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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Estudio sobre la region perineal del hombre ....

Chacon, Francisco de P. January 1870 (has links)
Tesis--México. (candidato á la plaza de adjunto á la cátedra de anatomia topografica).
12

Relief of postpartum perineal pain a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Masters [sic] of Science, Nurse-Midwifery ... /

Brechon, Michelle Rene. Unknown Date (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1995.
13

Association of perineal massage, length of the second stage of labor and postpartum perineal outcomes a report submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree Master of Science, Parent-Child Nursing ... /

Rossie, Debra. January 1995 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1995.
14

Association of perineal massage, length of the second stage of labor and postpartum perineal outcomes a report submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree Master of Science, Parent-Child Nursing ... /

Rossie, Debra. January 1995 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1995.
15

A clinical guideline on antenatal perineal massage for nulliparous women to reduce perineal trauma

Wong, Lai-kuen, 王麗娟 January 2011 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing
16

Correlative anatomy of the pelvic floor and the viscera which traverse it

Wilson, Paula Margaret 15 April 2020 (has links)
Feci quod potui: Fa ciant meliora potentes ( I did what I could, allow others to do better) Inscriptions on graduation dissertations in old Russia.This work began with a search for the pubo-recto-analis muscle at the instigation of Professor J.H. Louw. Requests followed from surgeons and urologists for information about, and demonstration of, structure related to the pelvic floor in infants and adults, these encouraged me to go more and more deeply into the anatomy of this region in Man. I found that welding of viscera to their fascial,muscular and bony environs is not described in current textbooks. The absence of clear-cut boundaries between some of the muscles, in areas where they are contiguous,is likewise never emphasised. The beautiful drawings in atlases and textbooks have a comforting way of reassuring us that all has been revealed about the pelvic floor and its viscera. However, when the time-consuming expedient of removing the superior fascia of the levator had already yielded dividends,in that failure to do this, had led generations of anatomists to misrepresent the commonest form of the origin of the pubo-coccygeus, it seemed worthwhile to pursue the fascia,muscles and terminal viscera and their nerves, in order to fully understand their complex interwoven relationships. The unusual electrical activity of the musculature was especially intriguing and demanded an explanation. My findings,many of which fully corroborate the findings of others, led me to a consideration of the factors which combine to produce the remarkably efficient functioning of intestinal and genito-urinary outlet mechanisms. It then appeared essential to adopt a correlative approach. Accordingly I have aimed to present a selective account of the soft tissues of the pelvis and perineum which is comprehensive and I hope useful. From it certain aspects,which appear of primary importance,should emerge clearly.
17

Att förebygga förlossningsbristningar i en medikaliserad förlossningsvård / Preventing vaginal tearing during childbirth in a medicalized maternity care

