Orientador: João Pedro Pezzato / Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar e analisar a participação de leitores escritores presos e presas em três presídios do sul do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, que aderiram, durante os anos de 2015 e 2017, ao projeto “Remição pela Leitura”, no âmbito do sistema prisional brasileiro. Esse projeto integrador fundamenta-se na Lei Nº 12.433/2011, que dispõe sobre a remição de parte do tempo de execução da pena por estudo ou por trabalho, e na Portaria Conjunta JF/DEPEN N.º 276/2012, do Ministro Corregedor-geral da Justiça Federal e do Diretor-geral do Departamento Penitenciário Nacional, que disciplina o Projeto da “Remição pela Leitura” no Sistema Penitenciário Federal. Em Minas Gerais, o projeto “Remição pela Leitura” foi instituído pela Resolução Conjunta SEDS/TJMG N° 204/2016. A partir de uma perspectiva de pesquisa qualitativa, e adotando um caminho de investigação denominado Paradigma Indiciário, foram analisadas as resenhas elaboradas por presos leitores sob o ponto de vista da experiência de leitura e escrita. O paradigma indiciário busca interpretar os escritos mediante a observação de sinais e indícios reveladores de significados. A fundamentação teórica baseia-se em documentos legais (BRASIL, 2011, 2012; MINAS GERAIS, 2016) e produções teóricas de autores como Petit (2008; 2013), Iser (1996a; 1996b; 1999; 2002), Cândido (2004), Larrosa (2002a; 2002b), Jauss (1994; 2002), Manguel (1997; 2004), Calvino (1982; 1993; 1994; 2001) dentre outros. A questão que s... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The current research aims to investigate and analyze the participation of readers writers imprisoned in three prisons in the southern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, that joined, during the years of 2015 and 2017, the project "Remission for Reading", within the brazilian prison system. This integrative project is based on the Law Nº 12.433/2011, which provides the remission of part of the penalty execution time due to study or work, and in the Joint Ordinance JF/DEPEN N.º 276/2012, of the Minister of the Comptroller General of the Federal Court and the general Director of the National Penitentiary Department, which disciplines the "Remission for Reading" Project in the Federal Penitentiary System. In Minas Gerais, the project "Remission for Reading" was instituted by the Joint Resolution SEDS/TJMG N° 204/2016. From a qualitative research perspective, and adopting an inquiry path entitled Indiciary Paradigm, were analyzed the reviews elaborated by imprisoned readers from the point of view of the experience of reading and writing. The indiciary paradigm seeks to interpret the writings through the observation of signs and evidence that reveal meanings. The theoretical construct is based on legal documents (BRASIL, 2011, 2012, MINAS GERAIS, 2016) and theoretical productions of authors such as Petit (2008; 2013), Iser (1996a; 1996b; 1999; 2002), Cândido (2004), Larrosa (2002a; 2002b), Jauss (1994; 2002), Manguel (1997; 2009), Calvino (1982; 1993; 1994; 2001), among others. The ques... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: La presente investigación tiene como objetivo investigar y analizar la participación de lectores escritores presos y presas en tres cárceles del sur del estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, que se adhirieron, durante los años 2015 y 2017, al proyecto "Remisión por la lectura" en el marco del sistema penitenciario brasileño. Este proyecto integrador se fundamenta en la Ley Nº 12.433 / 2011, que dispone sobre la remisión de parte del tiempo de ejecución de la pena por estudio o por trabajo, y en la Portaria Conjunta JF / DEPEN Nº 276/2012, del Ministro Corregidor- de la Justicia Federal y del Director General del Departamento Penitenciario Nacional, que disciplina el Proyecto de la "Remisión por la Lectura" en el Sistema Penitenciario Federal. En Minas Gerais, el proyecto "Remisión por la Lectura" fue instituido por la Resolución Conjunta SEDS / TJMG N ° 204/2016. A partir de una perspectiva de investigación cualitativa, y adoptando un camino de investigación denominado Paradigma Indiciario, se analizaron las reseñas elaboradas por presos lectores desde el punto de vista de la experiencia de lectura y escritura. El paradigma indiciario busca interpretar los escritos mediante la observación de signos e indicios reveladores de significados. La fundamentación teórica se basa en documentos legales (BRASIL, 2011, 2012, MINAS GERAIS, 2016) y producciones teóricas de autores como Petit (2008, 2013), Iser (1996a, 1996b, 1999, 2002), Cándido (2004), (2002, 2002b), Jauss (1994; 2002), Manguel... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Doutor

