations, and then choose a path into the U.S. We define the infiltrator's courses of actions to maximize the probability of escape, and then express the USPB's courses of actions to minimize that maximum achievable probability of escape. This case applies especially well to a signal entry, e.g. a well-planned, one-time smuggling of a weapon of mass destruction. We solve a sample problem for the U.S. Mexican border near Yuma, Arizona.

CHDS State/Local / Illegal cross-border activity is a severe homeland defense and security problem along the international Southwest border. The issue of illegal human smuggling is not new to the United States-Mexico border or to law enforcement agencies; however, the phenomenon is rising and human smugglers are adjusting to law enforcement tactics. This thesis has three objectives. First, it describes and identifies the fundamental dimensions of U.S. Border Patrol operations in the busiest, most vulnerable section of the border. Second, it integrates prominent border security factors into a mathematical predictive model -- the Arizona-Sonora Border (ASB) Model * that provides an illustration of possible border security operational strategies and the outcome apprehension probability of migrants given the implementation of various operational strategies. Last, this thesis seeks to provide a comprehensive picture of the complex dynamics along the USBP Tucson Sector. This picture highlights the primary challenges facing policymakers in developing innovative policies that will minimize illegal cross-border activity and secure the homeland. / Southwest Border Specialist, Arizona Office of Homeland Security

Large, metropolitan areas across the nation have experienced high rates of violent crime over the past 2 decades. As a consequence, law enforcement agencies have increased patrol efforts, but little is known about whether the decrease in violent crime rates was correlated to increased police patrols or to the economic variables of unemployment, inflation, level of education, unemployment compensation, and homeownership. The purpose of this non-experimental, correlational study was to examine the nature of the relationship between increased police patrols, the 5 economic variables, and violent crime rates in 7 large US cities for a 10-year period. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Paternoster's deterrence theory and Becker's economic theory of crime causation. Data were acquired from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and used a sample of 114 cases of reported violent crimes for each city included in the study for the years 2000 - 2010 (n = 798). A multiple regression analysis was initially performed with inconclusive results. Spearman's correlations between each of the independent and dependent variables of violent crime indicated that all the independent variables except for homeownership had statistically significant inverse correlations with violent crime rates. The findings of this study may be used by law enforcement agencies and policy makers to develop crime prevention interventions that address those economic factors associated with violent crime, thereby promoting positive social change through creating safer communities.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Gerald G. Brown. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42). Also available online.

yes / This article examines an innovative domestic violence intervention: some 300 ‘second-response’ police patrols set up since 2015 by military police forces and municipal guards in cities around Brazil. They enforce court-issued protection orders by paying repeat visits to women at high risk, referring them to support services, and ensuring abusers stay away. Drawing on interviews with officers who founded or now lead these patrols, and on local-level police data and studies, the article analyses their origins and modus operandi, and evaluates their impacts on victims, abusers, the community, and internal police force culture. Available evidence shows that victims enrolled in these programmes are much less likely to suffer repeated assault or feminicide than those who are not. The article examines how this intervention fits with the other elements of local protection networks and compares these patrols to second-response police interventions developed elsewhere

Nattvandring är ett utbrett men understuderat fenomen i Sverige. Över 400 grupper är aktiva i 21 län och engagemanget uppskattas idag till ca 60 000 deltagare. Syftet med studien är att belysa hur nattvandring kan se ut, bidra till en ökad förståelse kring nattvandring i Stockholmsområdet samt hur verksamheten kan skilja sig åt i olika områden. När staten tar ett steg tillbaka och civila medborgare engagerar sig frivilligt och tar ett större ansvar i skapandet av trygghet och ordning kan även risker uppstå. Studien strävar därför även efter att belysa vilka risker som uppstår och hur dessa hanteras av nattvandringsgrupperna. Genom deltagande observationer och intervjuer med nattvandrare aktiva i tre områden i Stockholm strävar studien efter att skapa ökad förståelse kring hur nattvandring praktiskt kan genomföras samt belysa de risker som kan uppstå när vanliga medborgare involveras i aktiviteter som inkluderar någon form av övervakning/kontroll. Resultatet visar att nattvandringen organiseras på lite olika sätt samtidigt som det praktiska tillvägagångssättet skiljer sig mellan områdena. Gruppernas rörelsemönster varierar och centreras kring olika platser utifrån vad nattvandrarna upplever vara orsaker till otrygghet i området. Gruppernas agerande i mötet med berusade ungdomar framträder som ytterligare en skillnad, vilken kan förstås utifrån varierande samverkansformer med andra aktörer aktiva i området – framför allt fältassistenterna. Nattvandringen kan innebära risker för de som deltar, men grupperna har strategier för att minska riskerna exempelvis när det gäller kontaktsökande med ungdomar. Samtidigt identifieras en risk att normbrytande beteende enbart förflyttas ur nattvandrarnas synhåll. Erfarenheter från en av grupperna visar att risken för vigilanta handlingar och att vuxna med ”fel” inställning deltar är reell. Slutsatserna betonar att skillnader mellan grupperna egentligen inte är överraskande eftersom verksamheten bygger på ideellt engagemang och utformas av individer med olika uppfattningar om området och dess problembilder. Skillnaderna i samverkansformen med statliga aktörer blir däremot en viktig aspekt. Studien visar att gränsen mellan engagemang och vigilanta handlingar kan vara tunn och att samverkan utgör en strategi för att minska risken att ”fel” vuxna ansluter.

