Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:44:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TANIA SUELY DA SILVA FERREIRA.pdf: 3926437 bytes, checksum: 2cdea3471708869db862fd41f21dcc14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Perception studies have a fundamental importance to understand the correlation between human beings and the natural environment. This research aimed to identify the perception of sustainable environments and its relationship with health. The approach to establish this relation took in consideration how the population deals with solid waste. The study was applied to a group of families from the Beira-Rio neighborhood in partnership with the local Community Health Workers (CHW). In total a hundred surveys were answered by residents and seven by CHW from the covered area. The survey tried to identify the correlation between the knowledge about environmental issues and the population s quality of life. The research pointed out different ways of environmental degradation in the neighborhood. The majority of the interviewed families consume water without proper treatment, which shows the lack of a sewage system in the area. Additionally, we conclude that there are other relevant issues in the community such as security. The CHW as an important pillar of the health services system should consider more the environmental issues in the population s daily health treatment and to preserve the ecosystem for the next generations. / Estudos no campo da percepção são de fundamental importância para compreender a inter-relação entre o homem e o meio ambiente. Esta pesquisa buscou identificar a percepção sobre saúde e meio ambiente na comunidade da área de abrangência da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no bairro Beira Rio. Bem como, identificar ações de educação ambiental junto à população em áreas adstrita da ESF. Foram aplicados questionários com 100 pessoas residentes na área de abrangência da equipe saúde da família e com 07 agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) da mesma equipe, para saber qual a percepção dos sujeitos sobre questões ambientais e a relação destas com a qualidade de vida. A pesquisa apontou aspectos importantes que colaboram com a degradação ambiental de diversas formas e também identificou o nível de satisfação das pessoas em morar próximo ao rio Tocantins. Os resultados apontam ainda a falta de um sistema de esgoto e que a maioria consome água sem tratamento no domicílio. Conclui-se que além desses problemas há outros aspectos de maior relevância para a comunidade como a questão da segurança. Ao considerar o ACS um pilar da organização dos serviços de saúde, considera-se importante refletir sobre questões ambientais nas práticas de saúde para melhoria da qualidade de vida e preservação dos ecossistemas às gerações presentes e futuras.

Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-07-22T23:57:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O IRACEMA LUA.pdf: 1927753 bytes, checksum: 529b5dc086281d12b0c563f14ce3f3ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T23:57:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O IRACEMA LUA.pdf: 1927753 bytes, checksum: 529b5dc086281d12b0c563f14ce3f3ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / We emphasize in this survey the illness of the worker concerned individual and collective damage that affects the quality of services provided for, with emphasis on nursing professionals, related to the direct contribution to the quality of care and the high stress loads which these professionals are exposed to, in their environment job. Due to female predominance in this category was necessary to approach gender issues in order to analyze the risks of exposure and morbidity profiles no longer under a biological vision, considering social factors in epidemiological analyzes. Considering such problems, we aimed to analyze the factors that are associated with conditions of physical and mental health workers in primary care nursing in Bahia. As a methodological approach, a cross sectional study was conducted in five cities in Bahia in 2011-2013, with a sample of 451 nursing workers. An 8-section questionnaire was elaborated relating to sociodemographic lifestyle, employment status, psychosocial aspects of working, perception of work and life, and health status. The Self Reporting Questionnaire - SRQ - 20 was used to track TMC and self -rated health was identified from the question: "In general, comparing yourself to people of your age, how have you considered your health?" To verify the factors