Cardiomyocyte perinatal development is characterized by the transition from a hyperplastic to a hypertrophic growth. We hypothesize that genetic factors and processes in the cardiac perinatal transitional program can be identified by a systematic analysis of different stages in heart development. Microarray expression patterning of mRNAs and microRNAs uncovered a perinatal cardiogenomic switch between 5 and 7 days post-birth. Gene ontology analysis revealed cellular and metabolic processes as highly representative Biological Processes. Moreover, approximately 40% of known mice transcription factors are significantly (p<0.05) fluctuating between embryonic day 19 and 10 days post-birth. As the heart matures, cardiomyocytes progressively exit cell cycle with day 5 as a pivotal point. Hypertrophy entails cardiomyocyte binucleation which may be promoted by Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis (Prc1) and its interactors. Temporal cardiac transcription expression analysis provides insight into underlining effectors within the cardiac perinatal transitional program as well as cardiac pathology.

Cardiomyocyte perinatal development is characterized by the transition from a hyperplastic to a hypertrophic growth. We hypothesize that genetic factors and processes in the cardiac perinatal transitional program can be identified by a systematic analysis of different stages in heart development. Microarray expression patterning of mRNAs and microRNAs uncovered a perinatal cardiogenomic switch between 5 and 7 days post-birth. Gene ontology analysis revealed cellular and metabolic processes as highly representative Biological Processes. Moreover, approximately 40% of known mice transcription factors are significantly (p<0.05) fluctuating between embryonic day 19 and 10 days post-birth. As the heart matures, cardiomyocytes progressively exit cell cycle with day 5 as a pivotal point. Hypertrophy entails cardiomyocyte binucleation which may be promoted by Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis (Prc1) and its interactors. Temporal cardiac transcription expression analysis provides insight into underlining effectors within the cardiac perinatal transitional program as well as cardiac pathology.

Theoretical framework: The Theory of Human Caring by Jean Watson was used as a theoretical framework. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe the attitude of nursing patients who go through an induced abortion, from a nurse perspective. Method: This literature review is based on a sample of nine qualitative and quantitative studies, collected in the databases Cinahl, PubMed and PsycInfo. The qualities of the studies were assessed through modified templates. Analysis of the results from the studies was inspired of a content analysis. Findings: The nurses experienced their work as meaningful since they give support to the patient. The nurses felt that their work was justified when the decision to have an abortion was well thought through and they felt respect towards the patient when they were aware of the patient’s circumstances. The nurses experienced stress and emotional impact when they faced ethical dilemmas and contradictions to abortion. Conclusion: Nurses experience can affect how patients experience care. Many nurses feel that they do not get enough support to handle difficult situations that they encounter in their work. Nurses who experience a high level of support in the workplace perceive tasks as less demanding what leads to better treatment.

SAMMANFATTNING: Blivande föräldrar står inför stora utmaningar. Föräldragrupperna utformas på mödrahälsovårdsmottagningarna så att föräldrarna får stöd i föräldraskapet och skapar ett nätverk som kan främja en positiv utveckling. Norra Kalmar län vill utveckla sitt arbetssätt i syfte att säkerställa kvalitet inom föräldrastödet för att svara mot föräldrars behov. Syfte: Utvärdering av föräldragrupperna bland förstagångsföräldrar. Metod: Retrospektiv tvärsnittstudie med kvantitativt ansats. Data samlades in genom ett frågeformulär med strukturerade frågor som har utarbetats av författaren. Analys: Beskrivande statistik. Resultatet sammanställdes med hjälp av programmet Excel. Resultat: 252 (n=656) föräldrar deltog i studien. 202 föräldrar (123 mammor och 79 partner) hade deltagit i grupperna. 145 föräldrar hade deltagit i alla träffar. Resultatet visar på att föräldrarna tyckte att grupperna var meningsfulla (84,5 %) och uppfyllde deras behov (85,9 %). Föräldragrupperna anses som en bra förlossningsförberedelse (85,1 %) och kan stärka föräldrarna i föräldraskapet (75,5 %). Hälften av föräldrarna (50, 4 %) har tack vare grupperna skapat kontakter och gemenskap med andra föräldrar. Slutsats: Nästan alla föräldrar känner sig nöjda med sitt deltagande (97,8 %) och kan rekommendera andra (93,3 %) att delta i grupperna.

No description available.