No description available.

This thesis focuses on the work of a social movement based in Cairo that dedicated itself to the addressing and reducing sexual harassment, or taḥarush in the streets. Based on a year and five months of fieldwork, this thesis elaborated upon the genesis of the movement, its ethos, and the methods it deployed to tackle taḥarush. It is argued that the movement deployed methods which encouraged members of Egyptian society to revisit and rework their ethical standpoints with reference to taḥarush, and as such public behaviour. In this way, members of Egyptian society were asked to become more aware of their roles within society itself. Firstly, such methods had to be tested by movement members themselves. The movement became known for two main activities: raising awareness and patrols. Both methods serve as ways by which the movement reshaped both people and the public spaces they occupied. Spaces are defined by the people who pass through them, and by acting on a given space, people can change how it is perceived. The movement designated itself a safe space, encouraging members to ponder ideas from society with the goal of changing society ‘for the better'. What my research revealed was that lack of consensus regarding definitions embedded in movement ethos contributed to conflict between members and discontinuity between ethos and its enactment. Government pressures required changes to the structure and internal functioning of the movement, and in addition to the initial ethical project regarding taḥarush, members found themselves learning to embody and perform roles associated with employed positions. The turmoil experienced both within in and outside of the movement is put back into the context of Egypt post 2011, to tease out the sense of temporality embedded in their struggle to survive the political climate of the time.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Freitas Ocanha.pdf: 5309432 bytes, checksum: b8861feaf74894ccbe952ed7e5520395 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to analyze a series of police operations, called "rondões" which aimed to reclassify some areas of the city of São Paulo, where street prostitution, called trottoir during the 1979-1983 period occurs. Some of these operations supported by the newspaper O Estado de S. Paul, denounced by other prostitutes to the population through the newspaper Folha de S. Paul, in addition to newspaper coverage of the Corner Gas Light, the alternative press. This set of operations of the repressive apparatus was to first target prostitutes, transvestites after operation with the famous "Clean", expanding to the whole called gay ghetto. Police spread terror by marginal territories to use the method to arrest anyone who was not carrying the formal work. These transactions had a great press coverage, social movements, even to the establishment of the Commission investigation of the Human Person in the Legislative Assembly. With the discourses that surfaced through repression - resistance relationship arises in check not only the use of urban space, but also the practices and values of a society aimed at democratization / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar uma série de operações policiais, chamadas rondões , que visavam requalificar algumas áreas da cidade de São Paulo, em que ocorre a prostituição de rua, o chamado trottoir, durante o período de 1979-1983. Algumas dessas operações apoiadas pelo jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, outras denunciadas pelas prostitutas à população por meio do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, além da cobertura do jornal Lampião da Esquina, da imprensa alternativa. Esse conjunto de operações do aparelho repressivo teve como primeiro alvo as prostitutas, depois as travestis com a famosa operação Limpeza , se expandindo para todo o chamado gueto homossexual. A polícia disseminou o terror pelos territórios marginais ao utilizar o método de prender quem não estivesse portando a carteira de trabalho assinada. Essas operações tiveram uma grande cobertura da Imprensa, dos movimentos sociais, chegando até a instauração de inquérito na Comissão de Direitos da Pessoa Humana na Assembleia Legislativa. Com os discursos que vieram à tona por meio da relação repressão-resistência, coloca-se em xeque não só a utilização do espaço urbano, mas também as práticas e valores de uma sociedade que visava à redemocratização

Universiẗat, Diss.--Köln, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. 5 - 33.