associated with the outcome, we used the analysis of logistic regression in blocks. On considering the results, we identified 16.2 % prevalence of Common Mental Disorders, and 15.8 % of negative self-rated health status, and such occurrences were associated with several factors. The variables statistically associated with TMC, in the final model of analysis were: occupation, workweek, personal safety threatened at work, overload housework, the effort-reward model (ERI ), self-satisfaction, assessment of quality of life and self-rated health. While for the negative self-rated health status, the variables that best were applied were: compatibility of the activities, overload housework, according to the Karasek?s demand-control model, evaluation of quality of life and common mental disorders. Our results reinforce and renew the scientific evidence on subject, reaffirming the relationship between the health-disease process and work, be it professional or domestic as well as the present association between physical fitness and mental health. We highlight the importance of psychosocial aspects of work on workers' health, as evidenced by the association of outcomes with the demand-control model or the effort - reward imbalance model ( ERI ). The results of the study direct relevance to discussions and changes in the nursing work organizations in an attempt to minimize stress and occupational dissatisfaction, and promote health in this category. / Aponta-se que o adoecimento do trabalhador causa danos individuais e coletivos, interfererindo na qualidade dos servi?os prestados, com ?nfase para os profissionais de enfermagem, pela direta atribui??o com a qualidade da assist?ncia e pelas elevadas cargas de estresse ?s quais esses profissionais est?o expostos em seu ambiente de trabalho. Pela predomin?ncia feminina desta categoria foram abordadas ainda as quest?es de g?nero, a fim de se analisar os riscos de exposi??o e os perfis de morbimortalidade, n?o mais sob vis?o biologicista, considerando os fatores sociais nas an?lises epidemiol?gicas. Face a tais quest?es, objetivou-se analisar os fatores que est?o associados ?s condi??es de sa?de f?sica e mental em trabalhadoras de enfermagem da aten??o b?sica na Bahia. Adotou-se como procedimento metodol?gico um estudo transversal em cinco cidades baianas entre 2011-2013, com uma amostra de 451 trabalhadoras de enfermagem. Utilizou-se um question?rio com 8 blocos de quest?es referentes ?s caracter?sticas sociodemogr?ficas, h?bitos de vida, situa??o de trabalho, aspectos psicossociais do trabalho, percep??o do trabalho e da vida e situa??o de sa?de. O Self Reporting Questionnaire - SRQ-20 foi utilizado para rastrear TMC e a autoavalia??o do estado de sa?de foi identificada a partir da pergunta: ?De modo geral, em compara??o ?s pessoas da sua idade, como voc? considera o seu pr?prio estado de sa?de?? Para verificar os fatores associados aos desfechos, empregou-se a an?lise de regress?o log?stica em blocos. Considerando os resultados, foram identificadas preval?ncia de transtornos mentais comuns de 16,2% e de autoavalia??o negativa do estado de sa?de de 15,8%, estando essas ocorr?ncias associadas a fatores diversos. As vari?veis estatisticamente associadas ao TMC, no modelo final de an?lise, foram: categoria profissional, jornada de trabalho semanal, seguran?a pessoal amea?ada no trabalho, sobrecarga dom?stica, desequil?brio esfor?o-recompensa (ERI), satisfa??o consigo mesmo, avalia??o da qualidade de vida e autoavalia??o do estado de sa?de. Enquanto que, para a autoavalia??o negativa do estado de sa?de, as vari?veis que melhor se aplicaram foram: compatibilidade das atividades desenvolvidas, sobrecarga dom?stica, situa??o de trabalho segundo o Modelo Demanda-Controle de Karasek, avalia??o da qualidade de vida e transtornos mentais comuns. Os resultados encontrados refor?am e renovam as evid?ncias cient?ficas sobre o tema, reafirmando a rela??o entre o processo sa?de-doen?a e o trabalho, seja ele profissional ou dom?stico, bem como a associa??o presente entre a sa?de f?sica e mental. Destaca-se a import?ncia dos aspectos psicossociais do trabalho na sa?de das trabalhadoras, evidenciada pela associa??o dos desfechos com o Modelo Demanda-Controle ou com o Modelo desequil?brio Esfor?o-Recompensa (ERI). Os resultados desse estudo direcionam para a relev?ncia de discuss?es e mudan?as nas organiza??es de trabalho da enfermagem nos servi?os de aten??o b?sica na tentativa de minimizar o estresse e a insatisfa??o ocupacional, e promover a sa?de dessa categoria, bem como a qualidade da assist?ncia prestada por estes.