Submitted by Kelson Anthony de Menezes (kelson@ucb.br) on 2016-10-18T16:39:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelStanleiMonteiroDissertacao2014.pdf: 1251084 bytes, checksum: afa38f20436a6e1254867ae41af7763c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T16:39:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelStanleiMonteiroDissertacao2014.pdf: 1251084 bytes, checksum: afa38f20436a6e1254867ae41af7763c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-13 / This research investigated the existence of representative agents ' consumption habit of the Brazilian economy, using for this purpose, the model of Dubey, Geanakoplos and Shubik (2005), which received the incorporation of a term that represents the penalty applied to agents who take credit and subsequently missing with their financial commitments. It was used the model known as the Consumption-Based Capital Asset Pricing Model-CCAPM, to assign to the model of Dubey, Geanakoplos and Shubik (2005) generalization of infinite periods, instead of just two periods. Thus, to meet the objectives of this research, it has been estimated, through two utility functions, using the Generalized Method of Moments GMM, the inter-temporal discount factor consumption, also known as the impatience of the agents, the coefficient of relative risk aversion and the parameter that governs the separability of the time consumption. In addition, the penalty rate was calculated and, also, the scroll rate of these agents, debt relating to these calculations and estimates, information on the Brazilian economy, since 2000, making it possible to conclude that, for the period under examination, existed the habit in the consumption of representative agents, all of whom were penalized whenever preferred not to pay their obligations, which occasioned in the scrolling your debt. In addition, it was concluded that these agents are impatient and risk-averse and, also, that the important role played credit to contribute to growth and economic development. / Esta disserta????o investigou a exist??ncia do h??bito no consumo dos agentes representativos da economia brasileira, utilizando, para tanto, o modelo de Dubey, Geanakoplos e Shubik (2005), que recebeu a incorpora????o de um termo que representa a penalidade aplicada aos agentes que tomam cr??dito e, posteriormente, faltam com seus compromissos financeiros assumidos. Utilizou-se, ainda, o modelo conhecido como Consumption-Based Capital Asset Pricing Model CCAPM, para que fosse poss??vel atribuir ao modelo de Dubey, Geanakoplos e Shubik (2005) a generaliza????o de infinitos per??odos, ao inv??s de apenas dois per??odos. Assim, para atender aos objetivos desta pesquisa, estimou-se, atrav??s de duas fun????es de utilidade, pelo M??todo dos Momentos Generalizados GMM, o fator de desconto intertemporal do consumo, tamb??m conhecido como a impaci??ncia dos agentes, o coeficiente de avers??o relativa ao risco e o par??metro que rege a separabilidade do consumo no tempo. Al??m disso, foi calculada a taxa penalidade e, tamb??m, a taxa da rolagem da d??vida desses agentes, relacionando a esses c??lculos e estima????es, informa????es sobre a economia brasileira, desde 2000, o que possibilitou concluir que, para o per??odo analisado, existiu o h??bito no consumo dos agentes representativos, os quais foram penalizados sempre que preferiram n??o pagar seus compromissos assumidos, o que ocasionou na rolagem de sua d??vida. Al??m disso, chegou-se ?? conclus??o de que esses agentes s??o impacientes e avessos ao risco e, tamb??m, que o cr??dito desempenhou o importante papel de contribuir para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento econ??mico.

The study analyzed a convenience sample of published accounts of death penalty cases and life without parole cases. The objective of the study was to explore factors that influence the selection of cases for coverage in books, think tank reports (e.g., Heritage Foundation), and periodicals and factors related to coverage of homicides resulting in a death penalty sentence or a life without parole sentence (often termed “America’s other death penalty”). Since this study was exploratory, hypotheses were not offered. However, prior research on the death penalty and on life without parole offered several clues. For example, since black offender/white victim homicides were more likely to result in a death penalty sentence, it was expected that such homicides would more likely to be covered. Since conservatives were more likely to favor the death penalty and liberals were likely to oppose it, it was expected that coverage would vary by how conservative or liberal the coverage source. For example, how the Heritage Foundation covered cases was expected to be different from coverage by Human Rights Watch. In summary, my study revealed opposite results of previous research studies. The results of my study are probably skewed because of the small sample size. A bigger sample size would more than likely resulted in more accurate and reliable results.

