The pelvic floor muscles (PFM) form the base of the abdominal canister, and like the other muscle groups around the canister, the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm, they contribute to and are affected by pressures within the canister. But they also have a role in organ support and continence. In urinary incontinence, clinical rehabilitation has targeted the PFM in isolation. It aims to build up strength and endurance of these muscles, but without consideration of the influence of intra-abdominal pressure, and therefore the co-ordination of muscles that generate that pressure, on PFM activity. Strengthening of the PFM has not resolved incontinence for all women, and the benefits are not sustained in the long term. Thus consideration of factors beyond the pelvic floor (PF) may lead to better outcomes for rehabilitation in both the short and long term. Thus these studies aimed to investigate the influences of abdominal muscle activity and spinal posture on the recruitment of the PFM. The studies firstly investigated the association between the abdominal and PFM during voluntary tasks. Further studies examined the effect of automatic recruitment of the PFM and the abdominal muscles with postural disturbances and changes in spinal posture, and whether there was a difference in recruitment between layers of the PFM complex during function. Electromyographic (EMG) studies, using fine wire and/or surface electrodes, were performed to record patterns of muscle activity, while, in selected studies, this was accompanied by pressures recorded within the stomach, urethra, bladder, vagina, anus and rectum, to monitor the effects of the striated muscle activity on intra-abdominal pressure and urethral function. When the PFM were voluntarily contracted in healthy women, there was a co-ordinated response in all the abdominal muscles, which varied with the position of the lumbar spine. Conversely, when the lower abdominal muscles were drawn in towards the spine there was an increase in IAP, urethral pressure and PFM EMG activity. Relaxation of the abdominal muscles and bulging of the relaxed abdominal wall decreased PFM activity and urethral pressure below their resting baselines. Thus, voluntary activation of the abdominal or PFM influences activity in the other muscle group. Other studies investigated the automatic responses of abdominal and PFM during breathing, postural perturbation, sitting and coughing. Quiet breathing was associated with modulation of PFM EMG with greater activity during expiration than inspiration, in association with variations in abdominal muscle activity. Hypercapnoea accentuated these results. Postural perturbations generated co-activation of the PF and abdominal muscles before the onset of deltoid activity with sustained activity through out repeated arm movements. Changes in spinal posture also affected PFM activity. Like the abdominal muscles, PFM were less active when sitting in a slumped position. Similar changes occurred in women with stress urinary incontinence but with lower pelvic floor muscle activity levels. Women with stress urinary incontinence also had less lordosis of the lumbar spine in upright sitting and a trend for greater superficial abdominal muscle activity than continent women. Activity of the superficial, but not deep, PFM during coughing, was affected by different sitting postures, with greater activity during coughing in slumped than in upright postures. Different breathing patterns and changes in posture also affected IAP and abdominal muscle recruitment patterns during coughing. Investigation of PFM activity during functional tasks indicates that factors beyond the PF influence its activity. The findings from these studies indicate that PFM activity is inter-related with spinal posture and abdominal muscle activity. While most of these studies were conducted in healthy women, there are a number of different types of PF problems in women, in which the mechanics of the dysfunction differ from stress urinary incontinence. PFM activity has not been investigated in all types of PF dysfunction. The findings of co-ordinated recruitment of the abdominal and PFM and the effect of spinal posture on PFM function provide some evidence that PFM rehabilitation should not be undertaken in isolation, and that there is a likely advantage from exercising with a neutral lumbar spine. There is a need for further investigation of this co-ordinated muscle recruitment in subjects with different types of dysfunction, not just stress urinary incontinence. Findings from such investigations could then point the way forward to improved rehabilitation methods for people with problems, and more suitable methods of maintaining pelvic floor health.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.