Saglind, Tamira, Zöberl, Clara January 2022 (has links)
Förlossningsbristningar involverar olika former av skador på vagina, vulva, perineum och analsfinktrar. Skadan kan uppstå spontant under födseln eller genom iatrogena skador som hälso- och sjukvården åstadkommit. Bristningar uppskattas drabba cirka 80 procent av förstföderskor och kan leda till komplikationer som kan påverka livskvaliteten på flera sätt. Genom historien har vårdandet av bäckenbottens vävnader studerats, men allteftersom barnafödseln förflyttades till sjukhus och förlossningsvården medikaliserades kan en stor del av förlossningskunskapen ha försvunnit. Födslorummet blev till ett vårdrum och förlossningssfären till ett kliniskt skeende. Detta kan i sin tur ha bidragit till att förlossningsbristningar kommit att normaliseras. Syftet var att kartlägga hur olika metoder kan förebygga uppkomsten av förlossningsbristningar. Vald metod blev en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt som omfattade randomiserade kontrollerade studier, observationsstudier, tvärsnittsstudier samt kohortstudier med kvantitativ design. Databassökningen utfördes i PubMed och CINAHL. En kvalitetsgranskning utfördes på samtliga artiklar och endast ett urval som uppfyllde grundläggande kvalitetskrav ingick i litteraturöversikten. Med hjälp av en integrerad analys kunde en sammanvägning av flera studier genomföras och sammanställas till ett gemensamt resultat. Kvantitativa data extraherades från artiklarnas resultat och omformulerades till beskrivande text. Totalt 31 artiklar med kvantitativ ansats identifierades som svarade an på syftet och blev grunden för den icke-systematiska litteraturöversikten. Genom dataanalysen identifierades flera metoder som kan förebygga uppkomsten av förlossningsbristningar. Samtliga metoder delades in under två huvudkategorier: ”Metoder med god skyddande effekt på förlossningsbristningar” samt ”Metoder med tveksamt skyddande effekt på förlossningsbristningar”, med sju tillhörande underkategorier: ”Vårdande av perineum under graviditeten”, ”Vårdande av perineum i samband med förlossningen”, ”Barnmorskeledd förlossning”, ”Ett kontrollerat framfödande”, ”Barnmorskans händer och kommunikation som verktyg för att motverka förlossningsbristningar”, ”förlossningspositioner och att föda i vatten” samt ”Perineotomi i förebyggande syfte mot förlossningsbristningar”. Slutsatsen indikerade på flera metoder som kan motverka uppkomsten av förlossningsbristningar. De metoder som visade på god skyddande effekt var värme och perinealmassage, barnmorskeledda förlossningar och närvaron av två barnmorskor vid framfödandet samt att föda i sidoläge och fyrfota position. Metoder som visade på tveksamt skyddande effekt relaterat till tvetydiga resultat var att föda i litotomiläge, rutinmässig användning av perineotomi samt hands on-tekniken. På grund av osäker evidens ökar komplexiteten för forskningsområdet. / Vaginal tearing involves various forms of damage to the vagina, vulva, perineum and anal sphincters. Vaginal tearing can occur spontaneously during birth or through iatrogenic injuries achieved by the healthcare providers. Vaginal tearing is estimated to affect about 80 percent of primiparous women and can lead to complications that can affect the quality of life in several ways. Throughout history, care of the pelvic floor tissues has been studied, but as maternity care has become more medicalized, pregnancy and childbirth came to be seen as a pathological event. This, in turn, may have contributed towards the normalization of vaginal tearing. The aim was to examine how different methods can prevent the occurrence of vaginal tearing during childbirth. The method chosen was a scoping review that included the analysis of randomized controlled trials, observational studies, cross-sectional studies and cohort studies utilizing a quantitative approach. The database search was performed in PubMed and CINAHL. A quality review was performed on all articles and only the selection that met the quality requirements was included. By using an integrated analysis several studies compiled to produce a conclusive result. Quantitative data was extracted from the results of the articles and reformulated into a descriptive text. A total of 31 articles with a quantitative approach were identified that answered this thesis’ aim and built the structure of the scoping review. Through the data analysis, two main categories with associated sub-categories were identified. The main categories that have emerged are: "Methods with good protective effect on vaginal tearing" and "Methods with questionable protective effect on vaginal tearing". Sub-categories that have been identified are: "Perineal care during pregnancy", "Perineal care during birth”, "Midwife-led birth", “Controlled vaginal delivery”, "Midwife's hands and communication to prevent vaginal tearing”, "Delivery positions and water birth" and "Episiotomy as a preventive measure against vaginal tearing ". The conclusions of this thesis’ research indicated several methods that could prevent vaginal tearing. In particular, there was good evidence to establish that caring for the perineal area by massaging the perineum and applying warm compresses, midwife-led birth and the presence of two midwifes during birth as well as birth in lateral position and hands-and-knees position. Methods that were found to be ineffective included birth in litothomy position, routine practice of episiotomy as well as the hands on-technique. Due to inconclusive evidence the complexity of the research area increases.
18

Caracterização das lacerações perineais espontâneas no parto normal / Characterization spontaneous perineal lacerations in normal birth