Abstract According to the literature, postpartum depression affects 10–15% of all mothers giving birth. The purpose of this study is to examine the time after a child is born in the everyday life of a family from the salutogenic perspective. The target group of the 'Lapsiperhe 1992' survey were the married and cohabiting couples living in the region of the city of Oulu who were expecting their first child and had the due date between 1 February 1992 and 31 January 1993. The study evaluated the mood of the mothers quantitatively using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) during pregnancy and after childbirth. The relationships of the couples were studied using parts of Spaniers's (1976) Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and part of Bienvenu's Marital Communication Inventory that were combined to form a relationship questionnaire. Altogether 85% of the mothers (n = 558) participated in the study before giving birth and 74% (n = 487) after childbirth. As many as 472 of those who answered both questionnaires (n = 475) also filled in the EPDS questionnaire. Altogether 10.4% (n = 58) exceeded the cut-off point of 13 points, according to the EPDS, during pregnancy and 8.3% (n = 39) after childbirth. The questionnaire on moods during pregnancy and perception of the relationship were analysed by means of cross-tabulation for those subjects who answered both the questionnaire on moods and the relationship questionnaire (n = 461). In this study, the questionnaire on moods was divided into two categories, EPDS ≤ 12 and EPDS ≥13, similar to the relationship questionnaire < 70 (n = 43, 9.3%) and relationship questionnaire ≥ 70 (n = 418, 90.7%). If the relationship was considered bad (< 70) the risk of developing depression during pregnancy was 4.7 times higher (RR = 4.7, 95% confidence interval 2.8–8), and after childbirth 5.5 times higher (RR = 5.5, 95% confidence interval 3.1–9.6). The qualitative section of the study identifies the resources for recovery used by the subjects. A focused interview was carried out with 29 mothers during their maternity leave, 3–10 months after childbirth. The subjects for the interview were selected on the basis of the EPDS questionnaire and they formed three groups: EPDS ≤ 5 (n = 13), EPDS ≥ 13 (n = 13) and others (n = 3). The method of analysis used was the grounded theory method. Many of those who had exceeded the cut-off point felt they had suffered from passing melancholy or they had problems in their marital relationship. Those who suffered from severe depression also had coping methods. The most important coping methods were seeking social support, taking distance, physical exercise, relaxation by reading, cognitive methods, religion and humour. The support given by one's husband or significant other played an essential role in recovery. It is important to make a difference between depression diagnosed using the EPDS and clinically diagnosed depression, in order to avoid medicalisation. / Tiivistelmä Aikaisemman tutkimuksen mukaan synnytyksen jälkeinen masennus koskettaa 10–15 % kaikista synnyttäjistä. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia salutogeenisestä näkökulmasta lapsen syntymän jälkeistä aikaa perheen arkielämässä. Kohdeväestönä Lapsiperhe 1992 -tutkimuksessa olivat ne avio- ja avoparit Oulun kaupungin alueella, jotka odottivat ensimmäistä lastaan ja joiden laskettu aika oli 1.2.1992–31.1.1993. Tutkimuksessa arvioitiin kvantitatiivisesti äitien mielialaa käyttäen EPDS-kyselyä (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) odotusaikana ja synnytyksen jälkeen. Parisuhdetta tutkittiin käyttäen osaa Spanierin (1976) kehittämästä kyselystä (Dyadic Adjustment Scale, DAS) sekä osaa Bienvenun aviopuolisoitten vuorovaikutuskyselystä, joista muodostettiin parisuhdekysely. Tutkimukseen osallistui 85 % äideistä (n = 558 ) ennen synnytystä ja 74 % (n = 487) synnytyksen jälkeen. Molempiin kyselyihin vastanneista (n = 475) EPDS-kysely oli täytetty 472:lla. 10,4 % (n = 58) ylitti katkaisupistemäärän 13 pistettä EPDS-mittarin mukaan raskausaikana, ja 8,3 % (n = 39) synnytyksen jälkeen. Mielialakyselyä odotusaikana ja koettua parisuhdetta on analysoitu ristiintaulukoinnin avulla niiltä vastaajilta, jotka olivat vastanneet sekä mielialakyselyyn että parisuhdekyselyyn (n = 461). Tässä tarkastelussa mielialakysely on jaettu kahteen luokkaan, EPDS ≤ 12 ja EPDS ≥ 13, samoin kuin parisuhdekysely < 70 (n = 43, 9,3 %) ja parisuhdekysely ≥ 70. (n = 418, 90,7 %). Koetun parisuhteen ollessa huono (<  70) riski masentuneisuuden kehittymiselle odotusaikana on 4,7-kertainen (RR = 4,7, 95 %:n luottamusväli 2,8–8), ja synnytyksen jälkeen 5,5-kertainen (RR = 5,5, 95 %:n luottamusväli 3,1–9,6). Laadullisessa osassa kartoitettiin tutkittavien toipumisen resursseja. 