Orientador: Marilza Vieira da Cunha Rudge / Resumo: Introdução: A nova ênfase no diagnóstico e tratamento da Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) não é apenas para prevenir a morbidade e mortalidade perinatal, mas também representa a lacuna única de oportunidades para prover cuidados a longo prazo da mãe e do feto. Os efeitos de toda essa informação dada às mães sobre DMG no meio da gravidez e sua responsabilidade de gerenciar os fatores metabólicos intrauterinos por controle hiperglicêmico rigoroso enfrentam um estado de ansiedade e incerteza sobre problemas futuros atuais ou potenciais. Todos esses ajustes podem afetar a emoção, a mentalidade e a sexualidade aprovada pela declaração da Organização Mundial de Saúde como o direito fundamental para todas as pessoas. As dificuldades sexuais mais frequentes durante a gestação estão associadas a fatores psicológicos, físicos, relacionais, socioculturais e religiosos, bem como medos e mitos sobre a sexualidade feminina durante a gravidez. Objetivos: Este estudo foi projetado para investigar a função sexual usando índices de composição e pontuação específica do Inventário de Resposta Sexual de Gravidez (PSRI) em uma população bem categorizada de pacientes recentemente diagnosticados e sob tratamento de mulheres com Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (GDM). Método: O presente estudo de coorte transversal foi composto por dois grupos, sendo um com 168 participantes no grupo de normoglicêmicas e outro com 108 participantes no grupo de hiperglicêmicas. Foi aplicado o questionário Pregnancy Se... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The new emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is not only to prevent perinatal morbidity and mortality but also represents the unique gap in opportunities to provide long-term care for the mother and fetus. The effects of all this information given to mothers about GDM in the midst of pregnancy and their responsibility for managing the intrauterine metabolic factors for rigorous hyperglycemic control face a state of anxiety and uncertainty about current or potential future problems. All of these adjustments can affect the emotion, mentality and sexuality endorsed by the World Health Organization statement as the fundamental right for all people. The most frequent sexual difficulties during gestation are associated with psychological, physical, relational, sociocultural and religious factors, as well as fears and myths about female sexuality during pregnancy. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate sexual function using composite indexes and specific Pregnancy Sexual Response Inventory (PSRI) scores in a well-categorized population of newly diagnosed and under-treated women with GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus). Method: The present cross-sectional cohort study consisted of two groups, one with 168 participants in the normoglycemic group and another with 108 participants in the hyperglycemic group. The Pregnancy Sexual Response Inventory (PSRI) questionnaire was applied to evaluate the sexual quality of pregnant women in th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Hamilto Akihissa Yamamoto / Resumo: Proposta: O câncer de próstata é o tumor sólido mais comum em homens. A prostatectomia radical é importante forma curativa dessa doença, mas tem como uma das complicações mais temidas a disfunção erétil. Estudos prévios demonstram ação da fisioterapia como forma de tratamento dessa complicação, mas sua real importância ainda está por ser definida. Neste artigo foi proposta a avaliação da fisioterapia através de exercícios para reabilitação do assoalho pélvico e através de eletroestimulação no tratamento e reabilitação precoce da disfunção erétil após a prostatectomia radical.Materiais e métodos: Estudo clínico randomizado e controlado comparando três grupos: observação (G1), exercícios domiciliares do assoalho pélvico (G2) e eletroestimulação anal (G3). Os pacientes foram avaliados no pré-operatório e com 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses após a cirurgia através da perineometria (avaliar força do assoalho pélvico), eletromiografia (registro elétrico da atividade muscular) e o IIEF-5 (Índice Internacional de Função Erétil), somente o IIEF-5 foi realizado até 24 meses após a cirurgia.Resultados: Os grupos foram homogêneos quanto a presença de comorbidades, estadiamento clínico e preservação de feixes nervosos. A presença de disfunção erétil no pré-operatório foi alta (62% dos pacientes). Não houve correlação entre os tratamentos fisioterapêuticos e a recuperação da função erétil no pós-operatório. Conclusão: Não foi encontrado benefício da intervenção fisioterapêutica precoce na recuperação d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Proposal: Prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor in men. A radical prostatectomy is important curative form of this disease, but it has one of the most feared complications that is, erectile dysfunction. Previous studies have demonstrated the action of physical therapy as a treatment for this complication, but its real importance is yet to be defined. In this paper the evaluation of physiotherapy was proposed by rehabilitation exercises for the pelvic floor and through electrostimulation in the treatment and early rehabilitation of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy.Materials and methods: a randomized controlled clinical study comparing three groups: observation (G1), home pelvic floor exercises (G2) and anal electrostimulation (G3). Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery by perineometry (assessing strength of the pelvic floor), Electromyography (electrical record of muscle activity) and the IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function). Only the IIEF-5 was performed up to 24 months after surgery .Results: The groups were homogeneous regarding the presence of comorbidities, clinical staging and preservation of nerve bundles. The presence of erectile dysfunction preoperatively was high (62% of patients). There was no correlation between the physical therapy treatments and the recovery of erectile function postoperatively. Conclusion: No benefit was found of early physiotherapy intervention in the recovery of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de um programa fisioterápico no pré-natal, como uma proposta pedagógica através do exercício do assoalho pélvico, que facilitaria a fase de expulsão do parto, em dois grupos constituídos de gestantes adolescentes e adultas - primíparas e multíparas. O tempo de expulsão no segundo estágio do parto variou de 1 a 18 mínutos, no grupo de gestantes que realizou o exercício (experimental) e, de 1 a 20 minutos, no grupo controle. Esta diferença não foi significativa e, em ambos os grupos, foi menor que o valor mínímo de 20 mínutos, descrito na literatura. O grupo experimental evidenciou, embora fracamente, as seguintes correlações: o tempo expulsivo dimínuiu com o aumento dos exercícios nas gestantes acima de 18 anos e aumentou, nas gestantes com menos de 18 anos. O Apgar dos bebês, no primeiro e no quinto minuto, não mostrou diferença signíficativa entre os grupos. Ficou demonstrado o valor pedagógico do programa fisioterápico de preparação para o parto pelo incremento do nível de informação das gestantes e pela aquisição da consciência e controle motor da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, assim como o nível de satisfação das gestantes. / This study evaluated the effect of a prenatal physiotherapy program, as a pedagogical proposal, by means of pelvic floor exercising which would improve delivery, in two groups of pregnants including adolescent and adult women - primiparae and multiparae. The second stage delivery time ranged from 1 to 18 minutes within the experimental group of pregnant women performing the exercises and from 1 to 20 minutes, within a control group. This difference was not significant and both groups showed delivery times under the 20 minutes reported in the literature. Although weakly, the experimental group evidenced the following correlations: delivery time was reduced as exercising increased, for pregnant women over 18 years old, and increased, for those below 18 years old. Babies bom from both groups showed no significant differences concerning Apgar scores, at the first and fifth minutes. The prenatal physiotherapy program showed to be pedagogically valuable because it increased the pregnants' information levei, pelvic floor musculature awareness and motor control, as well as women's satisfaction degree.

Introdução: Incontinência Urinária (IU) é comum na população feminina afetando um terço das mulheres adultas, podendo comprometer sua função sexual (FS). Ainda há controvérsia sobre o impacto da IU sobre a FS. A associação da FS e da funcionalidade da MAP é uma questão relevante que necessita aprofundamento. Objetivo: Comparar a FS de mulheres com Incontinência Urinária de Esforço (IUE) e Incontinência Urinária Mista (IUM), e correlacionar a funcionalidade da musculatura do assoalho pélvico (MAP) à FS destas mulheres. Método: Observacional e transversal, n=61 mulheres, de 30 a 70 anos que tiveram relação sexual nos últimos 12 meses. As participantes foram classificadas em dois grupos: IUE (n=22) E IUM (n=39). A avaliação foi constituída por ficha de anamnese, biofeedback pressórico, escala PERFECT, e questionário PISQ-12. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste Shapiro-Wilk para verificar a normalidade dos dados. Para comparação dos dados foi utilizado o teste T de amostras independentes e o teste U de Mann-Whitney. Para correlação foi utilizado o teste de Correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Diferença significativa na paridade e duração da queixa entre os grupos; na comparação do escore total do PISQ-12 e no domínio físico; nos itens P e F da escala PERFECT. Não houve correlação significativa entre a CVM Média e o Escore Total PISQ-12. Conclusão: Não foi demonstrado correlação entre a função da MAP e a FS nos grupos. Porém, houve diferença significativa entre a FS nos grupos. / Introduction: Urinary Incontinence (UI) is common among the female population. It affects one third of adult women and can compromise their sexual function (SF). There are still controversy about the impacts of UI on the SF. The association of the SF and the functionality of the pelvic floor muscles (PMF) is a relevant issue that needs to be better comprehended. Goal: Comparing the SF of women with Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) and Mixed Urinary Incontinence (MUI), and correlating these women’s PMF functionality to their SF. Method: Observational and cross-sectional, n=61 women aged 30 to 70 yo, who had had sexual relations in the last 12 months. The participants were divided into two groups: SUI (n=22) and MUI (n=39). The assessment consisted of the anamnesis record, pressure biofeedback, PERFECT scale and the PISQ-12 questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Shapiro-Wilk test to verify the normality of the data. The independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for data comparison. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to correlate data. The adopted level of significance was 5%. Results: Significant difference between the groups regarding the parity and duration of complaints; the PISQ-12 total score and the physical domain; the items Power-Pressure and Fast of the PERFECT scale. There was no significant correlation between the Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) and the PISQ-12 total score. Conclusion: The tests did not find a correlation between the PFM functions and the SF in the groups. However, there was a significant difference in the SF between groups.