Leite, Jaqueline Sousa 26 October 2012 (has links)
Introdução: No parto normal, muitas mulheres têm lacerações perineais espontâneas, mas a prevalência, as características e os fatores relacionados a estas são pouco estudados. Objetivos: 1. Caracterizar as lacerações perineais espontâneas no parto normal; 2. Analisar as lacerações perineais espontâneas no parto normal, conforme as condições sociodemográficas maternas, as condições clínicas e obstétricas na gestação e no parto e as condições do recém-nascido; 3. Avaliar as morbidades perineais relacionadas às lacerações espontâneas até 48 horas após o parto. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado no Amparo Maternal, São Paulo (SP), entre outubro de 2011 e janeiro de 2012. Foram incluídas 100 mulheres com idade 18 anos; gestação a termo; feto único, em apresentação cefálica; parto normal com laceração espontânea. Os desfechos primários foram tipo, localização, grau, forma e tamanho da laceração espontânea, avaliados com a Peri-Rule. As análises descritiva e inferencial foram realizadas por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado, t-Student, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson, com p-valor <0,05 apontado como estatisticamente significante. Resultados: 51% das mulheres tiveram laceração única, 49% lacerações múltiplas; 58% tiveram laceração na região anterior do períneo, 80% na região posterior e 23% na parede vaginal; 77,5% tiveram laceração de 1º grau, 20% de 2º grau e 2,5% de 3º grau (sem rotura completa do esfíncter anal); 62,5% das lacerações eram de forma linear, 35% em forma de U e 2,5% ramificadas; na região anterior, a média da extensão das lacerações foi 28,6mm (±12,9); na região posterior, a média da extensão da mucosa foi 26,1mm (±10,5), a média da extensão da pele foi 24,3mm (±10,4) e a média da profundidade foi 18,1(±8,6). Na parede vaginal, a média da extensão foi 19,8mm (±6,5). Para o cálculo da média do tamanho das lacerações, foi considerado o maior valor para cada mulher. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação às seguintes variáveis: localização (região anterior e posterior do períneo e parede vaginal) e idade materna; grau (primeiro, segundo e terceiro) e realização de exercícios perineais na gestação, edema perineal no parto, tipo de puxo, variedade de posição no desprendimento cefálico e tamanho da circunferência cefálica; forma (linear, U ou ramificada) e exercício perineal na gestação, uso de misoprostol, tipo de puxo, variedade de posição no desprendimento cefálico e circunferência cefálica; tamanho das lacerações na região posterior do períneo (extensão na pele) e edema perineal, altura do períneo e uso de ocitocina; tamanho das lacerações na região anterior do períneo (extensão da mucosa) e idade materna, uso de misosprostol e peso do recém-nascido; extensão parede vaginal e edema perineal. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao tipo de laceração (única ou múltipla). As principais morbidades perineais no pós-parto foram ardência, edema, hematoma, equimose e dor. Conclusão: A região posterior do períneo foi a mais afetada e as médias do tamanho das lacerações variaram de acordo com o local atingido. A ocorrência de lacerações de terceiro grau e a frequência de lacerações na parede vaginal indicam a importância da avaliação criteriosa do esfíncter anal, assim como do canal de parto, mesmo quando não