Ordinal response variables abound in scientific and quantitative analyses, whose outcomes comprise a few categorical values that admit a natural ordering, so that their values are often represented by non-negative integers, for instance, pain score (0-10) or disease severity (0-4) in medical research. Ordinal variables differ from rational variables in that its values delineate qualitative rather than quantitative differences. In this thesis, we develop new statistical methods for variable selection in a high-dimensional cumulative link regression model with an ordinal response. Our study is partly motivated by the needs for exploring the association structure between disease phenotype and high-dimensional medical covariates. The cumulative link regression model specifies that the ordinal response of interest results from an order-preserving quantization of some latent continuous variable that bears a linear regression relationship with a set of covariates. Commonly used error distributions in the latent regression include the normal distribution, the logistic distribution, the Cauchy distribution and the standard Gumbel distribution (minimum). The cumulative link model with normal (logit, Gumbel) errors is also known as the ordered probit (logit, complementary log-log) model. While the likelihood function has a closed-form solution for the aforementioned error distributions, its strong nonlinearity renders direct optimization of the likelihood to sometimes fail. To mitigate this problem and to facilitate extension to penalized likelihood estimation, we proposed specific minorization-maximization (MM) algorithms for maximum likelihood estimation of a cumulative link model for each of the preceding 4 error distributions. Penalized ordinal regression models play a role when variable selection needs to be performed. In some applications, covariates may often be grouped according to some meaningful way but some groups may be mixed in that they contain both relevant and irrelevant variables, i.e., whose coefficients are non-zero and zero, respectively. Thus, it is pertinent to develop a consistent method for simultaneously selecting relevant groups and the relevant variables within each selected group, which constitutes the so-called bi-level selection problem. We have proposed to use a penalized maximum likelihood approach with a composite bridge penalty to solve the bi-level selection problem in a cumulative link model. An MM algorithm was developed for implementing the proposed method, which is specific to each of the 4 error distributions. The proposed approach is shown to enjoy a number of desirable theoretical properties including bi-level selection consistency and oracle properties, under suitable regularity conditions. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method enjoys good empirical performance. We illustrated the proposed methods with several real medical applications.

本研究採用Dhaliwal, Krull, Li, and Moser (2005)之實證模型研究投資相關稅負對企業權益資金成本的影響。Dhaliwal et al. (2005)利用股利所得與資本利得最高級距稅率計算股利稅租稅罰，然而，使用最高級距稅率計算而得知代理變數恐無法完全捕捉稅負對資金成本的影響，因此本研究參考許崇源、俞洪昭、洪盈斌與戚務君 （2000），假設在個人董監事等大股東之所得稅率較一般散戶為高的前提下，以個人董監事持股比例做為個人股東邊際稅率之替代變數，再計算股利稅租稅罰之代理變數。 本研究利用台灣經濟新報資料庫（簡稱TEJ資料庫）取得台灣上市櫃公司2000年至2009年之財務資料，進行迴歸分析。實證結果顯示，因股利所得稅率與證券交易所得稅率差異造成的股利稅租稅罰，會使得權益資金成本上升；而且因為機構投資人較一般投資人享有較多租稅優惠，造成其適用稅率較低；而公司的邊際投資人又多為機構投資人，因此機構投資人持股可減輕股利稅租稅罰造成權益資金成本上升的情形。 / This study uses the empirical model proposed by Dhaliwal, Krull, Li, and Moser (2005) to examine the effect of investment tax on the cost of equity capital. Dhaliwal et al. (2005) used the top statutory tax rates on dividends and capital gains to get the variable “penalty”; however, it may not perfectly capture the dividend tax penalty. We follow the assumption that individual directors and supervisors may adopt higher tax rate than other individual stockholders (Hsu, Yu, Hung, and ,Chi 2000), then derive the variable “penalty” by using the rate of shares owned by individual directors and supervisors as the proxy variable of individual stockholder‟s marginal tax rate. This study uses the financial data of listed companies in Taiwan via Taiwan Economic Journal database (TEJ database) from 2000 to 2009 for regression analysis. The empirical results show that the dividend tax penalty resulting from the difference between the tax rate on dividend and capital gain increase the cost of equity capital. Furthermore, institutional investors always receive more favorable tax treatment than individual investors, making them adopt lower tax rate, and a firm‟s marginal investor is more likely to be an institutional investor, therefore the aggregate institutional ownership mitigates the increase of cost of equity capital.

<p>The purpose with this essay has been to describe and understand why youth community service became a penalty in Sweden. The political discourse in which youth community service was established has been analyzed with Laclau & Mouffe´s discourse theory. A social constructivist onset and a discourse analysis were the methodological tools of the essay. The result is two folded. Youth community service was created to strengthen the constitutional state, combined with high beliefs of the social services competence. Furthermore the images of the youth offenders had an impact on the argumentation, as well as an ambition to keep the youths outside of the correctional treatment system. The evaluation ten years later showed good results from the new penalty, and wanted to increase the legal security for the youth offenders by making youth community service prescribed by law. The content as well as the intended group the penalty was designed for, has been changed a lot since 1997 when the idea was born.</p>

The purpose with this essay has been to describe and understand why youth community service became a penalty in Sweden. The political discourse in which youth community service was established has been analyzed with Laclau &amp; Mouffe´s discourse theory. A social constructivist onset and a discourse analysis were the methodological tools of the essay. The result is two folded. Youth community service was created to strengthen the constitutional state, combined with high beliefs of the social services competence. Furthermore the images of the youth offenders had an impact on the argumentation, as well as an ambition to keep the youths outside of the correctional treatment system. The evaluation ten years later showed good results from the new penalty, and wanted to increase the legal security for the youth offenders by making youth community service prescribed by law. The content as well as the intended group the penalty was designed for, has been changed a lot since 1997 when the idea was born.