Title: Pelvic floor dysfunctions Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determine the effect of physiotherapy based on the methodology of Ludmila Mojzisova on patients that were showing pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms. The objective is to take the clinical picture of the patients and compare it to the typical findings of Mojzisova. Also to determine which one of the clinical history events had most likely the biggest impact on the development of the dysfunction. Methodology: For the assessment of the effectiveness of the therapy on the patient, I used the pain scale called visual analogic scale (VAS), that was recorded at the beginning and at the end of the therapy. For the comparison of the clinical picture, I used the aspection while focusing on the divergence from the posture and assessment of spasms and blockades according to Mojzisova. This was completed with a test of stretching maneuvers and deep and superficial sensation. In order to determine the root cause of the problem of each patient, I used their clinical history. Findings: This diploma thesis confirmed the benefit of the Mojzisova method therapy in lowering the pain levels and improving the functional state of probands. This was further confirmed by the clinical picture of the study subjects. The most probable root cause of the...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 noronha_af_me_botfm.pdf: 252791 bytes, checksum: c5cc71429a0a70b1c137589b43b42506 (MD5) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Médico e Hospitalar (Famesp) / Avaliar a prevalência de disfunções do assoalho pélvico após o tratamento de carcinoma invasor de colo uterino. Uma amostra de sessenta mulheres submetidas á histerectomia radical (n=20), radioterapia exclusiva (n=20) ou quimiorradiação (n=20) foram incluídas para análise. As funções de assoalho pélvico foram avaliadas por meio de questionários e avaliação física após, pelo menos, 6 meses do final do tratamento. A análise estatística realizada foram os testes de Mann-Whitney, kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, Qui-quadrado quando apropriados. O p<0,05 foi considerado significativo. A idade variou de 28 a 75 anos (52,5 l 9,3 anos). O estádio clínico do tumor (FIGO) foi I em 25 casos (41,67%), II em 12 (20%), III em 22 (36,67%) and IV em 1 caso (1,67%). Os grupos foram semelhantes em relação a idade, paridade, menopausa e IMC. O comprimento vaginal foi menor em pacientes submetidas à radioterapia ou quimiorradiação quando comparadas com o grupo de histerectomia radical (5,5l1,9, 5,3l1,5 versus 7,4l1,1 cm, respectivamente; p<0,001). Não houve diferença em relação à incontinência urinária de esforço (p=0,56), urgência (p=0,44), urgeincontinência (p=0,54) e noctúria (p=0,53). Vida sexual ativa foi mais freqüente nas mulheres submetidas à cirurgia (90%) quando comparadas com o grupo da radioterapia (50%) e quimiorradiação (50%) (p=0,01). A dispareunia foi maior no grupo da radioterapia exclusiva, seguida da quimiorradiação e da histerectomia radical (p=0.021). O grupo da quimiorradiação apresentou maior freqüência evacuatória/dia (p<0.001) e a presença de diarréia foi menor no grupo da histerectomia radical (p=0.025), nos outros dois grupos foi semelhante. As disfunções do assoalho pélvico são comuns após o tratamento para carcinoma invasor de colo uterino. A radioterapia e a quimiorradiação são mais associadas às limitações... / This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction following treatment for invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Sixty patients submitted to radical hysterectomy (n=20), radiotherapy (n=20) or chemoradiation (n=20) were included for analysis. Pelvic floor function was assessed by questionnaires and physical examination at least 6 months after the treatment has finished. Main outcome measures were urinary, intestinal and sexual functions and vaginal length. Data of patients were collected prospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using oe2 , Mann- Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon as appropriate. P-value< 0.05 was significantly. The age of patients ranged from 28 to 75 years old (52.5 l 9.3 years). Tumor staging (FIGO) was I in 25 cases (41.67%), II in 12 (20%), III in 22 (36.67%) and IV in 1 case (1.67%). Vaginal length was shorter in the patients submitted to radiotherapy or chemoradiation compared to radical hysterectomy group (5.5l1.9, 5.3l1.5 versus 7.4l1.1 cm; p<0.001). There were no differences regarding stress incontinence (p=0.56), urgency (p=0.44), urgeincontinence(p=0.54) and nocturia (p=0.53). Active sexual life was significantly higher in women submitted to surgical treatment (p=0.01), and dyspareunia was higher in the group of radiotherapy (p=0.021). The bowel frequency was higher in group of patients submitted to chemoradiation (p=0.025). Pelvic floor dysfunctions are common after treatment for invasive cervical carcinoma. Radiotherapy and chemoradiaiton are more associated to a limitation in sexual activity and bowel dysfunction than surgery.