29 äidille tehtiin teemahaastattelu äitiysloman aikana 3–10 kuukautta synnytyksen jälkeen. Haastateltavat valittiin EPDS-kyselyn perusteella muodostaen kolme ryhmää: EPDS ≤ 5 (n = 13), EPDS ≥ 13 (n = 13) ja muut (n = 3). Analyysimenetelmänä oli grounded teoria -menetelmä. Monet kynnyspisteen ylittäneet kokivat itse kärsineensä ohimenevästä alakuloisuudesta tai heillä oli parisuhdeongelmia. Myös niillä, jotka kärsivät vakavasta masennustilasta, oli käytössään coping-keinoja. Tärkeimmät coping- keinot olivat sosiaalisen tuen hakeminen, etäisyydenotto, liikuntaharrastus, rentoutuminen lukemalla, kognitiiviset keinot, uskonnollisuus ja huumori. Puolison tuki oli oleellinen tekijä toipumisessa. Medikalisaation välttämiseksi on tärkeää tehdä ero EPDS-mittarilla todetun masentuneisuuden ja kliinisesti todetun depression välillä.

INTRODUCTION: Health perceptionisanindicatorused in healthsurveysthat, whilesubjective, providesaneffective, rapidandcost-effectivemeasure for thehealthofpopulationgroups. OBJECTIVE:Toverifythefactorsassociatedwith negative perceptionofhealthandqualityoflife in theelderly. METHODS:thisis a researchcharacterized as a cross-sectionalstudy. The researchpopulationwascomposedofelderlypeopleregistered in thedatabase SIAB - Basic AttentionInformation System. The sampleconsistedof 224 elderlyindividualsfromthecityof Cedro de São João (SE), with a mean age of 70.58 ± 6.43 years. A tool compiledfromthe ABEP, WHOQOL-BREF, IPAQ and Senior Fitness Test (SFT) questionnaires was used to describe the socioeconomiclevel, the perception of quality of life and health satisfaction, physicalactivity levels and the measurement of Respectively. Binarylogisticregressionwasusedwithsignificancelevelof 5% organized in a univariateandmultivariatemodel. SPSS version 22 wasused for statisticaltreatment.RESULTS:Thevariables: "poor" upperlimbflexibility OR = 2.43 (1.37 - 4.31) and "poor" lowerlimbflexibility OR = 2.69 (1.54 - 4.69) had a significantassociationwith Negative Perceived Health Negative Perception. For the negative perceptionofqualityoflife, the financial personresponsible "no" OR = 0.33 (0.12 - 0.85) presentedloweroddsof negative perceptionofqualityoflife. The "bad" flexibilityoflowerlimbsgross OR = 2.52 (1.45 - 4.39) andadjusted OR = 2.42 (1.38 - 4.24) showedalmostthree times greateroddsof negative perceptionofqualityoflife.CONCLUSION:Thesociodemographicfactorsdidnotpresent a significantassociation for the negative perceptionofhealth. The financial controller in thecrudeandadjustedmodelwas quite significant, presentinganassociationrelationwiththe negative perceptionofqualityoflife. Analyzingthefunctionalvariablestheupperandlowerlimbflexibilitywereassociatedwiththe negative perceptionofhealth in theadjustedandmultivariatemode. In the negative perceptionofqualityoflife, onlytheflexibilityoflowerlimbswasassociated. / INTRODUÇÃO: A percepção de saúde é um indicador utilizado em inquéritos de saúde que, embora subjetivo, propicia uma medida eficaz, rápida e de baixo custo sobre a saúde de grupos populacionais. OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à percepção negativa de saúde e qualidade de vida em idosos. MÉTODOS: trata-se de uma pesquisa caracterizada como estudo transversal. A população da pesquisa foi composta de idosos cadastrados na base de dados SIAB – Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica. A amostra foi composta por 224 idosos do município de Cedro de São João (SE), com média de idade de 70,58±6,43 anos. Utilizou-se instrumento compilado a partir dos questionários ABEP, WHOQOL-BREF, IPAQ e Sênior Fitness Test (SFT) para descrição do nível socioeconômico, a percepção de qualidade de vida e satisfação com a saúde, os níveis de atividade física e a mensuração da aptidão física, respectivamente. Foi utilizada a regressão logística binária com nível de significância de 5% organizada em modelo univariado e multivariado. Para tratamento estatístico foi utilizado o SPSS versão 22. RESULTADOS: As variáveis: flexibilidade “ruim” de membro superior OR= 2,43 (1,37 – 4,31) e flexibilidade “ruim” de membro inferior OR= 2,69 (1,54 – 4,69) apresentaram associação significativa com o desfecho percepção negativa de saúde. Para a percepção negativa de qualidade