In the past two decades or so, feminist historians have sifted through the copious illustrations of the turbulent, emotion-ridden years of early nineteenth-century American revivalism to devote considerable attention to the rise of female evangelism. Despite the notable upsurge, scholars generally remain untutored about the plethora of powerful female preachers who devoted their lives to advancing the kingdom of God. This dissertation seeks to resurrect the voice of one such woman: Dorothy Ripley (1767- 1831), an evangelist from Whitby, England, whose personal and evangelical awakening rivaled the revolutionary power of the revivalism sweeping the new Republic. Citing her direct mandate from God to preach, Dorothy grasped religion and reshaped it into a spiritually, culturally, and politically altering device. She became the first woman to preach before the U.S. Congress, composed five literary volumes (most of which she published herself and in multiple editions), crossed the Atlantic as many as nineteen times, and traveled up and down the Eastern Seaboard to preach among the different levels of society in a variety of settings. As an unlicensed, unsanctioned preacher, Dorothy defied powerful social and religious conventions by her solitary travel, scriptural exegesis, public performances, and presumption of the patriarchally assigned and protected role of preacher. She strove to proclaim the gospel even at the expense of reputation, family ties, home and hearth, marriage and motherhood, and personal security. Her rebelliousness allowed her to rise above the backstage role commonly assigned to, and accepted by, women of the early Republic. Her works serve as cultural artifacts by providing eyewitness accounts spotlighting the problems inherent in the formative years of a Republic reeling with the headiness of self-rule: the tension between Protestantism and American capitalism, the conflict between an emerging elite and the increasingly dissatisfied lower class, the misogyny of the cult of domesticity and separate spheres, the embryonic stages of widespread social reform, and the virulent ethnocentrism of the rhetoric of Manifest Destiny. Through an examination of her spiritual autobiographies, this dissertation seeks to enrich scholarly understanding of women’s influence in the evolution of evangelization, abolitionism, women’s rights, and social service.

Regression analysis refers to techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables in statistical learning. There are various types of regression models. In our study, we analyzed Generalized Partial Linear Models (GPLMs), which decomposes input variables into two sets, and additively combines classical linear models with nonlinear model part. By separating linear models from nonlinear ones, an inverse problem method Tikhonov regularization was applied for the nonlinear submodels separately, within the entire GPLM. Such a particular representation of submodels provides both a better accuracy and a better stability (regularity) under noise in the data. We aim to smooth the nonparametric part of GPLM by using a modified form of Multiple Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) which is very useful for high-dimensional problems and does not impose any specific relationship between the predictor and dependent variables. Instead, it can estimate the contribution of the basis functions so that both the additive and interaction effects of the predictors are allowed to determine the dependent variable. The MARS algorithm has two steps: the forward and backward stepwise algorithms. In the rst one, the model is built by adding basis functions until a maximum level of complexity is reached. On the other hand, the backward stepwise algorithm starts with removing the least significant basis functions from the model. In this study, we propose to use a penalized residual sum of squares (PRSS) instead of the backward stepwise algorithm and construct PRSS for MARS as a Tikhonov regularization problem. Besides, we provide numeric example with two data sets / one has interaction and the other one does not have. As well as studying the regularization of the nonparametric part, we also mention theoretically the regularization of the parametric part. Furthermore, we make a comparison between Infinite Kernel Learning (IKL) and Tikhonov regularization by using two data sets, with the difference consisting in the (non-)homogeneity of the data set. The thesis concludes with an outlook on future research.

<p>I detta arbete undersöks hur bestraffningsmetoder för att bestraffa storleken på GP-program påverkar generaliseringsförmågan. Arbetet grundar sig på ett arbete som Cavaretta och Chellapilla gjort, där de undersöker skillnaden i generaliseringsförmåga mellan bestraffningsmetoden ”Complexity Penalty functions” och ingen bestraffningsmetod.</p><p>I detta arbete har nya experiment gjorts med ”Complexity Penalty functions” och ”Adaptive parsimony pressure”, som är en annan bestraffningsmetod. Dessa bestraffningsmetoder har undersökts i samma domän som Cavaretta och Chellapilla och ytterligare i en domän för att ge en bättre bild av hur de generaliserar.</p><p>I arbetet visar det sig att användningen av någon av bestraffningsmetoderna ”Complexity Penalty functions” och ”Adaptive parsimony pressure” oftast ger bättre generaliseringsförmåga hos GP-program. Detta motsäger det Cavaretta och Chellapilla kommer fram till i sitt arbete. ”Adaptive parsimony pressure” verkar också vara bättre på att generalisera än ”Complexity Penalty functions”.</p>