há solução de continuidade aparente na região perineal. / Introduction: Most vaginal delivery are accompanied by spontaneous perineal lacerations. However there is a lack of knowledge related to prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of these lacerations in the literature. Aims: 1. To characterize the spontaneous lacerations in normal birth; 2. To analyze the spontaneous perineal lacerations in normal birth, according to socio-demographic, clinical and obstetric conditions during pregnancy and childbirth and the conditions of the newborn; 3. To evaluate morbidities related to spontaneous perineal lacerations until 48 hours after delivery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Amparo Maternal maternity unit, São Paulo, BR. The data was collected from October, 2011 to January, 2012. There were included 100 women aged 18 years; fullterm pregnancy; single live fetus and vertex presentation; normal birth with spontaneous laceration. The primary outcomes were type, area, degree, shape and size of spontaneous lacerations, using the Peri-Rule. Descriptive and inferential analyzes were appraised using the chi- square test, Student\'s t-test, ANOVA and Pearsons correlation, with p-value<0.05 indicated as statistically significant. Results: 51% of women had single laceration and 49% multiple ones; 58% had anterior perineum lacerations, 80% in the posterior area and 23% in the vaginal wall; 77.5% had 1st degree, 20% 2nd degree and 2.5% 3rd degree lacerations (without complete rupture of the anal sphincter); 62.5% of lacerations were linear, 35% were \"U\" shape and 2.5% star shape. The average length of lacerations was 28.6 mm (sd ± 12.9) in the anterior area; the average length of the mucosa in the posterior area was 26.1 mm (sd ± 10.5), the length of skin was 24.3 mm (sd ± 10 4) and the depth was 18.1 (± 8.6); the average length of the vaginal wall was 19.8 mm (sd ± 6.5). In order to calculate the average size of lacerations, the highest value for each woman was considered. There were significant differences for the following variables: area (anterior and posterior perineum area and vaginal wall) and maternal age; degree (first, second and third) and perineal exercises during pregnancy, presence of perineal edema during labor, type of pushing, fetal position variety and size of head circumference; shape (linear, \"U\" or star) and perineal exercise during pregnancy, use of misoprostol, type of pushing, head delivery position and head circumference; size of lacerations in the posterior perineum area (skin length) and perineal edema, perineum height and use of oxytocin; size of lacerations in the anterior perineum area (mucosa length) and maternal age, use of misoprostol and weight of the newborn; length of the laceration on vaginal wall and perineal edema. There was no statistically significant difference in the type of laceration (single or multiple). Major postpartum perineal morbidities were blazing, edema, hematoma, ecchymosis and pain. Conclusion: The posterior perineum area was the most affected and the average size of lacerations varied according to the affected area. The occurrence of third degree lacerations and the frequency of lacerations in the vaginal wall indicate the importance of careful evaluation of the anal sphincter, as well as the birth canal, even if when the is no apparent solution of continuity in the perineum.
19