<p>Medicinsk abort innebär avbrytande av graviditet på farmakologisk väg, det kan utföras tilloch med nionde graviditetsveckan. Hemabort innebär att kvinnor slutför en medicinsk abort isitt hem, det har varit tillåtet i Sverige sedan 2004. Tidigare studier visar att kvinnor uppleverhemabort som mer naturligt än abort utförd på sjukhus. Stöd kan ses utifrån fyra dimensioner;informativt, instrumentellt, emotionellt och bekräftade. Syftet med studien var att beskrivakvinnors upplevelse av stöd från barnmorskor i samband med medicinsk hemabort. Metodensom använts är kvalitativ innehållsanalys utifrån en induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen har skettgenom en enkät med öppna frågor. Sex kvinnor valde att delta i studien. Resultatet indelades isex kategorier och ett tema. Resultatet visar att även fast kvinnorna upplever utsatthet, är denöjda med det stöd de erbjuds. Kvinnorna känner sig väl informerade, delaktiga och trygga;de uppskattar telefonsamtalet från barnmorska under abortdagen samt att de kan nå sjukhusetdygnet runt.</p> / <p>Medical abortion means termination of pregnancy in a pharmacological way, it can beperformed until the ninth week of pregnancy. Abortion at home means that women completea medical abortion in their homes, it has been allowed in Sweden since 2004. Previous studiesillustrate that women experience abortion at home as more natural than abortion performed athospital. Support can be seen from four different dimensions; informational, instrumental,emotional and appraisal. The aim of the study was to describe women’s experiences ofsupport from midwives in connection to induced medical abortion at home. The method usedis qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The collecting of data has beenmade through a questionnaire with open questions. Six women chose to participate in thestudy. The result was divided into six categories and one theme. The result shows that eventhough the women feel vulnerable, they are satisfied with the support they are offered. Thewomen feel that they are well informed, involved and safe; they appreciate the call from themidwife during the day of the abortion, also that the hospital can be reached day and night.</p>

Medicinsk abort innebär avbrytande av graviditet på farmakologisk väg, det kan utföras tilloch med nionde graviditetsveckan. Hemabort innebär att kvinnor slutför en medicinsk abort isitt hem, det har varit tillåtet i Sverige sedan 2004. Tidigare studier visar att kvinnor uppleverhemabort som mer naturligt än abort utförd på sjukhus. Stöd kan ses utifrån fyra dimensioner;informativt, instrumentellt, emotionellt och bekräftade. Syftet med studien var att beskrivakvinnors upplevelse av stöd från barnmorskor i samband med medicinsk hemabort. Metodensom använts är kvalitativ innehållsanalys utifrån en induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen har skettgenom en enkät med öppna frågor. Sex kvinnor valde att delta i studien. Resultatet indelades isex kategorier och ett tema. Resultatet visar att även fast kvinnorna upplever utsatthet, är denöjda med det stöd de erbjuds. Kvinnorna känner sig väl informerade, delaktiga och trygga;de uppskattar telefonsamtalet från barnmorska under abortdagen samt att de kan nå sjukhusetdygnet runt. / Medical abortion means termination of pregnancy in a pharmacological way, it can beperformed until the ninth week of pregnancy. Abortion at home means that women completea medical abortion in their homes, it has been allowed in Sweden since 2004. Previous studiesillustrate that women experience abortion at home as more natural than abortion performed athospital. Support can be seen from four different dimensions; informational, instrumental,emotional and appraisal. The aim of the study was to describe women’s experiences ofsupport from midwives in connection to induced medical abortion at home. The method usedis qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The collecting of data has beenmade through a questionnaire with open questions. Six women chose to participate in thestudy. The result was divided into six categories and one theme. The result shows that eventhough the women feel vulnerable, they are satisfied with the support they are offered. Thewomen feel that they are well informed, involved and safe; they appreciate the call from themidwife during the day of the abortion, also that the hospital can be reached day and night.

Perinatal audit has been tested and proved an important tool for reduction of perinatal mortality and assessment of quality of perinatal care. At Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), a tertiary hospital in Dar es salaam, Tanzania we performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from an obstetrics database to classify all perinatal deaths during 1999-2003. We also determined the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and its impact on perinatal outcome. Furthermore, we conducted a perinatal audit to study potential determinants and causes of perinatal and neonatal deaths and their avoidability. We also assessed the quality of care of patients admitted with eclampsia using a criteria based audit. Stillbirth, early neonatal and perinatal mortality rates (PMR) were 96, 27 and 124 respectively. A large proportion of foetuses (38%) had no audible foetal heart beat on admission at MNH labour ward and the majority of the neonatal deaths were asphyxiated at delivery. The PMR for multiples and singletons were 269 and 118 respectively resulting in a rate ratio of 2.4 (95%CI: 2.1-2.4). The prevalence of anaemia and severe anaemia was 68% and 5.8%, respectively. Severity of anaemia increased the risk of preterm delivery with ORs of 1.4, 1.4 and 4.1 for women with mild, moderate and severe anaemia as compared to women with normal haemoglobin levels. The corresponding risks for LBW and VLBW were 1.2, 1.7 and 3.8, and 1.5, 1.9 and 4.2 respectively. The prevalence of preterm delivery and LBW was 17% and 14% respectively. The hospital-based incidence of eclampsia was 504 per 10,000 women or 5.1 % of all mothers admitted. Suboptimal care were identified on criteria regarding management plan by senior staff, review of the plans by specialist obstetrician, delay on caesarean section, monitoring patients on magnesium sulphate and inadequate use of the laboratory. Two out of three patients requiring operation were not operated within set standards. Birth asphyxia was the main cause of intrapartum fresh stillbirth (47%) and early neonatal deaths (51%), whereas eclampsia (25%) and preeclampsia (8.3%) were main maternal medical conditions. The majority of stillbirths were fresh, indicating foetal demise during labour or just before delivery. The audit study identified suboptimal care in about 80% of audited cases out of which about 50% were found to be the likely cause of the adverse perinatal outcome. Inadequate maternal and foetal monitoring during labour were the main suboptimal factors, though delay in referral and operative interventions were also prominent. Based on these studies, we conclude that: The perinatal mortality (PMR) in this study was higher than the national average. About one in four perinatal deaths at MNH can be attributed to avoidable factors linked to obstetric care Main causes of perinatal and neonatal deaths were intrapartum birth asphyxia, immaturity related and infections            Management of patients in labour needs to be improved Suboptimal care that is essentially avoidable included: inadequate monitoring of patients during labour, delay of care,    e.g. long decision to surgery interval, and delayed referral of patients fromprimary hospitals The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy was very high; and low birth weight and preterm delivery was independently associated with severity of anaemia The prevalence of eclampsia at MNH was high and the case management needs to be improved