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The lower urinary tract undergoes changes with increasing age may result in disorders such as reduced bladder capacity and decreased ability to postpone the urination. Studies aimed at the pelvic floor and the level of physical activity of older women are still scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the functionality of the pelvic floor active older women physically. This was a descriptive study of quantitative type. Were the sample inclusion criteria: women aged 60 or older, preserved cognitive function, as measured by the Mini Mental State Examination, with functional independence measured by the Katz scale. The sample consisted of 51 elderly, with a mean age of 67.8 (± 5.2) years participating in a university extension program of a public university in southern Brazil. It used as research tools to diagnostic sheet with identification data, sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, urogynecologic aspects and regular physical activity, through the interview and functional evaluation of the pelvic floor, made through the PERFECT scheme . The evaluation of the physical activity level was accomplished through the use of the accelerometer for seven days a week. The variables studied in this research were analyzed descriptively through measures of central tendency (mean and standard deviation, median, according to the nature of the data) and simple frequency and percentage. To compare the pelvic floor functionality (PERFECT Scheme) and its components (strength, endurance, repetition number of slow contractions and rapid contractions) with the physical activity of older test was used one-way ANOVA. The significance level was 5%. It stands in the old marital status of widows (43.1%), living with family members (43.1%), with schooling from 5 to 8 years of education (43.1%), catholic (78 4%), retired (33.3%) and family income between 1 and 2 minimum wages (43.1%). Older practice physical activity on average for 10 (± 9.24) years, two (2) times a week. Most older does not practice other physical activity apart from the data in the university program. The median of the pelvic floor components were: 3 to force, 2 seconds for strength, 3 and 4 to repeat for fast fibers. It follows that although the pelvic floor strength is considered good, there is no relationship of physical activity in counts per minute and pelvic floor function, which demonstrates that the older group is very homogeneous in terms of these variables. / O trato urinário inferior sofre modificações com o passar da idade que podem resultar em disfunções como a redução da capacidade vesical e a diminuição da habilidade de adiar a micção. Estudos voltados ao assoalho pélvico e ao nível de atividade física de mulheres idosas ainda são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a funcionalidade do assoalho pélvico de mulheres idosas ativas fisicamente. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo quantitativa. Foram critérios de inclusão da amostra: mulheres com 60 anos ou mais de idade, função cognitiva preservada, avaliada pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental, com independência funcional medido pela Escala de Katz. A amostra foi composta por 51 idosas, sendo a média de idade 67,8 (±5,2) anos participantes de um programa de extensão universitária de uma universidade pública do sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se como instrumentos de pesquisa a ficha diagnóstica com dados de identificação, características sociodemográficas, condições de saúde, aspectos uroginecológicos e prática de atividade física regular, por meio da entrevista e, a avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico, realizado por meio do Esquema PERFECT. A avaliação do nível de atividade fisica foi realizada através do uso do acelerômetro, durante sete dias da semana. As variáveis estudadas nessa pesquisa foram analisadas descritivamente por meio de medidas de tendência central (média e desvio padrão; mediana, conforme a natureza dos dados) e frequência simples e porcentagem. Para comparar a funcionalidade do assoalho pélvico (Esquema PERFECT) e seus componentes (força, resistência, número de repetição das contrações lentas e contrações rápidas) com a atividade física das idosas foi utilizado o teste ANOVA one-way. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Destaca-se nas idosas os estado civil de viúvas (43,1%), vivendo com os familiares (43,1%), com a escolaridade de 5 a 8 anos de estudos (43,1%), da religião católica (78,4%), aposentadas (33,3%) e com a renda familiar entre 1 e 2 salários mínimos (43,1%). As idosas praticam atividade física em média há 10(± 9,24) anos, 2(duas) vezes na semana. A maioria das idosas não pratica outra atividade física além das disponibilizadas no programa da universidade. As medianas dos componentes do assoalho pélvico foram: 3 para força, 2 segundos para resistência, 3 para repetição e 4 para fibras rápidas. Conclui-se que apesar da força do assoalho pélvico ser considerada boa, não há relação da atividade física em counts por minuto e a funcionalidade do assoalho pélvico, o que demonstra que o grupo de idosas é muito homogêneo em termos destas variáveis.