Biologia da reprodução em tatus: análise morfológica do aparelho reprodutor feminino da espécie Euphractus sexcinctus e análise morfológica placentária comparativa entre as espécies Chaetophractus villosus, Chaetophractus vellerosus e Euphractus sexcinctus / Biology of reproduction in armadillo: morphology of the female reproductive tract of the species of Euphractus sexcinctus and comparative morphological analysis of placental in species of the Chaetophractus villosus, Chaetophractus vellerosus, and Euphractus sexcinctus

Rezende, Lorenna Cardoso 10 November 2011 (has links)
A literatura sustenta que os Xenarthras com sua longa e isolada existência podem ser a luz para entender a evolução dos mamíferos placentários. O tatu Euphractus sexcinctus é endêmico da América do Sul e têm sido pouco estudado. A morfologia e a relação entre tecidos moles e duros do aparelho genital, pelve e períneo de nove animais adultos foi descrita utilizando-se as técnicas de mesoscopia, microscopia (eletrônica e luz) e tomografia computadorizada. O desenho anatômico da pelve e períneo do Euphractus sexcinctus apresentou características basais, conferindo um excelente modelo de estudo para desvendar o desenvolvimento dos tetrápodes. A região perineal conteve os trígonos (anal e urogenital) e a região pubiana exibiu a genitália externa com o clitóris pronunciado pela ausência dos lábios vulvares, sendo diferente dos mamíferos recentes, apresentando característica semelhante ao cliteropênis de crocodilos, isto possibilita questionamentos interessantes acerca da importância da manutenção desta genitália tão protusida. Os ossos da pelve no animal adulto apresentaram-se fundidos, constituindo o sinsacro. Com relação ao aparelho genital interno, o extenso comprimento da cérvix em relação ao corpo do útero chamou a atenção, provavelmente, porque o grande volume dos músculos coccígeos na pelve menor empurraram o útero para a pelve maior. Os ovários, a tuba uterina e a vagina assemelharam-se aos órgãos de mamíferos recentes, portanto não surgiram novidades evolutivas. A placenta nos animais estudados (Chaetophractus villosus, Chaetophractus vellerosus e Euphractus sexcinctus) foi classificada como hemocorial e altamente invasiva, diferindo entre as espécies na disposição do córion viloso em contato com o útero. / The literature maintains that Xenarthra and isolated with its long existence may be the light to understand the evolution of placental mammals. The armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus is endemic in South America and has been poorly search. The morphology and the relationship between hard and soft tissues of the female genital, pelvis and perineum of nine adult animals has been described using techniques: mesoscopy, microscopy (electron and light) and computed tomography. The anatomical design of the pelvis and perineum of the Euphractus sexcinctus presented baseline characteristics, being an excellent study model to understand the development of tetrapods. The perineal region contained the trines (anal and urogenital) and pubic area exhibited the external genital with clitoral pronounced by the absence of labia, with different mammalian recent cliteropenis presenting feature similar to that of crocodiles, this enables interesting questions about the importance of maintenance of such protruding genitalia. The bones of the pelvis in the adult animal had cast up, constituting the sinsacrum. Regarding the internal genital tract, the extensive length of the cervix in relation to the uterus called the attention, probably because the bulk of the pelvis minor has been filled by coccygeal muscles. Than this muscles pushed the uterus to the pelvis higher. The ovaries, oviducts and vagina resembled recent mammalian organs, so there appeared no evolutionary novelties. The placenta in animal studies (Chaetophractus villosus, Chaetophractus vellerosus and Euphractus sexcinctus) were classified as highly invasive and hemochorial, differing between species in the layout of the chorionic villi in contact with the uterus.
20

Caracterização das lacerações perineais espontâneas no parto normal / Characterization spontaneous perineal lacerations in normal birth