Cardiomyocyte perinatal development is characterized by the transition from a hyperplastic to a hypertrophic growth. We hypothesize that genetic factors and processes in the cardiac perinatal transitional program can be identified by a systematic analysis of different stages in heart development. Microarray expression patterning of mRNAs and microRNAs uncovered a perinatal cardiogenomic switch between 5 and 7 days post-birth. Gene ontology analysis revealed cellular and metabolic processes as highly representative Biological Processes. Moreover, approximately 40% of known mice transcription factors are significantly (p<0.05) fluctuating between embryonic day 19 and 10 days post-birth. As the heart matures, cardiomyocytes progressively exit cell cycle with day 5 as a pivotal point. Hypertrophy entails cardiomyocyte binucleation which may be promoted by Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis (Prc1) and its interactors. Temporal cardiac transcription expression analysis provides insight into underlining effectors within the cardiac perinatal transitional program as well as cardiac pathology.

p. 1-54 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-25T19:42:20Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Elsa%20Capas.pdf: 34075 bytes, checksum: ef49c4a459c9f8b972e86a5f5397d6fd (MD5) ELSA%20Parte%201.pdf: 87067 bytes, checksum: c17c80db8cdaa69e23fd49da75fdb9eb (MD5) Elsa%20Parte%202.pdf: 265809 bytes, checksum: b2fd70240e2015c603c0699cb4bf4491 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:21:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Elsa%20Capas.pdf: 34075 bytes, checksum: ef49c4a459c9f8b972e86a5f5397d6fd (MD5) ELSA%20Parte%201.pdf: 87067 bytes, checksum: c17c80db8cdaa69e23fd49da75fdb9eb (MD5) Elsa%20Parte%202.pdf: 265809 bytes, checksum: b2fd70240e2015c603c0699cb4bf4491 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:21:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Elsa%20Capas.pdf: 34075 bytes, checksum: ef49c4a459c9f8b972e86a5f5397d6fd (MD5) ELSA%20Parte%201.pdf: 87067 bytes, checksum: c17c80db8cdaa69e23fd49da75fdb9eb (MD5) Elsa%20Parte%202.pdf: 265809 bytes, checksum: b2fd70240e2015c603c0699cb4bf4491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Introdução: O alto nível de mortalidade perinatal é um grande desafio para a redução da mortalidade infantil, pois ela se relaciona não apenas com o desenvolvimento humano mas, sobretudo, com a qualidade da assistência obstétrica e neonatal. Objetivo: Descrever as características e a evolução da mortalidade perinatal no município de Salvador, Bahia de 1998 a 2007. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo de 11.080 casos de óbitos perinatais de mães residentes em Salvador, com tempo de gestação superior ou igual a 22 semanas e idade do recém-nascido até 7 dias. As fontes de dados foram o Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) do Ministério da Saúde. Na análise utilizou-se o teste χ2 de Pearson e o cálculo das médias móveis. Os indicadores empregados foram as taxas de mortalidade. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade perinatal mostrou tendência decrescente a partir do ano 2000, tendo decrescido em 22,1% de 33,1/1.000 nascimentos em 2000 para 25,8/1.000 em 2007, com a maior contribuição proveniente da taxa de mortalidade neonatal precoce em relação à fetal. A taxa de mortalidade fetal anteparto apresentou-se 34 vezes maior do que a intraparto. A análise dos dados constatou ainda que as principais causas de morte foram a prematuridade e a asfixia intraparto. Conclusão: As causas de óbito verificadas são sobejamente descritas como evitáveis; a identificação de seus fatores determinantes através de estudos específicos poderá servir de suporte ao planejamento de intervenções estratégicas, que diminuiriam a ocorrência de óbitos perinatais em Salvador. / Salvador