de vida, o responsável financeiro “não”OR= 0,33 (0,12 – 0,85)apresentou menores chances de percepção negativa de qualidade de vida. A flexibilidade “ruim” de membros inferiores bruta OR= 2,52 (1,45 – 4,39) e ajustada OR= 2,42 (1,38 – 4,24) mostraram ter quase três vezes maiores chances de percepção negativa de qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores sociodemográficos não apresentaram associação significativa para a percepção negativa de saúde. O responsável financeiro no modelo bruto e ajustado foi bastante significativo, apresentando relação de associação com a percepção negativa de qualidade de vida. Analisando as variáveis funcionais a flexibilidade de membros superiores e inferiores estiveram associadas à percepção negativa de saúde no modo ajustado e multivariável. Na percepção negativa de qualidade de vida se manteve associado apenas a flexibilidade de membros inferiores. / São Cristóvão, SE

Most of mining operations in Indonesia use open pit mine methods, with truck and shovel system and a large amount of manpower. The mining industry plays an important role contributed to the national economy and development in Indonesia, otherwise the mine accidents become as sensitive issue or problem. The main cause of mine accidents is still dominant of the low safety awarenesses and accountabilities, and also improperly cost spent on the occupational health and safety (OSH) programs. This thesis describes the concept behind the return on prevention and workers‟ perception descriptive analyses of the occupational health and safety in relation to improve safety performances. The proactive action plan related to accidents prevention is as an essential step of the risk management processes. Participation and intervention for all employees are important and urgent, especially for the frontline workers, which are crucial in achieving good safety performances with financial support properly. The main objective of this study evaluates of the workers‟ perception and cost spent on the occupational health and safety program at the companies in relation to accident prevention efforts. In general, the several objectives are described to evaluate of the mine accident rates, the validity and reliability tests of the questionnaires, workers relationships and suggestions, interviews, observations, and the OSH cost effectiveness. The methods of this study are assessed by the descriptive statistical analysis approaches of the return on prevention with the microeconomic model of the net present value, internal rate of return, and cost benefit analysis to justify the benefits return and the break even point and interventions directly according to the workers‟ perception through questionnaire, interview, and observation. The methodology is assessed by the gathering data obtained from the companies through the surveys of the questionnaire, interview, observation, and the money expenses in the occupational health and safety for the workers. The valuation methods are used by the degree of significance of 95%, margin of error 5%, with total number of respondents are 1,600 persons as sampling which representation of the four surface coal mine companies in Indonesia. The seven elements are a basic assessment approached of the training and education, personal protective equipment, preventive medical check up, employment injury insurance, improvement existing technology, signalization, and organization. The result shows the advantages using these analyses which described the importance of the money invested on OSH and effectiveness of interventions by worker‟s perception in order to prevent accidents at workplace. The effectiveness of interventions to the environment working conditions and workers mindsets directly. The OSH cost invested for workers, in general, will triggers the work performances to be better, and then the occupational health and safety in a strong position to achieve the goals of the company. Improvement safety awareness and accountability of workers shall reduce or prevent accidents at work, and the company should be invested money in the OSH program with the minimum amount is US $ 207.17 per employee or US $ 0.12 per ton of coal produced. The investment of the people and money properly shall give significant impacts in preventing accidents to achieve zero accident vision in order to protect people, property, process and profit of the company for short or long term benefits, and will also give a good images for sustainable in mining business.