Jaqueline Sousa Leite 26 October 2012 (has links)
Introdução: No parto normal, muitas mulheres têm lacerações perineais espontâneas, mas a prevalência, as características e os fatores relacionados a estas são pouco estudados. Objetivos: 1. Caracterizar as lacerações perineais espontâneas no parto normal; 2. Analisar as lacerações perineais espontâneas no parto normal, conforme as condições sociodemográficas maternas, as condições clínicas e obstétricas na gestação e no parto e as condições do recém-nascido; 3. Avaliar as morbidades perineais relacionadas às lacerações espontâneas até 48 horas após o parto. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado no Amparo Maternal, São Paulo (SP), entre outubro de 2011 e janeiro de 2012. Foram incluídas 100 mulheres com idade 18 anos; gestação a termo; feto único, em apresentação cefálica; parto normal com laceração espontânea. Os desfechos primários foram tipo, localização, grau, forma e tamanho da laceração espontânea, avaliados com a Peri-Rule. As análises descritiva e inferencial foram realizadas por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado, t-Student, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson, com p-valor <0,05 apontado como estatisticamente significante. Resultados: 51% das mulheres tiveram laceração única, 49% lacerações múltiplas; 58% tiveram laceração na região anterior do períneo, 80% na região posterior e 23% na parede vaginal; 77,5% tiveram laceração de 1º grau, 20% de 2º grau e 2,5% de 3º grau (sem rotura completa do esfíncter anal); 62,5% das lacerações eram de forma linear, 35% em forma de U e 2,5% ramificadas; na região anterior, a média da extensão das lacerações foi 28,6mm (±12,9); na região posterior, a média da extensão da mucosa foi 26,1mm (±10,5), a média da extensão da pele foi 24,3mm (±10,4) e a média da profundidade foi 18,1(±8,6). Na parede vaginal, a média da extensão foi 19,8mm (±6,5). Para o cálculo da média do tamanho das lacerações, foi considerado o maior valor para cada mulher. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação às seguintes variáveis: localização (região anterior e posterior do períneo e parede vaginal) e idade materna; grau (primeiro, segundo e terceiro) e realização de exercícios perineais na gestação, edema perineal no parto, tipo de puxo, variedade de posição no desprendimento cefálico e tamanho da circunferência cefálica; forma (linear, U ou ramificada) e exercício perineal na gestação, uso de misoprostol, tipo de puxo, variedade de posição no desprendimento cefálico e circunferência cefálica; tamanho das lacerações na região posterior do períneo (extensão na pele) e edema perineal, altura do períneo e uso de ocitocina; tamanho das lacerações na região anterior do períneo (extensão da mucosa) e idade materna, uso de misosprostol e peso do recém-nascido; extensão parede vaginal e edema perineal. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao tipo de laceração (única ou múltipla). As principais morbidades perineais no pós-parto foram ardência, edema, hematoma, equimose e dor. Conclusão: A região posterior do períneo foi a mais afetada e as médias do tamanho das lacerações variaram de acordo com o local atingido. A ocorrência de lacerações de terceiro grau e a frequência de lacerações na parede vaginal indicam a importância da avaliação criteriosa do esfíncter anal, assim como do canal de parto, mesmo quando não há solução de continuidade aparente na região perineal. / Introduction: Most vaginal delivery are accompanied by spontaneous perineal lacerations. However there is a lack of knowledge related to prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of these lacerations in the literature. Aims: 1. To characterize the spontaneous lacerations in normal birth; 2. To analyze the spontaneous perineal lacerations in normal birth, according to socio-demographic, clinical and obstetric conditions during pregnancy and childbirth and the conditions of the newborn; 3. To evaluate morbidities related to spontaneous perineal lacerations until 48 hours after delivery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Amparo Maternal maternity unit, São Paulo, BR. The data was collected from October, 2011 to January, 2012. There were included 100 women aged 18 years; fullterm pregnancy; single live fetus and vertex presentation; normal birth with spontaneous laceration. The primary outcomes were type, area, degree, shape and size of spontaneous lacerations, using the Peri-Rule. Descriptive and inferential analyzes were appraised using the chi- square test, Student\'s t-test, ANOVA and Pearsons correlation, with p-value<0.05 indicated as statistically significant. Results: 51% of women had single laceration and 49% multiple ones; 58% had anterior perineum lacerations, 80% in the posterior area and 23% in the vaginal wall; 77.5% had 1st degree, 20% 2nd degree and 2.5% 3rd degree lacerations (without complete rupture of the anal sphincter); 62.5% of lacerations were linear, 35% were \"U\" shape and 2.5% star shape. The average length of lacerations was 28.6 mm (sd ± 12.9) in the anterior area; the average length of the mucosa in the posterior area was 26.1 mm (sd ± 10.5), the length of skin was 24.3 mm (sd ± 10 4) and the depth was 18.1 (± 8.6); the average length of the vaginal wall was 19.8 mm (sd ± 6.5). In order to calculate the average size of lacerations, the highest value for each woman was considered. There were significant differences for the following variables: area (anterior and posterior perineum area and vaginal wall) and maternal age; degree (first, second and third) and perineal exercises during pregnancy, presence of perineal edema during labor, type of pushing, fetal position variety and size of head circumference; shape (linear, \"U\" or star) and perineal exercise during pregnancy, use of misoprostol, type of pushing, head delivery position and head circumference; size of lacerations in the posterior perineum area (skin length) and perineal edema, perineum height and use of oxytocin; size of lacerations in the anterior perineum area (mucosa length) and maternal age, use of misoprostol and weight of the newborn; length of the laceration on vaginal wall and perineal edema. There was no statistically significant difference in the type of laceration (single or multiple). Major postpartum perineal morbidities were blazing, edema, hematoma, ecchymosis and pain. Conclusion: The posterior perineum area was the most affected and the average size of lacerations varied according to the affected area. The occurrence of third degree lacerations and the frequency of lacerations in the vaginal wall indicate the importance of careful evaluation of the anal sphincter, as well as the birth canal, even if when the is no apparent solution of continuity in the perineum.

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